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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 18 of 18
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Racial/Ethnic Differences In Possible Selves Of Diverse Adolescents: Implications For Higher Education And Mental Health, Viana Y. Turcios-Cotto
Racial/Ethnic Differences In Possible Selves Of Diverse Adolescents: Implications For Higher Education And Mental Health, Viana Y. Turcios-Cotto
Master's Theses
There are striking disparities in the academic achievement of American youth, with Latino and Black adolescents attaining higher education at vastly lower rates than White adolescents. Though numerous reasons exist for these educational disparities this study examines possible selves as they may relate to educational achievement among Latinos. Specifically, this study investigates: a) racial/ethnic differences in the content and themes of expected possible selves held by young adolescents; b) within group differences among Latino students and their expected possible selves; c) racial/ethnic differences in the relation between higher education possible selves and current mental health adjustment. Written responses reflecting types …
The Impact Of Breast Cancer Screening On Sleep, Affect, And Immune Functioning, Caitlin Burbridge
The Impact Of Breast Cancer Screening On Sleep, Affect, And Immune Functioning, Caitlin Burbridge
Master's Theses
Despite great strides that have been made over the past several decades in terms of diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed cancer in American women and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality for women in the United States. Although the benefits of early detection of breast cancer have been clearly established, the advantages of screening must also be weighed against a potential corresponding negative psychological impact of screening procedures. The purpose of the present study was to further investigate the impact of breast cancer screening on previously unstudied or understudied aspects of psychological and physiological …
Differences In Body Image: Comparing Asian American Ethnic Groups And White Americans, Alefiyah Z. Pishori
Differences In Body Image: Comparing Asian American Ethnic Groups And White Americans, Alefiyah Z. Pishori
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Rejection Sensitivity And Early Relationships: Explaining Differential Outcomes In Early Dating, Heather Holly
Rejection Sensitivity And Early Relationships: Explaining Differential Outcomes In Early Dating, Heather Holly
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Supporting School Wellness Policices Through Game On! Implementation In 13 High-Need Connecticut Schools, Sarah M. Bourque
Supporting School Wellness Policices Through Game On! Implementation In 13 High-Need Connecticut Schools, Sarah M. Bourque
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Testing For A Descriptive And Injunctive Norm Interaction In Promoting Health Behavior, Robert E. Low
Testing For A Descriptive And Injunctive Norm Interaction In Promoting Health Behavior, Robert E. Low
Master's Theses
Social norms-based interventions have demonstrated efficacy as tools for behavior change interventions. Nonetheless, there is some theoretical and empirical evidence that the efficacy of injunctive norms-based appeals can be undermined by their tendency to 1) arouse psychological reactance among participants, and 2) inadvertently imply that few others are completing the target behavior. The author hypothesizes that supplementing an injunctive appeal with evidence of a supporting descriptive norm will counteract these problematic tendencies. The present research describes a test of of this hypothesis in the context of an intervention to fight H1N1 on campus. Boxes of sanitizing keyboard wipes were placed …
Intact Statistical Word Learning In Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jessica Mayo
Intact Statistical Word Learning In Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jessica Mayo
Master's Theses
Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have impairments in language acquisition, but the underlying mechanism of these deficits is poorly understood. Implicit learning appears potentially relevant to language development, particularly in speech segmentation, which relies on sensitivity to the transitional probabilities between speech sounds. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between implicit learning and current language abilities in school-aged children with autism (n = 17) and typical development (n = 24) using a well-studied artificial language learning task. Results suggest that the ASD and TD groups were equally able to implicitly learn transitional probabilities from a lengthy …
Language Typology And Sentence Frame Effects On Motion Verb Interpretation In Grade Schoolers, Emma C. Kelty
Language Typology And Sentence Frame Effects On Motion Verb Interpretation In Grade Schoolers, Emma C. Kelty
Master's Theses
Most English descriptions of motion events express manner in the main verb and path in a prepositional phrase, as in “She skips out of the house”. However, the same event can be described differently if a different syntactic frame is used: “She exits the house”. While young children have been found to interpret novel motion verbs according to the syntactic frame information, adults have been found to rely somewhat more on the overall language pattern, or typology (Hohenstein et al., 2004; Naigles & Terrazas, 1998). Grade schoolers have not been examined in this paradigm, and their linguistic abilities suggest that …
Academic Abilities In Children And Adolescents With A History Of Autism Spectrum Disorders Who Have Achieved Optimal Outcomes, Eva Troyb
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Antecedents And Continuity Of Compliance In Preschoolers, Lauren Gindin
Antecedents And Continuity Of Compliance In Preschoolers, Lauren Gindin
Master's Theses
