Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Playing Devil’S Advocate: A Conceptual Replication Of Hirt Et Al. (2003), Bresh Merino, Ed Munnich, Milo Martinez

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In the field of psychology, it is important that we foster unbiased judgments in our students and encourage them to engage with material on a critical level. The proposed study is a conceptual replication of Hirt et al. (2003), investigating whether considering alternative hypotheses about the results reduces explanation and overconfidence biases for questions about psychological research. Our proposed replication will also consider whether the benefits of counterfactual thinking were transferable, meaning once individuals are prompted to think counterfactually in one domain, they should show reduced biases when considering an unrelated domain. If these debiasing effects generalize to psychological information, …

Cruise Ship Ports And Human Capital Development The Case Of Mexico, Jorge Herrera

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The cruise ship industry, the fastest-growing segment in the leisure travel market, has contributed significantly to the economic transformation of developing countries, particularly in the Caribbean Basin. This paper applies a difference-in-differences methodology to examine the causal impact of the introduction of cruise ship ports on human capital development in Mexico, as reflected by educational attainment. Using variations in school enrollment, segregated by gender and age across states and municipalities, I find that the economic consequences derived from this form of tourism do not translate into incremental, permanent improvements in all quality of life indicators considered, most saliently in schooling. …

Nutrient Dynamics Of The San Francisco Estuary, Kirsten Wong, Rhea Quezon

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Over the last few decades, the San Francisco Estuary has experienced a decline in primary productivity that has resulted in the scarcity of food at higher trophic levels. Previous literature has attributed this decline in primary productivity to the increased grazing of the invasive clam, Potamocorbula amurensis. However, there have been occasions of phytoplankton blooms during times of high P. amurensis abundance. This conundrum has been deemed the “clam paradox.” Through a literature review, we have investigated that increased clam grazing is not solely responsible for the decline of primary productivity. Rather, the NH4 excreted from P. amurensis combined with …

Why Not Both: A Qualitative Analysis Of Alternative Outcomes, Megan Schneider, Dana-Lis Bittner, Milo Martinez, Bresh Merino, Wilson Cobb

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Scientific thinking relies on consideration of alternative possible outcomes to research. We considered whether 1. engaging with psychological research results—some of which were surprising—in a learning phase transferred to consideration of alternative outcomes for a different set of research studies in a test phase, and 2. whether transfer was heightened by predicting results before learning the actual outcomes (foresight), as opposed to indicating what one would have predicted after learning the actual outcomes (hindsight). One indication of transfer would be decreased confidence in the outcome one believed to be true, but we did not observe this trend. However, we did …

Navigating Relationships: The Influences On Female Asian American Women, Monica Reyes

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The purpose of this study is to understand the experiences of female Asian American’s dating interracially and to gain insight into how they navigate dating. The study asked the following research questions: RQ1: What are female Asian American’s dating preferences today? RQ2: How do Asian Americans talk about any outside influences (e.g. family, friends, cultural expectations) that affect their decisions to date interracially? To answer the research questions, 3 female Asian American college students who have dated interracially were interviewed. Findings indicated that a person's personality overpowers their looks when it comes to who female Asian American women choose to …

The Materialization And Complexity Of Silk Road, Meryem Gurel

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This research study examines the materialization and complexity of the Silk Road by comparing of the ancient Silk Road and China’s Belt and Road Initiative within the scope of silk trade. The purpose of this study is to examine how today’s Belt and Road is different than the ancient Silk Road. The research pursues a multi-method project through archival source, complexity data, and interviews with scholars. The findings demonstrates that although there are inspirations, the current Silk Road is more related to China’s national development. As a result, the Belt and Road initiative pursues a development path as government purpose …

The Reality Behind The Fantasy Of K-Dramas: An Analysis Of Indian Fans, Neha Cariappa

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Most South Korean dramas provide an outlet from everyday life into an illusive world of romance. This research aims to evaluate the impact that Korean dramas have on its viewers abroad and how K-dramas alter personal opinions on various topics like beauty, romantic partners, and relationships. For this project, I have chosen Indian fans to examine how fans tend to possess idealized perceptions about South Korea, Korean men, and romance in general, based on the fantasy that K-dramas present, which have both positive and negative influences on their personal lives. The reach of South Korean soft power among young Indians …

The Application Of Biracial And Monoracial Asian American Stereotypes, Tyler Rydeen, Isabelle Moore

