Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Circumventing Spatio-Numeric Biases Through Non-Numeric Assessments Of Perceived Causal Strength, Daniel William Czarnowski

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Knowledge of cause and effect allows individuals to meaningfully interpret the events they perceive in the world, and the understanding of causality is thought to be grounded in the understanding of forces (Wolf, Ritter, & Holmes, 2014). Previous research has linked handedness with both the ability to exert force (e.g., Linkenauger et al., 2005) and causal learning (e.g., Goedert & Czarnowski, 2017). Historically, number lines have been used to assess causality, but because handedness has a strong spatial element, SNARC effects may influence judgments (Fias, 1996). The current experiment replicates previous work by Goedert and Czarnowski (2017) but changes the …

Law Enforcement Employees’ Perceptions Of Performance Appraisals In A Medium-Size, Suburban Police Department, Christopher C. Zimmerman

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to investigate how police officers in a medium-size, suburban police department perceived performance appraisals and the effects of performance appraisals on job satisfaction and job performance. This study also examined the impacts of job satisfaction and job performance on organizations. One-on-one participant interviews were conducted, and thematic coding was utilized to capture the dominant themes associated with the police officers’ perceptions of performance appraisals. Twelve police officers from a medium-size, suburban police department in New Jersey participated in the study, and their anonymity was maintained to elicit transparent responses. This dissertation was …

The Effect Of Rem Sleep Deprivation On Spatial Memory In Male And Female Rats, Kaitlyn Heywood

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

It is important for an organism to excel in spatial memory abilities. An organism’s survival is dependent on their ability to navigate through their environment to find resources, such as food and water, while being able to navigate home safely. With how important it is to navigate an environment safely, it is important to investigate things that impact spatial memory, such as rapid eye movement (REM) sleep deprivation. Sleep research has primarily utilized male rodents to model sleep disturbances studies which cannot be easily studied in human participants. Research has been divided on whether four hours of REM sleep deprivation …

Social Transmission Of Ethanol Preference In A Sign-Tracking Paradigm, Pat Severino

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The Observer/ Demonstrator Effect suggests that rats can socially obtain preferences for novel foods/drugs by interacting with experienced conspecifics. Sign-tracking is a paradigm which uses a conditioning procedure to evoke compulsive-like behaviors directed towards a tangible conditioned stimulus (CS) paired with a motivating unconditioned stimulus (US). The present study investigated the possibility that increased alcohol use results from the combination of socially transmitted cues and the kind of conditioning effect seen in sign-tracking procedures. Therefore, it was hypothesized that social exposure to an alcohol-experienced conspecific would summate with the conditioning experience and increase the sign-tracking of a bottle CS containing …

Black Middle Class Parental Investment In Their Children's Higher Education, Michael George Flanigan

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The persistent negative racial disparity in the higher educational achievement of Black students in the United States has societal implications for employment, income trajectory, home ownership, and wealth accumulation. It is widely accepted that parental investment is crucial across all races in enhancing the academic performance of students and, ultimately, facilitating intergenerational socioeconomic progress. Although numerous studies have looked at the ways in which parents invest, a paucity of research has examined how Black middle-class parents engage in preparing their children for higher education. This narrative study explores how Black middle-class parents perceive the value of college, their understanding of …

Suspicion At Work: The Impact On Counterproductive And Citizenship Behaviors, Johanna Capitano, Quinn W. Cunningham

Organization Management Journal

The purpose of this research was to examine the impact of state suspicion in the workplace, specifically, employee suspicion of managers, on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Data were obtained from a cross-sectional survey of 251 working adults (Study 1) and a vignette randomized experiment of 219 working adults (Study 2). Findings indicate that employees suspicious of their managers are more likely to engage in CWB and less likely to engage in OCB. These findings may help to focus practitioners’ attention on reducing workplace suspicion through open communication. Additionally, this research integrates the stressor–emotion model and …

