Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

“Pick A Card, Any Card”: Learning To Deceive And Conceal – With Care, Brian Rappert

Secrecy and Society

Because of the asymmetries in knowledge regarding the underlying hidden mechanisms as well as because of the importance of intentional deception, entertainment magic is often presented as an exercise in power, manipulation, and control. This article challenges such portrayals and through doing so common presumptions about how secrets are kept. It does so through recounting the experiences of the author as a beginner learning a craft. Regard for the choices and tensions associated with the accomplishment of mutually recognized deception in entertainment magic are marshalled to consider how it involves ‘reciprocal action’ between the audience and the performer. Attending to …

Developing An Ontology For Representing The Domain Knowledge Specific To Non-Pharmacological Treatment For Agitation In Dementia, Zhenyu Zhang, Ping Yu, H.C. Chang, S K. Lau, Cui Tao, Ning Wang, Mengyang Yin, Chao Deng

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Introduction: A large volume of clinical care data has been generated for managing agitation in dementia. However, the valuable information in these data has not been used effectively to generate insights for improving the quality of care. Application of artificial intelligence technologies offers us enormous opportunities to reuse these data. For health data science to achieve this, this study focuses on using ontology to coding clinical knowledge for non-pharmacological treatment of agitation in a machine-readable format. Methods: The resultant ontology—Dementia-Related Agitation Non-Pharmacological Treatment Ontology (DRANPTO)—was developed using a method adopted from the NeOn methodology. Results: DRANPTO consisted of 569 concepts …

Attention-Based Knowledge Tracing With Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding, Nan Zhang, Ye Du, Ke Deng, Li Li, Jun Shen, Geng Sun

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Knowledge tracing is a key area of research contributing to personalized education. In recent times, deep knowledge tracing has achieved great success. However, the sparsity of students’ practice data still limits the performance and application of knowledge tracing. An additional complication is that the contribution of the answer record to the current knowledge state is different at each time step. To solve these problems, we propose Attention-based Knowledge Tracing with Heterogeneous Information Network Embedding (AKTHE). First, we describe questions and their attributes with a heterogeneous information network and generate meaningful node embeddings. Second, we capture the relevance of historical data …

Data Governance And The Emerging University, Michael J. Madison

Book Chapters

Knowledge and information governance questions are tractable primarily in institutional terms, rather than in terms of abstractions such as knowledge itself or individual or social interests. This chapter offers the modern research university as an example. Practices of data-intensive research by university-based researchers, sometimes reduced to the popular phrase “Big Data,” pose governance challenges for the university. The chapter situates those challenges in the traditional understanding of the university as an institution for understanding forms and flows of knowledge. At a broad level, the chapter argues that the new salience of data exposes emerging shifts in the social, cultural, and …

Towards An Assessment Framework Of Reuse: A Knowledge Level Analysis Approach, Ghassan Beydoun, Achim Hoffmann, Rafael Valencia-Garcia, Jun Shen, Asifqumer Gill

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

The process of assessing the suitability of reuse of a software component is complex. Indeed, software systems are typically developed as an assembly of existing components. The complexity of the assessment process is due to lack of clarity on how to compare the cost of adaptation of an existing component versus the cost of developing it from scratch. Indeed, often pursuit of reuse can lead to excessive rework and adaptation, or developing suites of components that often get neglected. This paper is an important step towards modelling the complex reuse assessment process. To assess the success factors that can underpin …

Measuring Public Utilization Perception Potential Of Unmanned Aircraft Systems, Julius Keller, Daniel Kwasi Adjekum, Bortiorkor Nii Tsui Alabi, Brian Kozak

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

The integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) into the National Air Space (NAS) in recent times has been met by mixed public responses. The paper establishes four constructs each of which encapsulates multiple backgrounds and concerns of the stakeholders: functional knowledge, utilization trust, operational integration support, and safety risk-benefits. The paper hypothesizes that these constructs can serve as underlying components for a research instrument namely, the Public Utilization Perception Potential (PUPP) which can be used to assess the opinions of the public on UAS integration into NAS. Responses from the public on items in a beta-tested survey instrument were analyzed …

Towards Massive Data And Sparse Data In Adaptive Micro Open Educational Resource Recommendation: A Study On Semantic Knowledge Base Construction And Cold Start Problem, Geng Sun, Tingru Cui, Ghassan Beydoun, Shiping Chen, Fang Dong, Dongming Xu, Jun Shen

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part B

Micro Learning through open educational resources (OERs) is becoming increasingly popular. However, adaptive micro learning support remains inadequate by current OER platforms. To address this, our smart system, Micro Learning as a Service (MLaaS), aims to deliver personalized OER with micro learning to satisfy their real-time needs.

