Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Public Higher Education’S Role In Shaping A Workforce In Rhode Island: The Case Of Rhode Island College, Francis J. Leazes Jr., Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Public Higher Education’S Role In Shaping A Workforce In Rhode Island: The Case Of Rhode Island College, Francis J. Leazes Jr., Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Faculty Publications
Skilled human capital plays a major role in sparking innovation, enhancing productivity, raising incomes, and driving economic growth. State prosperity depends heavily on attracting well-educated workers because these workers enjoy significantly higher per-capita incomes and perform well on other economic measures. The knowledge-based economy places a higher premium on an education that challenges those entering the workplace to be able to think beyond the immediate job they will seek. If the most desirable high-value technical businesses cannot find enough skilled workers in Rhode Island, they will neither come to the state or stay in it. Furthermore, in today’s economy, we …
Teaching Progress: A Critique Of The Grand Narrative Of Human Rights As Pedagogy For Marginalized Students, Robyn Linde, Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Teaching Progress: A Critique Of The Grand Narrative Of Human Rights As Pedagogy For Marginalized Students, Robyn Linde, Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Faculty Publications
With the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948, education about human rights became an important focus of the new human rights regime and a core method of spreading its values throughout the world. This story of human rights is consistently presented as a progressive teleology that contextualizes the expansion of rights within a larger grand narrative of liberalization, emancipation, and social justice. This paper examines the disjuncture between the grand narrative on international movements for human rights and social justice and the lived experiences of marginalized students in urban environments in the United States. Drawing on …
Community Structures In Bipartite Networks: A Dual-Projection Approach, David Melamed
Community Structures In Bipartite Networks: A Dual-Projection Approach, David Melamed
Faculty Publications
Identifying communities or clusters in networked systems has received much attention across the physical and social sciences. Most of this work focuses on single layer or one-mode networks, including social networks between people or hyperlinks between websites. Multilayer or multi-mode networks, such as affiliation networks linking people to organizations, receive much less attention in this literature. Common strategies for discovering the community structure of multi-mode networks identify the communities of each mode simultaneously. Here I show that this combined approach is ineffective at discovering community structures when there are an unequal number of communities between the modes of a multi-mode …
Kicking And Screaming, Roger Clark, Rachel Filinson
Kicking And Screaming, Roger Clark, Rachel Filinson
Faculty Publications
The authors provide an account of their department's minimalist and largely reluctant approach to mandatory assessment in the past decade. A decade earlier, the department had gone all out in an experimental assessment effort supported by the Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education, an effort the department was neither willing nor able to make once the college's accreditation agency mandated assessment in 2000. The authors describe another "less-than-ideal design" that has nonetheless involved many of the assessment elements described elsewhere (e.g., alumni and student surveys, classroom assignments, external reviewers, research papers) and has nonetheless yielded usable and utilized feedback …
Women In Law Enforcement: Subverting Sexual Harassment Through Social Bonds, Jill Hume Harrison
Women In Law Enforcement: Subverting Sexual Harassment Through Social Bonds, Jill Hume Harrison
Faculty Publications
Female law enforcement officers who have strong social bonds with their colleagues can reduce the effect that sexual harassment has on job satisfaction. We test social bond theory to examine the relationship between sexual harassment and job satisfaction from a sample of n=109 active duty male and female police and correctional officers. Law enforcement personnel are thought to be particularly vulnerable to stressors on the job, like sexual harassment, but they can significantly benefit from strong departmental and colleague support. With some progress toward gender equity, this study shows that female officers still face barriers that are linked to this …
Thinking Outside The Master's House: New Knowledge Movements And The Emergence Of Academic Disciplines, Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Thinking Outside The Master's House: New Knowledge Movements And The Emergence Of Academic Disciplines, Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Faculty Publications