Counterproductive Work Behaviors Toward Organization And Leader-Member Exchange: The Mediating Roles Of Emotional Exhaustion And Work Engagement, Mariana Lebron, Filiz Tabak, Or Shkoler, Edna Rabenu

Organization Management Journal

In this article, we develop and empirically test a model of antecedents of organizational counterproductive work behavior (CWB-O) specifying work engagement and emotional exhaustion as mediators of the relationship between leader–member exchange (LMX) and CWB-O. Our results show (a) that the relationship between LMX and organizational CWB-O is partially mediated by work engagement and (b) that the relationship between work engagement and CWB-O is partially mediated by emotional exhaustion. We discuss our findings and their implications for research and practice.

Exploring How Learning Style Relates To General And Career Management Self-Efficacy Beliefs In A Managerial Context, Yoshitaka Yamazaki, Michiko Toyama, Roby Syaiful Ubed

Organization Management Journal

This study examined how learning style relates to self-efficacy beliefs in a managerial context. To make a theoretical frame, the study relied on Kolb’s experiential learning theory and a model of self-efficacy–performance relationship proposed by Gist and Mitchell. The study analyzed not only general efficacy but also specific efficacy focused on career management. Participants of this study consisted of 235 managers who worked for the Ministry of Finance in Indonesia. Results showed that managers’ learning orientation towards abstract conceptualization over concrete experience was associated with increased self-efficacy beliefs, whereas an orientation towards active experimentation over reflective observation was associated with …

Does Employee Age Moderate The Association Between Hr Practices And Organizational Commitment? An Application Of Soc Theory To Organizational Behavior, Michael M. Mackay

Organization Management Journal

Drawing hypotheses from Selective Optimization with Compensation theory (SOC), we explored the degree to which employee age moderates the relationship between employees’ satisfaction with high-commitment human resource practices (HCHRPs; e.g., providing training, work–life balance) and organizational commitment. Customer-facing employees (N = 6,360) from an international transportation company completed the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) and rated their satisfaction with various HCHRPs offered by their organization. Results show that although there was a strong overall correlation between organizational commitment and satisfaction with various HCHRPs (r = .66), employee age was a significant moderator of only the relationships between organizational commitment and maintenance-related …

Téacsúil Fionnachtain, Alan B. Delozier

Critical Inquiries Into Irish Studies

“Textual Discovery,” by the Seton Hall University Library Archivist, Alan Delozier, is presented to pique interest in the obscure, yet unique works in Irish language, literature, and history that have been largely forgotten over time. Articles will cover different subject areas, authors, themes, and eras related to the depth and consequence of the Gaeilge experience in its varied forms.

Investigating Equity : An Evaluation Of The Relationship Of The Ncaa’S Apr Metric On Similarly Resourced Historically Black And Predominantly White Ncaa Division-I Colleges And Universities, Ryan J.R. Westman

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

In 2003, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) launched the Academic Performance Program (APP) as a means of measuring institutional accountability of academic outcomes for Division I member institutions. One of the two metrics used to define academic effectiveness is the Academic Progress Rate (APR) metric, immediately drew considerable criticism for its penalty structure, which disproportionately impacted colleges and universities with lesser resources. As time progressed, these penalties almost exclusively were distributed among the poorest institutions in Division I, which is heavily represented by the nation’s most prominent Historically Black Colleges and Universities. These penalty trends begged the question of …

Examining Mental Health Stigma Among Doctoral-Level Healthcare Providers: The Impact Of Burnout, Therapeutic Optimism, Experience In The Field, And Gender On Attitudes Toward Patients With Mental Illness, Lindsay Blevins

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This study sought to discover differences in mental health stigma among doctoral-level healthcare providers. Previous research has found high levels of stigma among healthcare professionals and has often reported differences between non-mental health professionals and mental health practitioners (Bjorkman, Angelman, & Jönsson, 2008; Hori, Richards, Kawamoto, & Kunugi, 2011; Peris, Teachman, & Nosek, 2008). Most of the current literature has grouped many different levels of providers together, which makes it difficult to distinguish between the specific specialties and training models to determine if these factors impact stigma. Additionally, few studies have examined the connections between stigma and burnout or therapeutic …

