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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
From Iconic Handshapes To Grammatical Contrasts: Longitudinal Evidence From A Child Homesigner, Marie Coppola
From Iconic Handshapes To Grammatical Contrasts: Longitudinal Evidence From A Child Homesigner, Marie Coppola
Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles
Many sign languages display crosslinguistic consistencies in the use of two iconic aspects of handshape, handshape type and finger group complexity. Handshape type is used systematically in form-meaning pairings (morphology): Handling handshapes (Handling-HSs), representing how objects are handled, tend to be used to express events with an agent (“hand-as-hand” iconicity), and Object handshapes (Object-HSs), representing an object's size/shape, are used more often to express events without an agent (“hand-as-object” iconicity). Second, in the distribution of meaningless properties of form (morphophonology), Object-HSs display higher finger group complexity than Handling-HSs. Some adult homesigners, who have not acquired a …
Phonemic Restoration In Developmental Dyslexia, Stephanie N. Del Tufo, Emily B. Myers
Phonemic Restoration In Developmental Dyslexia, Stephanie N. Del Tufo, Emily B. Myers
Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles
The comprehension of fluent speech in one's native language requires that listeners integrate the detailed acoustic-phonetic information available in the sound signal with linguistic knowledge. This interplay is especially apparent in the phoneme restoration effect, a phenomenon in which a missing phoneme is “restored” via the influence of top-down information from the lexicon and through bottom-up acoustic processing. Developmental dyslexia is a disorder characterized by an inability to read at the level of one's peers without any clear failure due to environmental influences. In the current study we utilized the phonemic restoration illusion paradigm to examine individual differences in phonemic …
Toward A Dynamical Theory Of Body Movement In Musical Performance, Roger Chaffin, Alexander P. Demos
Toward A Dynamical Theory Of Body Movement In Musical Performance, Roger Chaffin, Alexander P. Demos
Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles
Musicians sway expressively as they play in ways that seem clearly related to the music, but quantifying the relationship has been difficult. We suggest that a complex systems framework and its accompanying tools for analyzing non-linear dynamical systems can help identify the motor synergies involved. Synergies are temporary assemblies of parts that come together to accomplish specific goals. We assume that the goal of the performer is to convey musical structure and expression to the audience and to other performers. We provide examples of how dynamical systems tools, such as recurrence quantification analysis (RQA), can be used to examine performers' …
Examining Effects Of Anticipated Stigma, Centrality, Salience, Internalization, And Outness On Psychological Distress For People With Concealable Stigmatized Identities, Diane M. Quinn, Michelle K. Williams, Francisco Quintana, Jennifer L. Gaskins, Alefiyah Pishori, Giselle Perez Lougee
Examining Effects Of Anticipated Stigma, Centrality, Salience, Internalization, And Outness On Psychological Distress For People With Concealable Stigmatized Identities, Diane M. Quinn, Michelle K. Williams, Francisco Quintana, Jennifer L. Gaskins, Alefiyah Pishori, Giselle Perez Lougee
Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles
Understanding how stigmatized identities contribute to increased rates of depression and anxiety is critical to stigma reduction and mental health treatment. There has been little research testing multiple aspects of stigmatized identities simultaneously. In the current study, we collected data from a diverse, urban, adult community sample of people with a concealed stigmatized identity (CSI). We targeted 5 specific CSIs – mental illness, substance abuse, experience of domestic violence, experience of sexual assault, and experience of childhood abuse – that have been shown to put people at risk for increased psychological distress. We collected measures of the anticipation of being …
The Effect Of Robot-Child Interactions On Social Attention And Verbalization Patterns Of Typically Developing Children And Children With Autism Between 4 And 8 Years, Sudha Srinivasan, Anjana Bhat
The Effect Of Robot-Child Interactions On Social Attention And Verbalization Patterns Of Typically Developing Children And Children With Autism Between 4 And 8 Years, Sudha Srinivasan, Anjana Bhat
Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles
Background: There is anecdotal evidence for the use of robots to facilitate prosocial behaviors such as joint attention and verbalization in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). However, there have been no normative data in typically developing children to evaluate the effects of robot-child interactions on social and communication skills. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate the changes in social attention and verbalization skills of 15 typically developing (TD) children, using a structured 8-session imitation protocol within a robot-adult-child context. We further extended this imitation protocol to two children with ASDs. Methods: Pretest, session1, session 4, session …
Novel Space Alters Theta And Gamma Synchrony Across The Longitudinal Axis Of The Hippocampus., Stephanie C. Penley, James R. Hinman, Lauren L. Long, Etan J. Markus, Monty A. Escabí, James J. Chrobak
Novel Space Alters Theta And Gamma Synchrony Across The Longitudinal Axis Of The Hippocampus., Stephanie C. Penley, James R. Hinman, Lauren L. Long, Etan J. Markus, Monty A. Escabí, James J. Chrobak
Open Access Author Fund Awardees' Articles
Hippocampal theta (6–10 Hz) and gamma (25–50 Hz and 65–100 Hz) local field potentials (LFPs) reflect the dynamic synchronization evoked by inputs impinging upon hippocampal neurons. Novel experience is known to engage hippocampal physiology and promote successful encoding. Does novelty synchronize or desynchronize theta and/or gamma frequency inputs across the septotemporal (long) axis of the hippocampus (HPC)? The present study tested the hypothesis that a novel spatial environment would alter theta power and coherence across the long axis. We compared theta and gamma LFP signals at individual (power) and millimeter distant electrode pairs (coherence) within the dentate gyrus (DG) and …