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Previous research suggests that the biracial stereotype (across all biracial groups) consists of the following characteristics: biracial people are unusually good looking and they struggle to fit in (Skinner, Perry, & Gaither, 2019). This general biracial struggle to fit in has been also described as “confused over their identity” and has been attributed as the reason for why they are judged as less trustworthy, less socially accepted (Chelsey & Wagner, 2013), loyal to their group (Albuja, Sanchez, Gaither, 2017), and socially awkward (Remedios, Chasteen, & Oey, 2012) and less warm (Sanchez & Bonam, 2009) than their monoracial peers. Compared to …

How Do Children And Adolescents Reason About Excluding An Unhelpful In-Group Member?, Sabrina Ortiz, Madison Badua, Alizée Jean Jacques

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Past research indicates children and adolescents reason about excluding ingroup members by referencing concerns for how the group functions (Hitti, Mulvey, Rutland, Abrams, & Killen, 2013). Less is known about how children and adolescents reason about exclusion of ingroup members whose actions come at a cost to one’s own group. The current study examined reasoning for excluding an ingroup member who helps an outgroup at varying levels of need for each group. / The current study examined 189 responses from 4th and 8th graders, using three scenarios of varying need for water when on a camping trip: 1) in-group needs …

“Doing My Own Thing”: How First-Generation College Students Communicate Their College Experience With Their Parents, Cristina Cirelli

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to achieve an in-depth understanding of how first-generation college students communicate their college experience with their parents. This phenomenological study recruited participants through convenience sampling from a private university located in Northern California. Six participants were each interviewed for 30-minutes in a neutral setting and a semi-structured interview guide was used to ask open-ended questions about their experience. The results found that students prioritize what they want to discuss with their parents, and the more interest parents express, the more likely the students are to provide detailed information about their experience. However, when …

Attitudes And Perspectives Towards Undocumented Immigration In The United States, Nicole Morgan

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Undocumented immigration has been a historically controversial political topic in the United States and under the Trump Administration. This study aims to look at attitudes towards immigration in the context of whether perception is related to ethnicity or rests on moral belief. It is hypothesized that individuals who score more conservative on the Moral Foundations Questionnaire (MFQ) are more likely to reflect more anti-immigration beliefs than individuals who score more liberal. It is expected that individuals who have read the Mexican vignette will reflect more anti-immigration beliefs than individuals who have read the Swedish vignette or ethnically ambiguous vignette.

Disillusioning The Illusion Of Choice: A Rogerian Approach On Electoral College Reform, Mei Lin

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The Electoral College is used by the United States of America to elect the president every four years. It has been amended and updated several times; however, it remains an extremely convoluted and outdated system. Four presidencies were the product of incongruent elections –– the candidate won the electoral college but lost the popular vote –– and each of these presidencies resulted in immense consequences. Reforming the current electoral college will be difficult, but it is extremely vital and necessary. The American election system must be restructured so that it may fairly and adequately represent the voices of its citizens.

Cda: Glitz & Glam Of Youtube, Haley Enriquez

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My analysis demonstrates a critical discourse analysis by taking a closer look at a textual analysis of two videos of two very different Youtube beauty influencers. My main goal was to find main themes that could potentially correspond with the level of success that these two influencers have reached. My findings connect with my literature review as we know that formulaic expressions and constructing an identity are two very important mechanics that play into the behind the scenes blueprint of how a makeup tutorial usually looks. With my two main themes being presentation of self and self promotion, my themes …

Social Play And The Development Of Temperament In Juvenile Belding’S Ground Squirrels (Urocitellus Beldingi), James Hurst-Hopf

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We evaluated the hypothesis that social play behavior influences the development of temperament in young animals, using docility as a measure of temperament. We observed the play behavior of juvenile Belding’s ground squirrels (Urocitellus beldingi) during the developmental period in which play primarily occurs, and conducted behavioral tests measuring docility at the beginning and end of the play interval. Tests involved handling squirrels and recording their responses. Body mass was a reliable predictor of docility at the beginning of the play period. Rates of social play and maximum distances traveled from the natal burrow during the play interval were reliable …

Children Weigh Need And Level Of Disloyalty When Evaluating Disloyal In-Group Members, Lily Samiee, Valentin Gulyas, Jacquelyn Glidden, Angelica Buneno

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The current study extends existing literature about children's views regarding the moral obligation of group loyalty. Findings indicate that children think loyalty to one’s group is not obligatory, and helping one’s out-group is sometimes a moral necessity, however not when it comes at a high cost to one’s in-group.

