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Agricultural and Resource Economics

2007

Institution
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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2007, Central Bank Of Nigeria Dec 2007

Central Bank Of Nigeria Annual Report And Statement Of Accounts For The Year Ended 31st December 2007, Central Bank Of Nigeria

CBN Annual Report

In 2007, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) faced significant challenges in monetary management due to statutory allocations to government tiers, autonomous foreign exchange inflows, and pre-election spending. These challenges were addressed through Open Market Operations (OMO), issuance of treasury securities, standing facilities, and foreign exchange swaps. The introduction of the monetary policy rate (MPR) in December 2006 moderated inter-bank rates, encouraged trading, and improved the transmission of monetary policy actions. The Bank intensified its non-regular management activities to ensure the Policy Support Instrument (PSI) target was met. The financial system at end-2007 comprised the CBN, the Nigeria Deposit Insurance …

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Local Economic Impacts Of Ethanol Production, David J. Peters Dec 2007

Local Economic Impacts Of Ethanol Production, David J. Peters

Cornhusker Economics

The ethanol boom has generated an unprecedented amount of industrial investment in many rural communities. However, local governments and economic developers have little reliable information regarding the economic impact of these plants in the community. An assortment of consultants and government agencies, including some universities, has produced a wide range of positive impacts that stretch beyond sound economic theory or method. Communities using these optimistic estimates risk investing scarce tax dollars and resources into ethanol projects that may not produce the full expected economic benefits. Thus, it is worth discussing a reasonable estimate of the likely economic impact of a …

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Some Economic Issues In Indian Textile Sector, Badri Narayanan G. Dec 2007

Some Economic Issues In Indian Textile Sector, Badri Narayanan G.

Badri Narayanan G.

No abstract provided.

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Newcomers To The Nebraska Panhandle: How Do We Keep Them Here?, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel Dec 2007

Newcomers To The Nebraska Panhandle: How Do We Keep Them Here?, Cheryl A. Burkhart-Kriesel

Cornhusker Economics

A lot of media attention over the years has been given to the steady decline of population in rural areas across Nebraska. However, there is another side to this story. Research using the 2000 U.S. Census shows that significant numbers of people do move in and out of rural regions within our state. Unfortunately, very little is really known about the new residents’ motivations for moving to the region, and reasons why they choose to remain or consider leaving their new community.

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Have You Considered Culling Pairs?, Matt Stockton, Roger K. Wilson Dec 2007

Have You Considered Culling Pairs?, Matt Stockton, Roger K. Wilson

Cornhusker Economics

Cow-calf producers, like many agricultural producers, make many current decisions that ultimately affect subsequent seasons’ production and income. These decisions not only affect production quantity, but involve cash flow and resource allocation constraints. One of the most difficult and complicated choices ranchers face is the rate and timing of replacing and removing brood cows from the herd. This sentiment was reflected in the statement by B. E. Melton in his December, 1980 article in the Western Journal of Agricultural Economics, “Economics of Beef Cow Culling and Replacement Decisions Under Genetic Progress.” He wrote, “Probably no single aspect of modern beef …

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Bargaining Rationale For Cooperative Generic Advertising, Jennifer S. James Dec 2007

Bargaining Rationale For Cooperative Generic Advertising, Jennifer S. James

Agribusiness

The beggar-thy-neighbour aspect of commodity advertising means that benefits to one commodity from advertising come at the expense of other commodities. The effect can be mitigated by cooperation among groups as shown by Alston, Freebairn and James (AFJ). A drawback to AFJ’s analysis is that some cooperative outcomes require side payments from one producer group to another. This paper offers a bargaining solution as an alternative to cooperation in the case where cooperative side payments would be needed. We show that while bargaining without side payments is not as effective as cooperation at reducing beggar-thy-neighbour effects, it is a welfare …

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Hog Producers' Risk Management Attitudes And Desire For Additional Risk Management Education, George F. Patrick, Amy J. Peiter, Thomas O. Knight, Keith H. Coble, Alan Baquet Dec 2007

Hog Producers' Risk Management Attitudes And Desire For Additional Risk Management Education, George F. Patrick, Amy J. Peiter, Thomas O. Knight, Keith H. Coble, Alan Baquet

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Hog producers in Indiana and Nebraska were surveyed about sources of risk, effectiveness of risk management strategies, and prior participation in and desire for additional risk management education. Ownership of hogs by the producer, size of the operation, and age did have significant effects on ratings of both sources of risk and effectiveness of risk management strategies. Probit analysis found age, prior attendance, knowledge and prior use of the tool, level of integration, and concern about price and performance risk have significant effects on interest in further education about production contracts, futures and options, packer marketing contracts, and financial management.