Public Cloud Data Auditing With Practical Key Update And Zero Knowledge Privacy, Yong Yu, Yannan Li, Man Ho Au, Willy Susilo, Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo, Xinpeng Zhang

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Data integrity is extremely important for cloud based storage services, where cloud users no longer have physical possession of their outsourced files. A number of data auditing mechanisms have been proposed to solve this problem. However, how to update a cloud user's private auditing key (as well as the authenticators those keys are associated with) without the user's re-possession of the data remains an open problem. In this paper, we propose a key-updating and authenticator-evolving mechanism with zero-knowledge privacy of the stored files for secure cloud data auditing, which incorporates zero knowledge proof systems, proxy re-signatures and homomorphic linear authenticators. …

Knowledge Sharing Behaviour Of Academics In The Polytechnic Ibadan, Misbau Abiola Abdur-Rafiu Mr, Adeola O. Opesade Dr

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

ABSTRACT

The study was designed to investigate the factors driving the academics to engage in work-related knowledge sharing activity using a conceptual model adapted from Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) of Ajzen (1991) and the two affective components (affective commitment and affect-based trust). A descriptive survey research design covering academics in all departments of the five faculties in The Polytechnic, Ibadan was employed.The literature review covered knowledge management KM, knowledge sharing KS and knowledge sharing behaviour KSB. Self-structured questionnaire based on the adapted model were administered as data collection instrument. Complete enumeration survey study was carried out because the total …

Towards Knowledge Sharing In Disaster Management: An Agent Oriented Knowledge Analysis Framework, Dedi Iskandar Inan, Ghassan Beydoun, Simon Opper

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Disaster Management (DM) is a complex set of interrelated activities. The activities are often knowledge intensive and time sensitive. Sharing the required knowledge timely is critical for DM. In developed countries, for recurring disasters (e.g. floods), there are dedicated document repositories of Disaster Management Plans (DMP) that can be accessed as needs arise. However, accessing the appropriate plan in a timely manner and sharing activities between plans often requires domain knowledge and intimate knowledge of the plans in the first place. In this paper, we introduce an agent-based knowledge analysis method to convert DMPs into a collection of knowledge units …

Tibetan Word Sense Disambiguation Based On A Semantic Knowledge Network Diagram, Lirong Qiu, Xinmin Jiang, Renqiang Ling

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The method based on semantic knowledge is the most dynamic research direction in rule-based techniques. This method has been proven effective in studying English and Chinese word sense disambiguation. This study proposes two methods for selecting the correct Chinese meaning of Tibetan ambiguous words from Tibetan sentences in Tibetan-Chinese parallel corpora using semantic knowledge from HowNet and translation information from the aforementioned corpora. We can use these methods to build Tibetan-Chinese parallel corpora with word sense tagging. The two proposed methods are 1) the word sense disambiguation method based on HowNet and Tibetan-Chinese parallel corpora, and; 2) the semantic knowledge-based …

Governing Knowledge Commons -- Introduction & Chapter 1, Brett M. Frischmann, Michael J. Madison, Katherine J. Strandburg

Book Chapters

“Knowledge commons” describes the institutionalized community governance of the sharing and, in some cases, creation, of information, science, knowledge, data, and other types of intellectual and cultural resources. It is the subject of enormous recent interest and enthusiasm with respect to policymaking about innovation, creative production, and intellectual property. Taking that enthusiasm as its starting point, Governing Knowledge Commons argues that policymaking should be based on evidence and a deeper understanding of what makes commons institutions work. It offers a systematic way to study knowledge commons, borrowing and building on Elinor Ostrom’s Nobel Prize-winning research on natural resource commons. It …

Commons At The Intersection Of Peer Production, Citizen Science, And Big Data: Galaxy Zoo, Michael J. Madison

Book Chapters

The knowledge commons research framework is applied to a case of commons governance grounded in research in modern astronomy. The case, Galaxy Zoo, is a leading example of at least three different contemporary phenomena. In the first place Galaxy Zoo is a global citizen science project, in which volunteer non-scientists have been recruited to participate in large-scale data analysis via the Internet. In the second place Galaxy Zoo is a highly successful example of peer production, sometimes known colloquially as crowdsourcing, by which data are gathered, supplied, and/or analyzed by very large numbers of anonymous and pseudonymous contributors to an …

Inter-Organisational Knowledge Sharing In Regional Sustainable Development Communities, Rosemary Van Der Meer, Luba Torlina, Jamie Mustard

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

There has been an increasing interest in the use of inter-organisational groups to address regional implications in sustainable development. These groups bring together local knowledge and expertise and span boundaries between government and industry organisations. Our focus is in understanding how knowledge is shared in such inter-organisational groups. Utilising interviews, observations and social network analysis, we examine the knowledge sharing implications derived from the mixed membership, multilevel interaction, and the need to span boundaries with external organisations in these collaborations.