Moral Obligation And Evaluating Group Disloyalty Among Children, Valentin Gulyas, Lily L. Samiee, Angelica Bueno, Jacquelyn Gildden

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Research on children’s moral obligation has shown that children ages 8 to 13 years believe it is a moral obligation to help the out-group in high need conditions (Sierksma, Thijs, Verkuyten, 2014). In these high need situations, children feel morally expected to offer help independent of group membership. Less is known about children’s’ moral obligation to the out-group in varying contexts and in situations of varying threat to the in-group (Nesdale, Maass, Durken, & Griffiths, 2005). The current study investigates moral obligation to the in-group and out-group in three contexts (disloyalty via psychological harm to the in-group, disloyalty via physical …

Female Risk Aversion: Experimental Evidence In Myanmar, Okkar Mandalay

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While literature shows that female risk tolerance is generally lower than males, it can also be the same as male's under different contexts and types of rewards. We conducted an experiment in Myanmar using a lottery selection method to measure risk over five consecutively paid rounds. We find 1) teenage females are more responsive than adult females to the type of incentive. 2) female risk tolerance matches that of males under cash and school supplies, but fall behind under department store gift card. 3) over five rounds, adult female behavior is most distinct from other groups.

Females Are More Accepting Of Intimate Partner Violence Than Males, Internationally, Anna R. Eckenrode

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What factors shift the social norms of acceptance of intimate partner violence within couples? I address this broad question using global Demographic Health Survey (DHS) data on attitudes toward intimate partner violence. Much of the existing research in this field only examines female acceptance without analyzing the dynamics within a couple. I determine females are more accepting of intimate partner violence than males, regardless of cultural context and time, in an exploration of new stylized facts. I find existing theory and conclusions about female acceptance of violence can be expanded on when considering total male acceptance levels within a couple. …

Using Monetary Incentives To Motivate Female Entrepreneurs In Abuja, Nigeria, Imuetinyan Aiguwurhuo

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Gender gaps in entrepreneurship are a major problem everywhere, but especially in developing countries like Nigeria. Women across the world face high levels of discrimination. The process of empowering women in a society has the potential to boost economic growth and development. Inspired by the success of the Family Independence Initiative (FII), we designed a field experiment to estimate the impact of using monetary incentives to motivate female entrepreneurs in achieving their goals in collaboration with the National Center for Women development (NCWD) in Abuja, Nigeria

Korean-Ness: Creating And Embracing New Identities Through Language And Culture, Damon Dohe, Daniel Shin

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Technological advances in communications and transportation have unlocked new pathways for mobilizing transnational flows of people, information, and culture. The cyber-networked landscape in which we now live has enabled a pluralistic existence, no longer restricted to singular definitions of citizenship, identity, and cultural membership. In the era of the internet and globalization, the world is often said to be “shrinking.” However, instead of a smaller or simpler world, our project illustrates far more layered and complex relationships and positionalities. This multi-sited research project focuses on the ways in which Korean immigrants and Korean Americans use language to establish cultural networks, …

An Evaluation Of Constitutional Implementation In Kenya, Frances Mcevoy

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This paper seeks to find what impact Kenya’s new Constitution and its implementation had on citizen political participation since promulgation. Using a framework developed from Robert Dahl, it finds the Constitution and constitutional implementation positively affected citizen political participation in the first five years of implementation. The Constitution secured the citizens’ right of participation and made citizen political participation part of most governing institutions. Constitutional implementation improved citizens access to participation in three key areas: voting, elections, and responsive institutions.

The Effects Of Racial/Ethnic And Gender Discrimination On College Students' Self-Esteem, Elizabeth Silva, Colin Silverthorne Phd

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College-aged participants (N=239, 57 men and 182 women) completed two measures, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale—assessing global self-esteem, and the Everyday Discrimination Scale (EDS)—assessing their perceptions of discrimination based on racial/ethnic stereotypes and/or gender stereotypes. The first hypothesis was that negative racial/ethnic discrimination would have a negative impact on self-esteem. The second hypothesis was that negative gender discrimination would negatively impact an individual’s self-esteem.

Results on the EDS showed that men had more experiences with perceived discrimination than women (t(239)=2.41, pF(4, 234) = 4.275, p = 0.01). A significant negative correlation was found between the two measures, ( …

Therapy Outcomes: Difference Between Latino And Non-Latino Foster Youth, Alicia G. Escobedo, Corie E. Schwabenland, Rosana M. Aguilar, Saralyn Ruff

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Children in foster care experience a range of psychological symptoms due to their experiences with maltreatment. Latinos are a growing population within foster care, reflective of their growing numbers in the United States. Latinos often do not seek out mental health services and many face obstacles related to language, transportation, and lack of family support.