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The Rise Of Agricultural Animal Welfare Standards As Understood Through A Neo-Institutional Lens, Elizabeth Ransom Dec 2007

The Rise Of Agricultural Animal Welfare Standards As Understood Through A Neo-Institutional Lens, Elizabeth Ransom

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

In recent years agricultural animal welfare standards have increasingly been placed on the agenda of international, regional, and national governance bodies, as well as private agrifood organizations. Standards, long the domain of economists, are now recognized as one of the most significant emerging practices for governing food, and as such, a growing number of scholars have focused on the role that powerful actors have in setting standards and the distributional benefits of standards implementation. However, much of the existing literature relies on consumer-demand arguments for explaining the rise of animal welfare standards. This article uses sociological neo-institutionalism, specifically institutional isomorphism, …

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Technology Adoption And Abandonment In Precision Cotton Production, Jonathan C. Walton Dec 2007

Technology Adoption And Abandonment In Precision Cotton Production, Jonathan C. Walton

Masters Theses

The data intensive nature of precision farming necessitates the use of different technologies to collect, transmit, manipulate, and apply information. Understanding the economic factors associated with decisions regarding technology adoption and abandonment is essential to the continued growth and feasibility of precision farming. The development of precision agricultural technologies, as well as educational and promotional efforts concerning precision farming, can benefit from an understanding of the factors influencing adoption and abandonment of precision agricultural technology. The first part of the study examined farm and farmer characteristics influencing the adoption and subsequent abandonment of precision soil sampling in cotton production. The …

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Understanding Patenting Decisions: A Classroom Experiment, Amalia Yiannaka Nov 2007

Understanding Patenting Decisions: A Classroom Experiment, Amalia Yiannaka

Cornhusker Economics

Innovations are crucial to the future success of firms, with most products having only a limited life cycle. When innovations occur, the firm must decide the best way to protect their intellectual property; this essentially comes down to keeping the innovation a trade secret or filing for a patent. Teaching students the basics of intellectual property protection is not difficult. Most are familiar with the general concept of patent protection and have some understanding as to why patents are an important tool available to firms and individual innovators. However, an in-depth analysis of the patenting decision making process can be …

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Market Reports Nov 2007

Market Reports

Cornhusker Economics

No abstract provided.

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Understanding Ethanol Plant Economics: Will Boom Turn Bust?, David J. Peters Nov 2007

Understanding Ethanol Plant Economics: Will Boom Turn Bust?, David J. Peters

Cornhusker Economics

Nebraska, along with several other Midwestern states, is in the middle of an ethanol boom. In the past few years a combination of high oil prices, cheap corn and favorable government policy have driven expansion of the industry. In turn, this has generated an unprecedented amount of industrial investment in many rural communities. However, local governments and economic developers have little information regarding the long-term economic viability of these plants. This information gap limits the ability of local governments to make informed public policy decisions about ethanol plants in their community, especially in terms of local tax incentives and abatements.

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Corn Stalk Grazing: A Matter Of Economics, Matt Stockton, Roger K. Wilson, Leslie Aaron Stalker Nov 2007

Corn Stalk Grazing: A Matter Of Economics, Matt Stockton, Roger K. Wilson, Leslie Aaron Stalker

Cornhusker Economics

The United States Department of Agriculture’s January 1, 2007 “Cattle Inventory” report indicated that there were 1,940,000 beef cows that have calved in Nebraska. In another USDA report titled “Crops Planted, Harvested, Yield, Production, Price (MYA), Value of Production” it was estimated that there will be 9,000,000 acres of corn harvested in 2007. These numbers indicate the potential opportunity to graze cattle on corn stalk residue in Nebraska is huge. With corn harvest nearing completion and weaning time for many producers happening this month, farmers and ranchers are likely to be negotiating the terms of agreements to graze these corn …

