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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Addressing The Scale Issues In Spatial-Temporal Analysis Of Crime : An Integrative Framework And Empirical Findings, Mohammed Abdulrazak Alazawi
Addressing The Scale Issues In Spatial-Temporal Analysis Of Crime : An Integrative Framework And Empirical Findings, Mohammed Abdulrazak Alazawi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Based on a critical review of existing literature in the spatial-temporal analysis of crime, three challenges have been identified: spatial-temporal scaling, theorizing spatial patterns for different types of crime, and the micro interaction between space and time. The spatial-temporal scaling issue is related to choosing the appropriate geographic unit of analysis. The theoretical issue concerns the lack of an integrative approach that can integrate the benefits of each theoretical perspective and identify broader processes to explain the resulting spatial patterns for different types of crime. Also, examining and explaining the variation of the micro space-time interactions for different types of …
Adolescent Maltreatment, Substance Use, And Self-Efficacy : A Test Of General Strain Theory Among A Sample Of Clinical Youth, Sonya Worthington
Adolescent Maltreatment, Substance Use, And Self-Efficacy : A Test Of General Strain Theory Among A Sample Of Clinical Youth, Sonya Worthington
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The relationship between adolescent maltreatment and delinquency has been of growing interest to social control, social learning, strain, and family-oriented theorist since the 1980’s. While ‘social control’, ‘social learning’, and ‘traditional strain’ theories dominated early delinquency research literature surrounding the association, the past few decades have experienced a shift from these sociological theories to those more social-psychological in nature, lending much support, credibility, and acceptance of Agnew’s General Strain Theory (GST). GST offers a theoretical framework for understanding micro-level and macro level factors that influence the likelihood of delinquency. In short, GST contends some individuals engage in criminal and deviant …
Public Perceptions Of Crime Trends : Measurement, Perceived Causes, And Behavioral Consequences, Luzi Shi
Public Perceptions Of Crime Trends : Measurement, Perceived Causes, And Behavioral Consequences, Luzi Shi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In the U.S. the public is persistent in believing in worsening crime trends, despite the fact that the crime rate has been falling since the early 1990s. This dissertation is a comprehensive examination of the measurement, perceived causes, and behavioral consequences of crime trend perceptions. It is composed of three interrelated studies. The first step to understanding crime trend perceptions is to have accurate measurement. In the first study, I identify the limitations of existing measurement of crime trend perceptions and argue that it is important to measure perceptions of short-term and long-term crime trends separately. Using three samples, I …
The Effects Of A Proactive Policy-Driven Migration On Neighborhood Crime, Tyler Scott Bellick
The Effects Of A Proactive Policy-Driven Migration On Neighborhood Crime, Tyler Scott Bellick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The immigrant crime-relationship is one of the most vigorously debated and contentious public policy concerns in present society. The majority of scholarship investigating this link demonstrates that immigrants are no more crime prone than the native-born population, and in fact, may even suppress levels of neighborhood crime. A limitation of this body of scholarship is that it tends focus on immigration, overall, or specifically Latino immigration, failing to account of potentially important between-group differences in offending. The present study addresses this gap by examining the effects of a government-driven Guyanese migration on neighborhood crime rates at five cross-sections. Exploratory analyses …
Immigration And Victimization : Applications Of Criminological Concepts To The Lesser-Known Side Of The Immigration And Crime Nexus, Allen W.C.P. Wong
Immigration And Victimization : Applications Of Criminological Concepts To The Lesser-Known Side Of The Immigration And Crime Nexus, Allen W.C.P. Wong
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In recent decades, scholarly interest on immigration and crime has been on the rise. This increase in interest has even recently produced an academic consensus on the structural-level relationship between immigration and crime: on average, changes in immigration levels do not disproportionately increase crime rates. However, what is less explored in the literature is the individual-level relationship between immigration and criminal victimization, and specifically, the role played by criminological variables among generations of immigrant ethnic groups and their victimization experiences.
Welfare And Crime Revisited : Beyond Yea Or Nay, Colin Gruner
Welfare And Crime Revisited : Beyond Yea Or Nay, Colin Gruner
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The criminological literature has found that welfare is negatively associated with crime, but few studies have tested this association with data from after the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act (PRWORA) passed in 1996. PRWORA fundamentally altered the structure of the U.S. welfare state. The goals of this dissertation were to identify the research and theories on welfare and crime and test whether the relationship has changed since PRWORA. A review of the literature showed that there were several lines of research on welfare and crime but no studies drawing on the full extent of the welfare-crime literature. After combining …
The Role Of Immigrant Assimilation And Segregation In Explaining The Effect Of Immigration Size On Neighborhood Crime, Ilir Disha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The Role of Immigrant Assimilation and Segregation in Explaining the Effect of Immigration Size on Neighborhood Crime
The Sex Ratio, Gender Equality, And Women's Victimization : A Cross-National Analysis, Laura M. Demarco
The Sex Ratio, Gender Equality, And Women's Victimization : A Cross-National Analysis, Laura M. Demarco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The relationship between the sex ratio and crime is underdeveloped in the criminological literature, particularly regarding the victimization of women. Much of the existing work draws on theorizing by Guttentag and Secord (1983) on the interpersonal dynamics related to dyadic power. In this line of research, the characteristics of structural power are largely taken for granted. Drawing on literature about gender inequality and women's victimization, this study recasts Guttentag and Secord's notion of structural power as a continuous measure of gender equality. I examine the effect of the sex ratio on women's victimization, and evaluate if that effect is contingent …
Criminal Behavior In The Life Course : The Sex Difference And The Role Of Childbirth In The Desistance Process, Siyu Liu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My dissertation demonstrates sex differences in offending over the life course with a flexible model on the age-crime curve using a longitudinal dataset, and examines the causal role of childbirth in the process of desistance for both sexes.
