Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Impact Of Evs On Global Warming, Deweender Sharvin Sethu, Ho Kai Sheng, Khalish Marican

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

This research aims to define the relationship between electric vehicles (EVs) and the total CO2 emissions of the world. The research question is “does the transition to EVs actually make an impact on the total CO2 emissions”. The dependent variable for this research is the total carbon emissions of 195 countries from 1990 to 2019. This secondary data is obtained from the World Bank. The key independent variable used is the total number of Tesla EVs sold in each country from 1990 to 2019. We use Tesla as the company has an exceptionally high market share in the EV market. …

Test Taking Tips, Zoey Hart, Triniti Joy, Samdine Murray, Conor Reilly

University Student Success UNIV 101

• Introduction
• Weeks Before
• What Kind of Test?
• Cramming
• Pretest
• Study Group
• Night Before the Test
• Morning of the Test
• Test Anxiety
• Test Taking Strategies
• Multiple Choice
• True or False
• Open Ended
• Works Cited

Meteor Radar Vertical Wind Observation Biases And Mathematical Debiasing Strategies Including The 3dvar+Div Algorithm, Alan Z. Liu, Zishun Qiao, Gunter Stober, Alexander Kozlovsky, Ales Kuchar, Christoph Jacobi, Chris Meek, Diego Janches, Guiping Liu, Masaki Tsutsumi, Njål Gulbrandsen, Satonori Nozawa, Mark Lester, Evgenia Belova, Johan Kero, Nicholas Mitchell

Publications

Meteor radars have become widely used instruments to study atmospheric dynamics, particularly in the 70 to 110 km altitude region. These systems have been proven to provide reliable and continuous measurements of horizontal winds in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. Recently, there have been many attempts to utilize specular and/or transverse scatter meteor measurements to estimate vertical winds and vertical wind variability. In this study we investigate potential biases in vertical wind estimation that are intrinsic to the meteor radar observation geometry and scattering mechanism, and we introduce a mathematical debiasing process to mitigate them. This process makes use of …

Editorial: Exploring The Technological Needs Of Older Adults: Advances In Design, Functionality, User Experience, And Age-Related Cognitive And Sensory Aids To Facilitate Adoption, Alex Chaparro, Cristina Cachero, Joanne M. Wood

Publications

The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence, robotics, communication, and automation have been the catalyst for the development of a host of new technologies that allow older users to monitor their own health (via wearables), maintain their independence (semi-autonomous driving), social connections (smart home devices), and compensate for a range of age-related sensory changes (hearing aids, smart glasses, augmented displays, etc.). Less well understood is how older users get acquainted with these innovations, how their design and functionality need to be adapted to improve older users’ performance and experience, and which factors and interventions help or hinder technology adoption and use …

Unlocking The Methodology Of Escape Rooms: Considerations For Conducting Applied Escape Rooms In Research, Andrew C. Griggs, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Shawn M. Doherty, Joseph R. Keebler, Bruce L. Gewertz, Tara N. Cohen

Publications

Background. Teams are the foundation of modern organizations. Many organizations are interested in interventions to bolster the effectiveness of their workforce. One viable intervention is an escape room. Escape rooms are engaging, team based activities that require individuals to work together to complete multiple tasks in a limited amount of time. Purpose. The purpose of this article is to provide ten considerations that are relevant to leveraging escape rooms as a means for data collection. Specifically, we offer guidance regarding pilot testing, equipment set-up, participant recruitment, briefing participants, progress monitoring, hints, room maintenance, data maintenance and analysis, and revising the …

A Case Study Of Community Of Inquiry Presences And Cognitive Load In Asynchronous Online Stem Courses, Emily K. Faulconer, Darryl J. Chamberlain Jr.

Publications

The design and facilitation of asynchronous online courses can have notable impacts on students related to persistence, performance, and perspectives. This case study presents current conditions for cognitive load and Community of Inquiry (CoI) presences in an asynchronous online introductory undergraduate STEM course. Researchers present the novel use of Python script to clean and organize data and a simplification of the instructional efficiency calculation for use of anonymous data. Key relationships between cognitive load and CoI presences are found through validated use of NASA-TLX instrument and transcript analysis of discussion posts. The data show that student presences are not consistent …

Using Peer Mentorship To Foster Growth And Interest In Human Factors, Emily Rickel, Jessyca Derby, Barbara Chaparro

Publications

Academic programs benefit from the addition of a formalized peer mentorship program to help undergraduate and graduate students achieve academic success, social and psychological wellbeing, and career development. This article describes a peer mentorship program developed in the Human Factors and Ergonomics (HF/E) program at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) where students study human factors at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral levels. We describe the steps taken to develop, maintain, and evaluate the program, along with lessons learned.