Black Americans’ Social Action Engagement In Their Racial Community: Examining The Roles Of Sociopolitical Control, Critical Reflection, And Racial Centrality, Debeka Bennett

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Black Americans have been engaged in sociopolitical action since their involuntary enslavement in the United States beginning in the 16th century. Blacks have made significant strides in attempting to eradicate and bring awareness to social inequities experienced due to their race. However, not all individuals of African descent engage in sociopolitical behaviors for Black communities. Prior literature has attempted to assess factors that influence Blacks to engage in sociopolitical action but did not examine all the variables assessed in this study in one cohesive model. Therefore, this study aimed to examine Black Americans’ sociopolitical control and their engagement in social …

The People We Like: Do Introversion-Extroversion And Commitment Affect Evaluation Of Potential Partners?, Naquan Ross

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The present study assessed whether similarity of a hypothetical partner on Introversion-Extroversion, along with partner preference for long-term or short-term relationships, might vary according to participants’ own Introversion-Extroversion. MANOVA results suggest three important points. First, ratings by extrovert participants showed higher levels of romantic interest for extroverted, rather than introverted, hypothetical partners; introvert participants’ ratings did not differ between introvert and extrovert partners on this dimension. Second, the similarity of the participant and the hypothetical partner on Introversion-Extroversion appeared to influence interpersonal interest, romantic interest, and commitment potential. Last, the partner’s commitment level may drive participants’ non-platonic interest and potential …

The Truthiness Effect: The Influence Of Nonprobative Photos On Truth Judgments, Laura N. Mangus

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Truthiness is used to describe a person’s instinctive and rapid judgment about the truth of a claim, with no regard to logic or fact. Recent research has shown that a photo can influence a person to believe a claim is true, even if the photo used is non-probative. This effect is hypothesized to occur because photographs make claims easier to process while also enabling one to retrieve related thoughts and images to mind, which can then be mistaken for familiarity and truth (Newman, Garry, Bernstein, Kantner, & Lindsay, 2012). Cognitive load and response time manipulation were factors that had not …

Dispositional Mindfulness And Positive Psychological Processes In Older Adults: Executive Functioning, Positive Reappraisal And Meaning In Life., Kristen Wesbecher

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Although dispositional mindfulness has been associated with positive outcomes in the broader mental health literature, less is known about dispositional mindfulness in older adults as it relates to factors important in successful aging, such as meaning in life. This study investigated the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and meaning in life, while taking into consideration older adults’ available cognitive resources and use positive reappraisal. The primary purpose of this study was to determine if the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and meaning in life was mediated by executive function and positive reappraisal. Additionally, this study examined the moderation effect of perceived level …

Cooperative And Competitive Priming Impacts Participatory Environmental Action, Daniel Curtin

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent in today’s psychological research. Some researchers identify cooperation as a possible underlying facilitator of proenvironmental values, or proenvironmentalism. However, previous studies had not directly addressed how manipulating cooperation and competition could influence environmentalism. This study addressed this gap in previous literature by cooperatively, competitively, or neutrally priming participants and comparing their respective environmental attitudes, environmental actions, and environmental identities. 155 participants were recruited from introductory psychology classes at Seton Hall University. Participants were randomly placed into one of three conditions and primed by writing a short passage regarding a significant personal experience acting either …

Creating A Culture Of Engagement In Business Schools, Devin Lunt, Larry Chonko, Lisa A. Burke-Smalley

Organization Management Journal

Business schools, in the face of various external pressures, are confronted with the daunting challenge of better engaging their constituents to achieve their learning mission. We call for engagement to play a unifying role in a business school’s culture. We incorporate relevant learning, marketing and change management concepts to first present conceptual tenets underlying our engagement model including co-creation of learning and students as works-in-progress. We then propose a plan for creating a culture of engagement in business schools to advance their learning mission, which broadly involves students, faculty, alumni, employers and administrators. The tactical plan is presented in four …