This paper proposes a theoretical framework for understanding emergent disciplines as knowledge-focused social movement phenomena called New Knowledge Movements, or NKMs. The proposed theoretical framework is developed through a synthesis of new social movement theory and Frickel and Gross's Scientific/Intellectual Movements (SIMs) model. In contrast to the SIMs model, this paper argues that many new disciplines emerge through contentious collective action on the part of political and intellectual outsiders rather than through the action of intellectual elites. The framework is examined through historical narratives of two disciplines, women's studies and Asian American studies, in the USA. This framework will be …
The Face Of Society, Roger D. Clark, Alex Nunes
The Face Of Society, Roger D. Clark, Alex Nunes
Faculty Publications
We have updated Ferree and Hall's (1990) study of the way gender and race are constructed through pictures in introductory sociology textbooks. Ferree and Hall looked at 33 textbooks published between 1982 and 1988. We replicated their study by examining 3,085 illustrations in a sample of 27 textbooks, most of which were published between 2002 and 2006. We found important areas of progress in the presentation of both gender and race as well as significant areas of stasis. The face of society we found depicted in contemporary textbooks was distinctly less likely to be that of a white man, very …
Graduate Training In Sociological Theory And Theory Construction, Barry N. Markovsky
Graduate Training In Sociological Theory And Theory Construction, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
Nearly all of sociology's top graduate training programs require their students to complete one or two courses on sociological theory. The instructors for these courses have an extraordinary opportunity to affect the perspectives and practices of future generations of scholars. This study assesses the backgrounds, attitudes, beliefs, and practices of those instructors regarding different approaches to theorizing, with particular attention paid to topics related to science and to theory construction. Sociologists who teach required theory courses in the discipline's top fifty graduate training programs were asked a series of questions pertaining to their own training and to the courses they …
Social Movements In Organizations, Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Social Movements In Organizations, Mikaila M. L. Arthur
Faculty Publications
This article reviews the literature on social movements within organizations such as colleges and universities, corporations, religious orders, and governmental agencies. It brings together work from disparate fields to advance an understanding of how movements happen within organizations to introduce students and scholars to the promise of such research.
This Land Is Our Land: Immigrants And Power In Miami, Jimy M. Sanders
This Land Is Our Land: Immigrants And Power In Miami, Jimy M. Sanders
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
The Role Of Ngos In Political Elections In South Korea: The Case Of The Citizens' Alliance For The 2000 General Election, Eui Hang Shin
The Role Of Ngos In Political Elections In South Korea: The Case Of The Citizens' Alliance For The 2000 General Election, Eui Hang Shin
Faculty Publications
The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the role of civic organizations in political processes in South Korea. More specifically, this article examines the impact of the blacklisting of candidates by the Citizens’ Alliance for the 2000 General Election (CAGE) on the outcomes of the National Assembly election of April 13, 2000. I discuss the relationship between the characteristics of political systems and political culture and the emergence of civic organizations. I analyze the effects of CAGE’s blacklisting of politicians on the nomination processes of candidates by major political parties. I also discuss the long-term effects of CAGE …
Balancing Yin And Yang, Roger D. Clark, Angela Lang
Balancing Yin And Yang, Roger D. Clark, Angela Lang
Faculty Publications
The first three-quarters of the semester flew by. We learned about quantitative data analysis and I loved it. I really enjoyed the numerical manipulations and seeing how it all related to people. Everything was there in front of me. Not too much imagination on my part was really needed. Then it all ended. Professor Clark introduced qualitative methods and the anxiety began. I soon realized I had to reinvent my creative side, which is something that as an undergraduate I am not required to do very often. I was nervous that I would discover that I was not creative at …
Social Influence On Paranormal Beliefs, Barry N. Markovsky, Shane R. Thye
Social Influence On Paranormal Beliefs, Barry N. Markovsky, Shane R. Thye
Faculty Publications
In spite of strong public expressions of skepticism from the scientific community, polls show that more than nine out of ten American adults profess belief in paranormal phenomena. Some scientists view this as a social problem, directing much blame (but little research) at a variety of sources including lack of critical thinking skills, fads, need for transcendent experiences, failure of the educational system, and cultural cycles. Social impact theory provides an alternative focus: it views paranormal beliefs as a natural consequence of social influence processes in interpersonal settings. In this study, subjects in a laboratory experiment were informed that some …