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Effect Of Management Decisions On Farm And Household Outcomes In An Integrated Crop-Livestock Agro-Ecosystem In Yucatan, Mexico, David Parsons, Jerome H. Cherney, Charles F. Nicholson, Robert W. Blake, Quirine M. Ketterings, Luis Ramirez-Aviles, Luis O. Tedeschi Nov 2007

Effect Of Management Decisions On Farm And Household Outcomes In An Integrated Crop-Livestock Agro-Ecosystem In Yucatan, Mexico, David Parsons, Jerome H. Cherney, Charles F. Nicholson, Robert W. Blake, Quirine M. Ketterings, Luis Ramirez-Aviles, Luis O. Tedeschi

Agribusiness

Mixed farming systems are defined by Sere and Steinfeld (1996) as those in which more than 10% of the dry matter fed to livestock comes from crop by-products or stubble, and more than 10% of the value of production comes from non-livestock farming activities. More simply, they are systems where livestock rearing and crop cultivation are, to a greater or lesser extent, integrated components of one farming system. The more integrated systems are characterized by interdependency between crop and livestock activity, optimizing circulation of locally available nutrients. The less integrated systems are those in which crop and livestock activities make …

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Crop Planting Decisions For 2008 – An Initial Analysis, Paige Bek, H. Douglas Jose Oct 2007

Crop Planting Decisions For 2008 – An Initial Analysis, Paige Bek, H. Douglas Jose

Cornhusker Economics

Prices tend to be the driving factor when considering which crops to plant and how many acres to plant. Deciding what to plant in 2008 could be even more complicated than this year, the decision being compounded by the fact that wheat is at record high price levels. To analyze breakeven prices for the three major commodities we can use crop budgets of expected costs.

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Intellectual Property Institutions For Plant Breeding, Richard K. Perrin, Lilyan Fulginiti Oct 2007

Intellectual Property Institutions For Plant Breeding, Richard K. Perrin, Lilyan Fulginiti

Lilyan E. Fulginiti Publications

Intellectual property rights for crop plant material should in principle increase social welfare by increasing private research investments to a level closer to the social optimum. In the US, plant patents were first introduced in 1930 by legislation that applied only to asexually reproduced plants. This was followed in 1970 by the weaker plant breeders' rights legislation (PBR) for sexually reproduced plants. Judicial decisions in 1980 and 1985, however, extended much stronger utility patent protection to plant materials. Here we examine theoretical welfare implications of weak PBR vs strong utility patents in a North-South context of technology transfer in agriculture …

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Institutions And Agricultural Productivity In Mercosur, Preeti Bharati, Lilyan Fulginiti Oct 2007

Institutions And Agricultural Productivity In Mercosur, Preeti Bharati, Lilyan Fulginiti

Lilyan E. Fulginiti Publications

We revisit earlier estimates of agricultural productivity in original Mercosur member countries and later associates: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, for 1972-2002. We estimate a translog frontier production function and revise our earlier estimates as well as those of others that indicated declining agricultural productivity. We find that the average rate for the region was a strong 2.25 percent. All the member countries experienced positive agricultural productivity growth for the sample period with Brazil being the fastest gainer. Institutions such as investments in public health and in public agricultural R&D, as well as an …

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The Economic Impact Of The Stanislaus County Food Processing Industry And The Food Processing By-Products Use Program, Jay E. Noel, Sean P. Hurley, Jessica Bylsma Oct 2007

The Economic Impact Of The Stanislaus County Food Processing Industry And The Food Processing By-Products Use Program, Jay E. Noel, Sean P. Hurley, Jessica Bylsma

Agribusiness

In the late 1970’s, Stanislaus County recognized that there existed a potential issue with the disposal of food processing by-products. The concern at the time was that the disposal of the by-products could be handled in a more efficient manner that could benefit all interested stakeholders. In 1978, the county took a proactive stance on the issue and brought together a group of producers, UC extension representatives, management from local food processors, and other interested stakeholders to discuss better ways of handling the by-products that came from processing agricultural products. As a result of these discussions, Stanislaus County developed the …