Outcomes Assessment In A Capstone Management Course: Engaging Multiple Stakeholders, Melissa J. Knott, Jeanie M. Forray, Claire E. Regan

Organization Management Journal

In this article, we present a program assurance of learning method (“RealTest”) that engages multiple stakeholders in a one-day assessment center (AC) design integrated into our management majors’ capstone course. In addition to involving graduating seniors, department faculty, and College of Business administrators, the day-long process engages individuals from the local business community and alumni who serve as assessors (“coaches”) for the activities included. During the RealTest experience, we collect data for use in our program review’s process for continuous improvement of the curriculum and provide career networking opportunities for the participants. We share data from several years’ worth of …

Mending The Gaps: An Exercise In Identifying And Understanding Diverse And Multicultural Team Faultlines, Susan D. Baker, Samina M. Saifuddin, Susan Stites-Doe

Organization Management Journal

The Faultlines Exercise, an experiential activity, introduces students to concepts of diversity attributes (surface and deep levels), social identity, and team faultlines. Through individual reflection and team discussion, students apply these concepts to their own diverse multicultural class teams with the goals of (a) preventing negative outcomes that may develop from faultlines and (b) improving team performance. Plenary class discussions reinforce key learning points that can be applied to teamwork throughout the course. Students in both face-to-face and online classes report that the exercise helps improve team performance and helps to identify and resolve problems. Instructions for facilitating classroom discussion …

Leading In The Real World: Operationalizing A Power-Based Model Of Collaboration For Leadership Experiential Learning, Mariana J. Lebron, Filiz Tabak

Organization Management Journal

Using a power-based conceptual framework, we present a collaboration model to guide faculty and student affairs (SA) staff in working together to develop experiential learning assignments that help students apply leadership concepts to on-campus organizational problems. The PowerBased Student-Centered Collaboration Model (PSCM) consists of four stages through which faculty, SA staff, leadership course students, and student organization leaders operationalize their legitimate, coercive, expert, reward, and informational power in sharing resources for mutually beneficial student-centered learning experiences. Power structures provide coordinating mechanisms for information-exchange, decision-making, and role clarification in team-based collaborations. Using the PSCM, we developed a 6-week assignment Leading in …

Rural Military Couples Transitioning Post Deployment: A Phenomenological Study, Jeffrey Goulding

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

There is no shortage of research and commentary on the difficulties and stressors that result from military combat deployment. The mental, emotional and physical consequences for the deployed soldier are well documented. The struggles faced by their family that stays behind also have a healthy base of research detailing their experience. Less attention has been paid to the impact that these deployments have on their community and even less on the community’s impact on the soldier and their family. While rural towns contribute a large number of military personnel nationwide, the deployment experience of the rural couple is not well …

The Relationship Between Executive Function, Hope, And Depression In Older Adults, Brittney Fallucca

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, by 2030, the population of individuals 65 years of age or older is expected to be close to 70 million people, or 20% of the country’s population. This creates a substantial demand as well as opportunity for prevention on medical and health care providers, because individuals in this population are at an increased risk of significant changes in cognitive and mental health. Decline in executive functioning skills is one of the most prevalent changes to affect older adults. Furthermore, depression is strongly associated with impairment in executive functioning, and both …

The Relationship Between The Strong Black Woman Archetype And Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help In Intimate Partner Violence Relationships Among African American Women, Monica S. Young

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a serious issue that can affect not only women’s lives, but also their health (Wong & Mellor, 2014). Research has shown that the psychological effects of IPV can significantly influence women’s attitudes towards help-seeking, but, for Black women, the effects of racial discrimination can further complicate this. Research has also highlighted the underutilization of professional mental health services as an area of great concern in the African American communities. It is believed that some of the reluctance on the part of African American women to seek services for themselves is deeply rooted in the historical …