Teleconsultation Knowledge Sharing In Healthcare: Resource Influences, Rosemary Van Der Meer, Khin Than Win, William Tibben, Nurazean Maarop

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The purpose of this paper is to examine the resource influences on the knowledge sharing in teleconsultation. The study was conducted by interviewing 28 participants from 11 hospitals in the Ministry of Health, Malaysia. Top-down microanalysis of interview data was performed using a descriptive knowledge sharing framework that focuses on resource influences. The results indicate that resources can influence knowledge sharing opportunities in teleconsultation in areas such as professional development and learning, greater training opportunities, having champions within the hospitals, IT support and the facilitation from administration.

A Framework For Inter-Organizational Knowledge Sharing: Managerial Influences, Rosemary A. Van Der Meer, Luba Torlina

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

The purpose of this paper is to determine whether an existing organizational knowledge management framework could be utilized in an inter-organizational domain. We selected the threefold KM framework developed by Holsapple and Joshi (2000; 2002). This framework has been well tested and provides clearly defined elements to examine the influences on knowledge management and knowledge sharing in an organizational context. We report the results of testing the framework in three inter-organizational case studies and propose some adaptations to the managerial influences for inter-organizational analysis.

A Synthesis Of A Knowledge Management Framework For Sports Event Management, Azizul Rahman Abdul Ghaffar, Ghassan Beydoun, Jun Shen, Will Tibben, Dongming Xu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Due to rapid social development in Asia, sports events have grown larger and many new countries are also hosting them for their first time. In addition to required increase in expenditures and more efficient management, various instances of inadequate planning highlighted the needs for more effective and better sustainable structures to support knowledge transfer between organizers, from one event to the next. The research presented in this paper aims to facilitate the deployment of systematic knowledge management practices to sports event management, to enable sustainable planning. The research in this paper synthesizes is carried out on the Malaysian Games as …

Evaluating Disaster Management Knowledge Model By Using A Frequency-Based Selection Technique, Siti Hajar Othman, Ghassan Beydoun

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Disaster Management (DM) is a multidisciplinary endeavour and a very difficult knowledge domain to model. It is a diffused area of knowledge that is continuously evolving and informally represented. Metamodel is the output artefact of metamodelling, a software engineering approach, which makes statements about what can be expressed in the valid models of the knowledge domain. It is an appropriate high level knowledge structure to facilitate it being communicated among DM stakeholders. A Disaster Management Metamodel (DMM) is developed. To satisfy the expressiveness and the correctness of a DMM, in this paper we present a metamodel evaluation technique by using …

A Social Network Model For Understanding Technology Use For Knowledge-Intensive Workers, Kon Shing Kenneth Chung

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

This chapter presents a theoretical model based on social network theories and the social influence model for understanding how knowledge professionals utilise technology. In particular, the association between egocentric network properties (structure, position and tie) and information and communication technology (ICT) use of individuals in knowledge-intensive and geographically dispersed settings is explored. A novel triangulation methodology is adopted where in-depth interviews and observation techniques were utilised to develop constructs for the conceptual model which were then vetted by domain-level experts. A reliable and validated social network-based questionnaire survey is also developed to operationalise the model. Results show that task-level ICT …

Knowledge Sharing Through Virtual Layers In Regional Sustainable Development Networks, Rosemary A. Van Der Meer, Luba Torlina, Jamie Mustard

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Our research examines how the organisational structure facilitates knowledge sharing within the group. This case study examines a Victorian regional sustainable group using interviews and social network analysis to identify the group's organisational structure and its effect on knowledge sharing between the members. Our findings indicate that while the mixed membership, lack of hierarchy and layered structure are complex, these elements work together to provide members with a rich body of knowledge. The diversity and differences in membership are complimentary and combined can provide a more in-depth understanding of the regional sustainable development issues.