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Institutions And Agricultural Productivity In Mercosur, Preeti Bharati, Lilyan Fulginiti Oct 2007

Institutions And Agricultural Productivity In Mercosur, Preeti Bharati, Lilyan Fulginiti

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

We revisit earlier estimates of agricultural productivity in original Mercosur member countries and later associates: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela, for 1972-2002. We estimate a translog frontier production function and revise our earlier estimates as well as those of others that indicated declining agricultural productivity. We find that the average rate for the region was a strong 2.25 percent. All the member countries experienced positive agricultural productivity growth for the sample period with Brazil being the fastest gainer. Institutions such as investments in public health and in public agricultural R&D, as well as an …

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Intellectual Property Institutions For Plant Breeding, Richard K. Perrin, Lilyan Fulginiti Oct 2007

Intellectual Property Institutions For Plant Breeding, Richard K. Perrin, Lilyan Fulginiti

Department of Agricultural Economics: Faculty Publications

Intellectual property rights for crop plant material should in principle increase social welfare by increasing private research investments to a level closer to the social optimum. In the US, plant patents were first introduced in 1930 by legislation that applied only to asexually reproduced plants. This was followed in 1970 by the weaker plant breeders' rights legislation (PBR) for sexually reproduced plants. Judicial decisions in 1980 and 1985, however, extended much stronger utility patent protection to plant materials. Here we examine theoretical welfare implications of weak PBR vs strong utility patents in a North-South context of technology transfer in agriculture …

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Economic Effects Of Gmos On Small Developing Countries, Alejandro Plastina, Konstantinos Giannakas Oct 2007

Economic Effects Of Gmos On Small Developing Countries, Alejandro Plastina, Konstantinos Giannakas

Cornhusker Economics

The advent of “Gene Revolution” has sparked a significant research effort aimed at identifying the market and welfare effects of the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops into the food system. Due to the producer orientation of the first generation of GM products, particular emphasis has been placed on the agronomic benefits of the new technology and the potential for a productivity boost in developing countries.

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The Potential Role Of Probiotics In Reducing Poverty-Associated Infections In Developing Countries, Kingsley C. Anukam Oct 2007

The Potential Role Of Probiotics In Reducing Poverty-Associated Infections In Developing Countries, Kingsley C. Anukam

Kingsley C Anukam

Probiotics are defined by the Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization as “live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host” [1]. The potential benefits of their use have not been adequately investigated, especially in the developing world. Japan introduced Yakult, a probiotic fermented food drink in 1935, and in the Northern hemisphere, research and use of probiotics has gained an unprecedented momentum in the last decade [2]. Use of probiotics is not uncommon in Europe [3], but in many developing countries use of probiotics in its present definition is a foreign concept. …

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How Much Ethanol, Ultimately?, Richard K. Perrin, Juan Pablo Sesmero Oct 2007

How Much Ethanol, Ultimately?, Richard K. Perrin, Juan Pablo Sesmero

Cornhusker Economics

Ethanol prices are low in the Midwest, prompting suggestions that the boom is over. It is perhaps slowing down for the next couple of years, but is likely to resume after that. Today’s gross processing margin (ethanol price minus net corn feedstock cost) is in the range of $.80/gal – high by historical standards – but low relative to 2006 (see Figure 1 on next page). Also, the low ethanol price appears to be partly due to transportation and distribution bottlenecks, and those are not permanent.