Validated Question Bank For Assessing Pilot Knowledge Of Aviation Weather Appendix: Weather Product Interpretation Questions, Robert Thomas, Cassandra Dommingo, John Kleber, Jackie Mcsorely, Amber Cole, Thomas Guinn, Elizabeth Blickensderfer

General Aviation Weather Display Interpretation

This appendix supplements the Thomas et al. (2022) paper titled “Validated Question Bank for Assessing Pilot Knowledge of Aviation Weather ” which validates a set of weather product interpretation questions that can be used to measure a pilot’s understanding of weather. The assessment consists of 15 weather product interpretation topics which can be administered as a single 65-question survey or, as in the Thomas et al. (2022) study, two assessments of 33 and 32 questions each separated by topic. The set of 65 questions can be found in this appendix along with a table which demonstrates how to separate the …

Communication: Memorials: An Exhibit For The Communication Technology Behind A Range Of Memorials, Bradley Finnigan

Student Works

When memorials and monuments are visited, they are often viewed as a place to reflect or pay respects. What is likely often overlooked are the messages behind these memorials, intentionally molded into memorials by their designers. This exhibit highlights 11 memorials and monuments worldwide and showcases how they communicate complex messages through unconventional means. It encourages visitors to consider the thought that went into designing the memorial and offers a different perspective on how a message can be conveyed without the use of printed text. The included curatorial statement speaks more to these points.

An Empirical Study Of The Evolution Of Homeland Security Definitions And The Public Perception Of Homeland Security, Alexander Siedschlag, Andrea Jerković

Publications

Objectives

• To introduce results from a currently conducted empirical study (quantitative systematic review) of the evolution of official homeland security definitions from related federal strategies, frameworks, guidelines, the QHSRs, enterprise agencies’ FY strategic plans, and related documents.

• To identify continuing and changing ingredients of the sprouting public policy and strategy definition of homeland security.

• To compare those findings to the development of the public perception of homeland security and how people would define the term, using the example of Pennsylvania, with our multi-year poll study of residents’ perception of homeland security.

Utility

• While valuable analyses of …

Predicting The Impact Of Covid-19 On Air Transportation Volumes, Dothang Truong

Publications

COVID-19 has significant impacts on air transportation. This paper aims to predict domestic and international transportation volumes during the pandemic. Daily trips by distance are novel variables in the prediction. Additionally, COVID-19 severity, vaccination, and economic index are other predictors. Artificial Neural Networks and Monte Carlo simulations were used to develop and validate the predictive models using data from various sources in 2021. The findings confirm the importance of daily trips by distance and vaccination as significant predictors. Airlines can use the models to predict air transportation volumes and formulate appropriate strategies to meet the air travel demand and improve …

Utilizing Human Factors To Improve Perioperative Adverse Event Investigations: An Integrated Approach, Joseph R. Keebler, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Elizabeth Blickensderfer, Thomas Looke, Frank Rosemeier, Brittany Almon, Lou Barr, Jeffrey Kuhlman

Publications

Objective: Apply Human Factors (HF), systems engineering, and high reliability organizational principles to improve adverse event investigations in a regional hospital system. Background: Given the complexity of medicine and healthcare systems, innovative thinking is required to ensure these systems are resilient to error. Understanding the work system and its constituent parts is fundamental to understanding how errors begin and propagate. Method: This paper provides a discussion on employing a systems-based approach to improve perioperative adverse event investigations within a hospital system. Results: Data was collected across 13 investigations. The findings are summarized into 16 contributing factors, with 10 specific examples …

Numeric Forced Rank: A Lightweight Method For Comparison And Decision-Making, Erin Gannon, Barbara Chaparro

Publications

Comparing products, features, brands, or ideas relative to one another is a common goal in user experience (UX) and market research. While Likert-type scales and ordinal stack ranks are often employed as prioritization methods, they are subject to several psychometric shortcomings. We introduce the numeric forced rank, a lightweight approach that overcomes some of the limitations of standard methods and allows researchers to collect absolute ratings, relative preferences, and subjective comments using a single scale. The approach is optimal for UX and market research, but is also easily employed as a structured decision-making exercise outside of consumer research. We describe …