Emotion And Group Cohesion In Productive Exchange, Edward J. Lawler, Shane R. Thye, Jeongkoo Yoon
Emotion And Group Cohesion In Productive Exchange, Edward J. Lawler, Shane R. Thye, Jeongkoo Yoon
Faculty Publications
This study refines and experimentally tests a theory of relational cohesion that explains how and when actors become committed to one another in the context of multiactor exchange. The theory asserts that frequent social exchange results in (1) positive emotions that solidify and strengthen the person-to-group bond and (2) uncertainty reduction that renders the focal group more salient in relation to others. These two mechanisms produce a sense of psychological group formation and ultimately increase observable acts of commitment. In a “productive exchange” setting, three actors negotiate a joint venture that requires the assent of all members. The exchanges featured …
Status Processes And Mental Ability Test Scores, Michael J. Lovaglia, Jeffrey W. Lucas, Jeffrey A. Houser, Shane R. Thye, Barry N. Markovsky
Status Processes And Mental Ability Test Scores, Michael J. Lovaglia, Jeffrey W. Lucas, Jeffrey A. Houser, Shane R. Thye, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
The expected consequences of a score on an ability test can constrain individual performance. The authors predict that status processes, including status differences and the differences in rewards and costs that result, will produce differences in ability test scores between high-status and low-status individuals. In three controlled experi- ments, participants randomly assigned low status scored lower on a standard test of mental ability (the Raven Progressive Matrices) than did participants assigned high status. For both men and women, the difference in ability test score between low-status and high-status participants was about half a standard deviation. The results suggest the need …
Power In Exchange Networks: Critique Of A New Theory, Barry N. Markovsky, David Willer, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia
Power In Exchange Networks: Critique Of A New Theory, Barry N. Markovsky, David Willer, Brent Simpson, Michael J. Lovaglia
Faculty Publications
Markovsky et al criticize Yamaguchi's (1996) theory of power in social exchange networks, revealing internal theoretical contradictions. Yamaguchi responds to the criticisms.
Developing An Exchange Network Simulator, Barry N. Markovsky
Developing An Exchange Network Simulator, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
"X-Net" is a computer simulation that I developed in conjunction with Network Exchange Theory. Users of X-Net can explore the effects of different network structures, rules of exchange, and negotiators' strategies on the dynamics and outcomes of resource exchanges in social networks. This article recounts the process of X-Net's development, in addition to key substantive, theoretical, and design issues that motivated its form and content. It concludes with a discussion of the relationship between theory, simulation, and empirical tests.
Chinatown - The Socioeconomic Potential Of An Urban Enclave - Zhou,M, Jimy M. Sanders
Chinatown - The Socioeconomic Potential Of An Urban Enclave - Zhou,M, Jimy M. Sanders
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.
Multinational Corporate-Investment And Womens' Participation In Higher-Education In Noncore Nations, Roger D. Clark
Multinational Corporate-Investment And Womens' Participation In Higher-Education In Noncore Nations, Roger D. Clark
Faculty Publications
This article posits a theoretical connection between multinational corporate (MNC) investment and women's participation in higher education in noncore nations. It suggests that because MNC investment encourages a "breed-and-feed" ideology for women, the prejudicial hiring of men in high-status occupations, and the lack of state regulation of gender discrimination, its presence skews the demand for higher education away from women. Panel regression analyses of data from 66 noncore and 44 peripheral nations indicate considerable support for this position.
Sponsoring The Next Generation: Parental Willingness To Pay For Higher Education, Lala C. Steelman, Brian Powell
Sponsoring The Next Generation: Parental Willingness To Pay For Higher Education, Lala C. Steelman, Brian Powell
Faculty Publications
Although sociologists and economists have been widely concerned with parental investment in children, that investment has rarely been examined directly. The Parent Survey of the High School and Beyond data set provides material for examining the traits of parents and children that shape parental payment for higher education. Parents' reported willingness and ability to pay, along with savings for children's future education, are shaped first by total income and the number of children who must share that income. Moreover, parental investment in higher education is increased when the parents themselves received parental financial support, which suggests continuity over generations. Gender …
Distributive Justice: A Social-Psychological Perspective By Morton Deutsch, Barry N. Markovsky
Distributive Justice: A Social-Psychological Perspective By Morton Deutsch, Barry N. Markovsky
Faculty Publications
No abstract provided.