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The Economic Contribution Of Marine Science And Education Institutions In The Monterey Bay Crescent, Judith T. Kildow Dr, Nathaniel Miller Oct 2007

The Economic Contribution Of Marine Science And Education Institutions In The Monterey Bay Crescent, Judith T. Kildow Dr, Nathaniel Miller

Publications

Ocean and coastal areas of the United States contribute significantly to our nation’s overall economy. The extent to which our economy benefits from the wide range of marine and coastal activities is not completely understood. The National Ocean Economics Program (NOEP) has attempted to track and value the ocean and coastal- related economic activities in the United States. To date six sectors are included in its information system (www.oceaneconomics.org). The economic contribution of marine research and education institutions is a sector of activity that lies outside of the normal federal government datasets, but one which seemed to have growing importance …

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Priority, Preferences And Irrigator-Power Disputes On The Niobrara River, J. David Aiken Oct 2007

Priority, Preferences And Irrigator-Power Disputes On The Niobrara River, J. David Aiken

Cornhusker Economics

Irrigators, the Nebraska Public Power District (NPPD) and the Nebraska Department of Natural Resources (DNR) are involved in conflicts between irrigators and NPPD over Niobrara River water use. This newsletter will discuss the role of priority and preferences in Nebraska surface water law, DNR priority administration, loss of appropriations and how similar power-irrigation priority disputes have been resolved in the Loup River Basin.

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Barriers To Farm/Ranch Business Succession, David J. Goeller Oct 2007

Barriers To Farm/Ranch Business Succession, David J. Goeller

Cornhusker Economics

Data from the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) suggests a trend of fewer people entering farming and ranching as their chosen occupation. This trend has been occurring for many years, as the average age of farm operators continues to increase. Many have asked “Why is this happening?” and “What are the factors that create barriers to a career in agricultural production?”

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Science, Technology And Skills, Philip Pardey, Jennifer James, Julian Alston, Stanley Wood, Bonwoo Koo, Eran Binenbaum, Terrance Hurley, Paul Glewwe Oct 2007

Science, Technology And Skills, Philip Pardey, Jennifer James, Julian Alston, Stanley Wood, Bonwoo Koo, Eran Binenbaum, Terrance Hurley, Paul Glewwe

Agribusiness

The invention of agriculture that occurred around 10,000 years ago heralded a shift from nomadic hunting and gathering to more managed forms of food, feed and fibre production. The domestication of crops initially involved the saving of seed from one season for planting in subsequent years. Later, farmers purposefully selected crop varieties and so in practice began matching and, by repeated selection over many years, adapting crop genetics to the environment in which the crop was grown. From its inception, enhancing G x E (i.e., gene by environment) interactions was an intrinsic, if not defining, feature of agriculture.

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Is More Information Always Better? An Experimental Study Of Charitable Giving And Hurricane Katrina, Catherine Eckel, Philip J. Grossman, Angela C. M. De Oliveira Oct 2007

Is More Information Always Better? An Experimental Study Of Charitable Giving And Hurricane Katrina, Catherine Eckel, Philip J. Grossman, Angela C. M. De Oliveira

Angela C. M. de Oliveira

We report results of an experiment designed to assess the impact of Hurricane Katrina on the pattern and level of charitable contributions of donors. The study includes an experimental measure of charitable giving and targets three charities: the American Red Cross, the Salvation Army, and Oxfam International. In the experiment subjects make allocation decisions from three endowments ($10, $20, and $50) and with four different matching subsidies (0%, 25%, 50%, and 100%), with the matching amount provided by the experimenter. Two locations (Texas and Minnesota) and two information conditions are used. Survey measures of sympathy, risk perceptions, and perceptions of …

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Gains And Losses To Cattle Feeders From The Bse-Related Bans On Canadian Cattle Imports And Beef Exports, Dimitrios Panagiotou, Azzeddine Azzam Sep 2007

Gains And Losses To Cattle Feeders From The Bse-Related Bans On Canadian Cattle Imports And Beef Exports, Dimitrios Panagiotou, Azzeddine Azzam

Cornhusker Economics

The discovery in December 2003 of a Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) case in the state of Washington led to an import-ban on U.S. beef by more than forty countries, including Japan, South Korea, Mexico and Canada. These four countries are the most lucrative destinations for U.S. beef exports, accounting for more than 90 percent of the total value. In 2004, U.S. beef exports were at 17 percent of their level in 2003, with Japan and South Korea imposing a virtually total ban, while, except for a brief time, Canada and Mexico leaving their borders partially open. Three years and several …

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Containing The Cost Of Infant Formula To The Wic Program, David Davis Sep 2007

Containing The Cost Of Infant Formula To The Wic Program, David Davis

Economics Commentator

No abstract provided.

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