Using Cliftonstrengthstm For Professional Development: Recommendations For Practice, Nancy A. Watkins, Cynthia Gautreau, Daryl V. Watkins

Publications

This article explores how a culture of strengths-based leadership can positively impact professional development for school site administrators. The strengths of school district administrators were measured through the administration of CliftonStrengths™ assessment. Themes that emerged were determined through the assessment and qualitative analysis of responses. A sample of convenience 50 principals and assistant principals from a public school district in Southern California participated in this research. The findings revealed that the common talent themes among school site administrators were relationship building, executing, influencer, and learner. This study supports future practices to enable human resources personnel to design targeted professional development …

The Development And Validation Of A Universal Enjoyment Measure: The Enjoy Scale, Joseph Keebler, Tianxin Zhang, Barbara Chaparro, Christina M. Frederick, Shayn S. Davidson, James Szalma

Publications

For decades, the concept of enjoyment has been used to measure the psychological benefits of activities and has been shown to determine future behavior toward activities and objects of interest. However, there has been little consensus on the definition and dimensionality of enjoyment. This study introduced a new measure of enjoyment with scale development and validation reported. CFA and EFA findings from 1466 participants across 739 different activities were reported. The instrument developed measured enjoyment across activities, with demonstrated content validity, internal consistency, discriminant and convergent validity. The final 25-item version of the ENJOY scale is composed of 5 factors: …

Does Getting A Degree Pay, Dhivian Thanabal, Hugh Ryan Hoare, Mirza Ali Mohamed Riyaz, Ilyas Farid, Devesh Mark Muruga, Edil Jani Bin Eddy, Mubarak Ali Muneer Ahmed

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

Since an increase in opportunities has resulted in the pool of degree holders in Singapore to significantly increase over the last few decades, a re-examination of the relationship between salary and highest education qualification is necessary. The purpose of this study is to ascertain whether receiving a degree rather than gaining work experience leads to higher earnings during this degree inflation era. In 2022, this will be the first study in Singapore to examine a person's wage in relation to their highest level of education. The existing literature tends to find higher returns for the university degree holders, although the …

The Positive And Negative Impacts Of The Covid-19 Pandemic Towards Youths’ Mental Health, Benedict Heng, Joshua Michael Chua, Darrshan S Ramesh Kumar, Cecilia Low, Cheng Han Tay, Brian Lim

Introduction to Research Methods RSCH 202

Due to quarantine measures, the impact of COVID-19 on youths' mental health may be more significant than on their physical health. This study aims to map out the positive and negative implications that COVID-19 brings concerning mental health. The main dependent variable of our study will be the evaluated mental health of Singaporean youths. Based on previous research and articles, we have chosen the difference in education level as our key independent variable and social isolation, lack of physical activity, family conflicts, and family emotional support as the control variables. Our study will be conducted through a survey on Singapore's …

Telerounding: A Scoping Review And Implications For Future Healthcare Practice, Andrew C. Griggs, Crystal M. Fausett, Richard J. Simonson, Kimberly N. Williams, Elizabeth H. Lazzara, Joseph R. Keebler, Tiffany M. Bisbey, Deborah Diazgranados, Vimal K. Mishra, Eric J. Thomas, Eduardo Salas

Publications

Telerounding is slated to become an important avenue for future healthcare practice. As utilization of telerounding is increasing, a review of the literature is necessary to distill themes and identify critical considerations for the implementation of telerounding. We provide evidence of the utility of telerounding and considerations to support its implementation in future healthcare practice based on a scoping review.

Method: We collected articles from nine scientific databases from the earliest dated available articles to August 2020. We identified whether each article centered on telerounding policies, regulations, or practice. We also organized information from each article and sorted themes into …

The Development And Validation Of A Universal Enjoyment Measure: The Enjoy Scale, Christina M. Frederick, Joseph R. Keebler, Tianxin Zhang, Barbara Chaparro, Shayn S. Davidson, James Szalma

Publications

For decades, the concept of enjoyment has been used to measure the psychological benefits of activities and has been shown to determine future behavior toward activities and objects of interest. However, there has been little consensus on the definition and dimensionality of enjoyment. This study introduced a new measure of enjoyment with scale development and validation reported. CFA and EFA findings from 1466 participants across 739 different activities were reported. The instrument developed measured enjoyment across activities, with demonstrated content validity, internal consistency, discriminant and convergent validity. The final 25-item version of the ENJOY scale is composed of 5 factors: …