Self-regulation, and compliance behavior specifically, has been implicated in the development of successful socialization. Difficulty self-regulating has led to negative outcomes in areas such as academic success and mental health, and a number of possible contributors, such as temperament, maternal sensitivity and attachment, have been identified. In this study, we examined these possible predictors of preschool compliance behavior through causal modeling utilizing a large and diverse longitudinal dataset from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. We aimed to predict compliance and delay of gratification performance in children across 2, 3 and 4.5 years of age by …
Understanding The Behavioral Determinants Of Retention In Hiv Care: A Qualitative Evaluation Of The Situated Information, Motivation, Behavioral Skills Model Of Care Initiation And Maintenance, Laramie Smith
Master's Theses
The goal of this study is to identify the content and context of critical informational, motivational, and behavioral skills related facilitators and barriers influencing retention in HIV care in an inner-city clinic population receiving clinic- and outreach-based HIV care services. Elicitation of retention-relevant factors was guided by the Situated Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills model of Care Initiation and Maintenance, using qualitative in-depth semi-structured interviews. Deductive and inductive content coding were used to identify important theory-based dynamics of retention in HIV care and to identify factors discussed as important to retention in HIV-care that were not well specified by the model. Participants’ experiences …
Distance Judgments For Joint Action: The Perceptual Consequences Of Anticipated Coordination, Benjamin R. Meagher
Distance Judgments For Joint Action: The Perceptual Consequences Of Anticipated Coordination, Benjamin R. Meagher
Master's Theses
Recent perception research has revealed that judgments of distance are influenced by the energetic cost required to perform particular actions, such as walking, across these distances (Proffitt, 2006b). However, this prior research has focused almost exclusively on the perceptual consequences of solo action, despite the fact that individuals regularly become embedded within social units for the purpose of joint action (Richardson, Marsh, & Schmidt, 2005). In two experiments, the current work sought to test the hypothesis that forming a social unit creates a new perception-action system with distinct perceptual attunement of the environment scaled to the unit’s action-potential. Participants, accompanied …
A Relational Perspective On Sex Stereotyping, Jessica Kang
A Relational Perspective On Sex Stereotyping, Jessica Kang
Master's Theses
The current study adopts a relational perspective of sex stereotyping by taking into account the perceiver’s group membership, the target group, and the content of the stereotype. We asked women and men to report their personal beliefs about men and women on three characteristics: competence, warmth and morality. The results showed that participants were engaging in three different patterns of sex stereotyping: traditional sex stereotyping (both sexes rated similarly by both male and female participants on traditional stereotypes), traditional in-group favoring sex stereotyping (participants favor his/her own group on a stereotype traditionally associated with his/her group), and counter-traditional sex stereotyping …
An Examination Of Unwritten Rule Development In Men’S Ice Hockey, Joshua M. Lupinek
An Examination Of Unwritten Rule Development In Men’S Ice Hockey, Joshua M. Lupinek
Master's Theses
This research study sought to better understand at what point in the player development process did aspiring professional hockey players learn of, as well as consent to, ice hockey’s unwritten rules. How this process occurred was also under examination. While some research had been conducted relative to the development of unwritten rules within sport, little research to date had focused on ice hockey’s unwritten rules and none had focused on the factors associated with their development. Research in other sport areas has indicated that knowledge and consent of unwritten rules is expected in the development of a professional athlete. As …
New England's Retail Landscape: An Analysis Of The County-Level Retail Restructuring, 1998 To 2008, Christopher J. Rappa
New England's Retail Landscape: An Analysis Of The County-Level Retail Restructuring, 1998 To 2008, Christopher J. Rappa
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
Parent Education Trainings For Youth Sports: A Look Into Administrators Feelings About Need For Trainings, Christopher W. Woodside
Parent Education Trainings For Youth Sports: A Look Into Administrators Feelings About Need For Trainings, Christopher W. Woodside
Master's Theses
No abstract provided.
The Morally Contaminating (And Motivating) Influence Of Hate Groups In The U.S., Andrew L. Stewart
The Morally Contaminating (And Motivating) Influence Of Hate Groups In The U.S., Andrew L. Stewart
Master's Theses
A growth in the number of hate groups that operate in the United States over the past decade counters many researchers’ claims that overt prejudice and discrimination no longer have influence. In this thesis, we explore how people react with moral outrage and moral cleansing toward hate groups’ moral transgressions of racial egalitarianism—a strong sacred value among those who desire group-based equality. Across two experiments, we find that people perceive hate groups as immoral social agents, and people express moral outrage against them. We also find that people who were morally contaminated by hate groups (i.e., by being led to …
Effect Of Distress, Referral Source, And Pressure To Attend Therapy On Motivation To Change, Lyn E. Moore
Effect Of Distress, Referral Source, And Pressure To Attend Therapy On Motivation To Change, Lyn E. Moore
Master's Theses
Psychotherapy is an effective form of treatment, yet difficulties with engagement and dropout continue to plague the field. Poor outcomes are more likely to be achieved by poorly motivated clients and those who are mandated to attend therapy (Prochaska, DiClemente, & Norcross, 1992). This study examined links between motivation to change, initial levels of distress, referral source, and pressure to attend therapy in a sample of 587 individuals who attended therapy at a university-based counseling center in the Northeast. Results indicated a relationship between distress and motivation to change as well as a link between the perceived pressure felt by …