Correctional Group Quarters, Neighborhood Crime And Property Values, Kelly Mcgeever
Correctional Group Quarters, Neighborhood Crime And Property Values, Kelly Mcgeever
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The primary aims of this dissertation are to examine the association between correctional group quarters and crime rates and the effect of correctional group quarters on property values in urban neighborhoods. There has been a surprising lack of examination of these relationships, especially since community residents' anticipated fears of correctional facilities have been well documented. The few studies that have considered correctional facilities, crime, and property values have generally focused on one rural location and almost exclusively evaluate state prisons without consideration to the range of correctional facilities. Broken windows theory and `Not in My Backyard' literature are used to …
The New Welfare State : Reconsidering The Welfare-Crime Nexus, Colin Gruner
The New Welfare State : Reconsidering The Welfare-Crime Nexus, Colin Gruner
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A sizeable body of literature has found that welfare reduces crime, but the majority of these studies have used data from before 1996. In 1996 the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) radically changed the welfare system of the United States. Control of welfare programs shifted from the federal government to the states and PRWORA increased the emphasis on getting people off welfare via the introduction of lifetime limits on the receipt of aid and mandatory participation in work programs for able-bodied recipients. Consistent with this emphasis, researchers have documented a precipitous drop in caseload sizes across the …
Socially Situated Identities Of Gay Gang- And Crime-Involved Men, Vanessa R. Panfil
Socially Situated Identities Of Gay Gang- And Crime-Involved Men, Vanessa R. Panfil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within the criminological literature, gay men have primarily been portrayed as victims of anti-gay bias crimes or intimate partner violence, or as sex workers and/or drug users. This coverage, which is limited in scope, largely fails to recognize that gay men have agency (choice or power to control the situation). It also provides an incomplete picture regarding gay men's involvement in gangs, violence, and crime.
Gentrification And Crime In New York City 1980-2009, Michael Scott Barton
Gentrification And Crime In New York City 1980-2009, Michael Scott Barton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
It is a well supported fact that crime rates in cities across the United States increased between the 1960s and 1980s before dramatically declining during the 1990s. While scholars agree that this decline occurred, they continue to debate the cause of the decline (Greenberg, 2013; Zimring, 2011). References to changes in neighborhood crime rates as a result of gentrification have been common in previous research on gentrification, but only a few studies have empirically assessed the association between gentrification and crime. Kreager, Lyons, and Hays (2011), Papachristos, Smith, Scherer, and Fugiero (2011), and Smith (2012), who utilized innovative measures of …
Pay It Forward : The Effect Of Social Support On Crime, Jessica Singer
Pay It Forward : The Effect Of Social Support On Crime, Jessica Singer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between social support and crime. In 1994, Frank Cullen wrote an innovative article which was designed to construct social support as an organizing principle for criminology. Using this work to frame this research, I hypothesize that social support will be negatively related to crime. I explore this relationship on two levels of analysis. First, I investigate the relationship between state-level support and crime rates using a dataset that I constructed from a variety of sources. Second, I investigate the relationship between individual-level support and crime and deviance using data from …
Unstoppable? : A Closer Look At Terrorism Displacement, Henda Yao Hsu
Unstoppable? : A Closer Look At Terrorism Displacement, Henda Yao Hsu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since T.A Repetto first introduced crime displacement in 1976, situational crime prevention researchers have long been challenged by the assumption that displacement is an unavoidable consequence of focused crime prevention measures. Despite evidence that criminals do not inevitably shift their offending behavior in response to crime prevention initiatives, recent efforts to extend situational prevention to terrorism have been met with criticisms of displacement. This study examines whether terrorists displace their attacks by changing their methods once the opportunities to carry out acts of terrorism are blocked. To accomplish this, the author examines, through the use of the newly synthesized Global …
Community-Level Crime Control : A Closer Look At The Mediating Variables Of Social Disorganization Theory, David Paul Armstrong
Community-Level Crime Control : A Closer Look At The Mediating Variables Of Social Disorganization Theory, David Paul Armstrong
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study focuses on the mediating factors of social disorganization theory. To be more specific, this study combines the insights from the classical social disorganization model, the systemic model of crime, and the more recent work of Sampson and colleagues on collective efficacy and Carr (2003) on the new parochialism to answer some of the lingering questions within the perspective. The three mediating factors examined are social ties, collective efficacy, and organizational activism, a concept derived from Carr's work on the new parochialism. The concept organizational activism refers to using local organizations with access to outside resources to indirectly …
Segregation And Social Control : An Agent Based Simulation, Stephen Matthew Pate
Segregation And Social Control : An Agent Based Simulation, Stephen Matthew Pate
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
There exists a considerable body of literature devoted to the evolution of segregated