A Classification System For Teachers’ Motivational Behaviours Recommended In Self-Determination Theory Interventions, Christina M. Frederick, Asghar Ahmadi, Michael Noetel, Philip Parker, Nikos Ntoumanis

Publications

Teachers’ behaviour is a key factor that influences students’ motivation. Many theoretical models have tried to explain this influence, with one of the most thoroughly researched being self-determination theory (SDT). We used a Delphi method to create a classification of teacher behaviours consistent with SDT. This is useful because SDT-based interventions have been widely used to improve educational outcomes. However, these interventions contain many components. Reliably classifying and labelling those components is essential for implementation, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. We used an international expert panel (N = 34) to develop this classification system. We started by identifying behaviours from …

A New Era For Psychologist-Leaders: Introduction To The Society Of Psychologists In Leadership And The Psychology Of Leaders And Leadership, Christina M. Frederick, Jennifer P. Wisdom, Robin Stacia, Bradley Brummel

Publications

This article introduces the name change of the Society for Psychologists in Leadership (SPL), from the Society of Psychologists in Management (SPIM). SPL seeks to become the premier home for psychologists who are also executives, managers, leaders, and consultants, and for psychologists who aspire to leadership positions in their organization, locally, nationally, or globally. In this article, we first discuss the founding and early years of SPIM as critical development in the recognition of psychologists as managers and leaders. Then we discuss societal and cultural changes that led to consideration of SPL rebranding and name change, including discussions of cultural …

Assessing Unstabilized Approaches: A Phenomenology Study Of The Risk Perceptions And Decision-Making Thought Process Of General Aviation Pilots., Shlok Misra, Jorge L. D. Albelo Ph.D., Victor Fraticelli Rivera

Publications

The Federal Aviation Administration emphasized the need to focus on and develop human factors training as early as 1993 in official Human Factors Policy Order 9550.8. The purpose of this study was to conduct a detailed qualitative phenomenological analysis of the risk perceptions and decision-making model of collegiate aviation pilots for unstabilized approaches. The study focused on understanding how collegiate aviation pilots perceive unstable approaches, the risk associated with unstable approaches, and the factors that trigger pilots to execute a go-around. The International Air Transportation Association warns that continuing an unstabilized approach can lead to runway excursions, hard landings causing …

Leadership Strategies Amidst Disruption And Shock: Communication Implications, Stephanie K. Douglas, Robin A. Roberts, Hermen Díaz Iii

Publications

Leaders’ prompt communication about the COVID-19 pandemic was critical to stakeholders’ safety and knowledge about the uncertainty of organizational operations. In this study, the communication of various university leaders was analyzed in response to the new decade’s deadliest exogenous shock, the spread of the deadly COVID-19 virus. Content analysis of statements from a sample of leaders in public universities contained elements of situational, behavioral, and adaptive leadership. The analysis was conducted to identify leaders’ statements detailing contingencies being implemented for the survivability of their universities. Primarily studied were leader statements responding to the intensity and severity of the pandemic, rapid …

Leadership Strategies Amidst Disruption And Shock: Communication Implications, Stephanie K. Douglas, Robin A. Roberts, Hermen Díaz Iii

Publications

Leaders’ prompt communication about the COVID-19 pandemic was critical to stakeholders’ safety and knowledge about the uncertainty of organizational operations. In this study, the communication of various university leaders was analyzed in response to the new decade’s deadliest exogenous shock, the spread of the deadly COVID-19 virus. Content analysis of statements from a sample of leaders in public universities contained elements of situational, behavioral, and adaptive leadership. The analysis was conducted to identify leaders’ statements detailing contingencies being implemented for the survivability of their universities. Primarily studied were leader statements responding to the intensity and severity of the pandemic, rapid …

Effects Of Cognitive Loading On Pilots And Air Traffic Controller Performance: Implications For Neural Dynamics And Cognitive Flow, Sam J. Holley, Mark D. Miller

Publications

The digitized environment in aviation operations has seen marked growth and expansion as new technologies arrive and are implemented. The flight deck and air traffic control functions are two areas where growth is particularly robust. Previous work has identified the effects of compounded cognitive loading and SHELL interfaces in these work environments, and the potential consequences when relief or collaborative resource management is not employed effectively. This paper examines the relationship of cognitive loading in the context of cognitive flow to identify potential areas where neural metrics might aid in a better understanding of the dynamics to determine thresholds of …