The current study describes treatment parameters of Latino and non-Latino foster youth receiving long-term, pro-bono psychotherapy through a non-profit. Telephone interviews were completed with the youths’ therapists at the start and end of treatment. Among the completed cases, nine were identified as Latino patients. An …

The Complex Relationship Between College-Aged Youngest Siblings And Their Older Siblings, Megan Busch

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Extensive research has been conducted on the sibling relationship and the complex dynamics that make them up. However, little research has been done on adult siblings and how their relationship with their siblings has changed over the course of their lives. Thus, the purpose of this study is to describe the experiences of youngest siblings, specifically college-aged siblings, and how their relationship with their older siblings has changed over time. I interviewed six college students between the ages of 19-20 and each participant had at least two older siblings. Overall results indicated that age of the siblings have an impact …

The Effects Of Bargaining Power And Health Information On Biofortified Food Acceptance In Ghana, Chinonso E. Etumnu

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This paper investigates the effects of bargaining power and health information on consumer acceptance of biofortified orange-fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) using data from a choice experiment conducted in Ghana. I find that intra-household bargaining power proxies of education, personal contribution to household income and amount of land owned as a group, has a negative effect on consumer acceptance of OFSP. Conversely, providing consumers with information about the nutritional benefits of OFSP exert a positive effect on their acceptance of the produce. Providing nutritional information thus appears to be more crucial in the successful introduction of OFSP and other biofortified foods.

From Building Vocabulary To Talking About Family Traditions Together: Discussions On The Facebook Group “Hoisan Phrases 學講台山話”, Melissa Chen, Genevieve Leung

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This poster focuses on online discourses of an online Facebook group - “Hoisan Phrases.” “Hoisan Phrases” is used to construct positive ideologies about Hoisan-wa. Using multicompetence and symbolic competence frameworks, these online interactions are sites where Hoisan-wa speakers engage in the ability “to perform and construct various historicities in dialogue with others” (Kramsch & Whiteside). Humor serves as a way of moving beyond negative ideologies of Hoisan-wa. Data comes from a corpus of three years’ worth of posts. The data demonstrates a re-envisioning of the way we view Hoisan-wa vis-à-vis online communication, and expands the domains of language use.

Stigma, Abuse, And Hate Crimes: Effects On Mental Health In Transgender Population, Daisy Guerra

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A comprehensive literature review that examines the ways in which stressors unique to the LGBT population affect transgender mental health. Specifically this paper will explore stigma, and various forms of abuse that contribute to depression, substance abuse, and risky sexual behavior in the transgender community.

Religiousness, Coping, And Social Support Predict Well-Being Among Cancer Patients, Kathleen Shelton, Manpreet Narwal, John Pérez

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The purpose of this study was to explore the association between intrinsic religious motivation (IRM), coping styles, social support, and well-being among cancer patients. IRM refers to the internalization of faith as the primary motive in a person’s life. Previous research has established a correlation between IRM and well-being; however, little is known about the role of coping style s and social support in this relationship. The sample included 179 predominantly white, Christian, female patients with stage II through IV cancer. We used a cross- sectional, correlational design with self-report measures of the constructs. We hypothesized that higher levels of …

A Place To Call Home: The Acceptance And Denial Of Burmese Refugees, Alexandra Craig

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For more than 25 years Burma has been experiencing a refugee crisis due to the military government’s excessive human rights violations. The argument for not accepting refugees often prioritizes the economic troubles that a country can face when taking care of refugees. Meanwhile, those who prioritize humanitarianism often appeal to human morals and argue that refugees should be accepted wherever they need to in order to be safe. This project ultimately focuses on whether Burmese refugees should be accepted into the surrounding countries or if countries should be able to deny refuge within their borders.

Verbal Abuse In Romantic Relationships, Anne F. Weltner

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In this qualitative study, six participants aged 19 to 71 were interviewed regarding the evolution between past verbally abusive relationships to their current romantic relationship. The findings showed that verbal abuse is destructive and can undermine one's self-worth. It also determined that reflecting on one's experience can better prepare them for finding healthy relationships and in order to maintain a healthy relationship with their current partner, communication and compromise is crucial.