Police Officer Perspectives On Public Views Of Police, Current Events Involving Police, And The Impact On Police-Community Relationships, Donjae Catanzariti

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

The media has presented current tensions between police officers and the communities they serve, particularly the Black community. These tensions have led to calls for reforms in law enforcement and the criminal justice system. However, there has been little focus on the police perspective. Thus, this study sought to address the gaps in the literature by shedding light on the perspective of police officers through the following research question: a) How do police officers perceive the public’s view of them? b) How do police officers’ think the public’s view of them impacts the relationship between police officers and the communities …

A Study Of Transformational Leadership Practices To Police Officers' Job Satisfaction And Organizational Commitment, John P. Decker

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This study is based upon Bass and Riggio’s (2006) Augmentation Model on Transactional and Transformational Leadership, in which this quantitative study sought to identify the amount of variance in police officer job satisfaction and organizational commitment that can be explained by police chiefs’ transformational leadership behaviors above and beyond the influence of transactional behaviors. A total of 166 police officers were surveyed in five central New Jersey police departments in relation to their job satisfaction and organizational commitment, as well as the leadership behaviors in which their police chiefs engaged, utilizing Bass and Avolio’s (2004) Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X). This …

From Teaching To The Best Seller List: How The Educational System Drives The Publishing Market And Vice Versa, Kai D. Alexander

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Certain outdated canonical texts have played a huge part in the oppression of minorities and women (Platt), and within the last 20 years or so, research has shown that these “difficult” texts do nothing to help foster a healthy thirst for knowledge outside of the classroom. My purpose is to demonstrate how the educational system – in particular, how reading and writing are taught from elementary school up until college – drives the publishing market, and thus, causes texts like Twilight to sit alongside the best seller list with To Kill a MockingBird. I will argue that there is …

Emotional Tweeters: What Causes Individuals To React During A Crisis? A Mixed-Methodological Analysis Examining Crisis Response Tweets To The 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School Shooting, Gabriel John Fiore Iii

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

All entities and individuals can use, design or generate content appealing to emotions to maximize message saturation, audience reach, and engagement on Twitter during a crisis. The purpose of this study was to identify which specific emotion(s) yielded the highest engagement during the 2018 Stoneman Douglas High School Shooting. Specifically, tweets conveying the emotional appeals of fear, anger, empathy, and advocacy were measured in terms of average likes, retweets, replies, and overall engagement using a content analysis and the constant comparative method. Results revealed which emotional appeal(s) yield the most likes, retweets, replies, and overall engagement with tweets.

The Immediate And Long-Lasting Cognitive Consequences Of Adolescent Chronic Sleep Restriction, Kerry Howard

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

Adolescence is a critical developmental period. An important change that occurs in adolescence is the neurological maturation for adult-type cognitive abilities. Research has linked adequate sleep quantity to successful learning and memory capabilities. However, due to a shift in sleep timing drive in adolescence, in combination with early awakening for school, the adolescent population is experiencing chronic sleep restriction (CSR). What repercussions to long-term memory capabilities could CSR in adolescence have immediately and are the consequences long-lasting? The present study modeled human adolescent CSR in rats through four hours of sleep deprivation for five days, followed by two days of …

Black Mothers' Counter-Narratives Of Agency: A Pulse On Racism And Parent Involvement Strategies In Twenty First Century Schools, Sharnee N. Brown

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

This qualitative study examined African American mothers’ perceptions of their children’s schools (public, charter, and private) within the context of institutional, structural, and individual racism. Employing qualitative techniques, interviews and focus groups of middle to lower working class Black mothers were conducted to explore their lived experiences with individual, institutional, and structural racism within American schools. The goal of this study was to learn how these mothers make meaning of the educational institutions that serve their children, the racial barriers they encountered and the strategies of contestation they employed in order to address these perceived barriers.

The results of the …