Knowledge Curation, Michael J. Madison

Articles

This Article addresses conservation, preservation, and stewardship of knowledge, and laws and institutions in the cultural environment that support those things. Legal and policy questions concerning creativity and innovation usually focus on producing new knowledge and offering access to it. Equivalent attention rarely is paid to questions of old knowledge. To what extent should the law, and particularly intellectual property law, focus on the durability of information and knowledge? To what extent does the law do so already, and to what effect? This article begins to explore those questions. Along the way, the article takes up distinctions among different types …

Beyond Invention: Patent As Knowledge Law, Michael J. Madison

Articles

The decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Bilski v. Kappos, concerning the legal standard for determining patentable subject matter under the American Patent Act, is used as a starting point for a brief review of historical, philosophical, and cultural influences on subject matter questions in both patent and copyright law. The article suggests that patent and copyright law jurisprudence was constructed initially by the Court with explicit attention to the relationship between these forms of intellectual property law and the roles of knowledge in society. Over time, explicit attention to that relationship has largely disappeared from …

A State-Based Knowledge Representation Approach For Information Logical Inconsistency Detection In Warning Systems, Jun Ma, Guangquan Zhang, Jie Lu

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

Detecting logical inconsistency in collected information is a vital function when deploying a knowledge-based warning system to monitor a specific application domain for the reason that logical inconsistency is often hidden from seemingly consistent information and may lead to unexpected results. Existing logical inconsistency detection methods usually focus on information stored in a knowledge base by using a well-defined general purpose knowledge representation approach, and therefore cannot fulfill the demands of a domain-specific situation. This paper first proposes a state-based knowledge representation approach, in which domain-specific knowledge is expressed by combinations of the relevant objects' states. Based on this approach, …

Reply: The Complexity Of Commons, Michael J. Madison, Brett M. Frischmann, Katherine J. Strandburg

Articles

Constructing Commons in the Cultural Environment, and responses to that article by Professors Thráinn Eggertsson, Wendy Gordon, Gregg Macey, Robert Merges, Elinor Ostrom, and Lawrence Solum. This short Reply comments briefly on each of those responses.

Constructing Commons In The Cultural Environment, Michael J. Madison, Brett M. Frischmann, Katherine J. Strandburg

Articles

This Essay considers the problem of understanding intellectual sharing/pooling arrangements and the construction of cultural commons arrangements. We argue that an adaptation of the approach pioneered by Elinor Ostrom and collaborators to commons arrangements in the natural environment may provide a template for the examination of constructed commons in the cultural environment. The approach promises to lead to a better understanding of how participants in commons and pooling arrangements structure their interactions in relation to the environment(s) within which they are embedded and with which they share interdependent relationships. Such an improved understanding is critical for obtaining a more complete …

Beyond Creativity: Copyright As Knowledge Law, Michael J. Madison

Articles

The Supreme Court’s copyright jurisprudence of the last 100 years has embraced the creativity trope. Spurred in part by themes associated with the story of “romantic authorship” in the 19th and 20th centuries, copyright critiques likewise ask, “Who is creative?” “How should creativity be protected (or not) and encouraged (or not)?” and “ Why protect creativity?” Policy debates and scholarship in recent years have focused on the concept of creativity in framing copyright disputes, transactions, and institutions, reinforcing the notion that these are the central copyright questions. I suggest that this focus on the creativity trope is unhelpful. I argue …

The Use Of Robotics, Gps And Gis Technologies To Encourage Stem-Oriented Learning In Youth, Viacheslav I. Adamchuk, Gwen Nugent, Bradley S. Barker, Neal Grandgenett

Teacher Education Faculty Proceedings & Presentations

In our technology rich world, the educational areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) play an increasingly essential role in developing well-prepared specialists for the 21st century workplace. Unfortunately, interest in theses areas has been declining for a few decades. Various innovative educational initiatives in formal and informal learning environments have been undertaken nationally to attempt to encourage STEM-oriented learning. Funded by the National Science Foundation, the particular program described in this paper focuses on middle school youth in non-formal learning environments. The program integrates educational robotics, Global Positioning System (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies to provide …

The University As Constructed Cultural Commons, Michael J. Madison, Brett M. Frischmann, Katherine J. Strandburg

Articles

This paper examines commons as socially constructed environments built via and alongside intellectual property rights systems. We sketch a theoretical framework for examining cultural commons across a broad variety of institutional and disciplinary contexts, and we apply that framework to the university and associated practices and institutions.

Network Structure, Ict Use And Performance Attitudes Of Knowledge Workers, Kon Shing Kenneth Chung, Liaquat Hossain

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

In this study, we examine the effect of social network structure and information and communication technologies (ICT) use on performance attitudes of knowledge-intensive workers in dispersed occupational communities. We first develop a theoretical framework and use it to develop a valid and reliable survey instrument. Secondly, we apply structural hole measures (constraint and efficiency) for exploring the association with ICT use and attitudes to performance. Empirical results suggest that density of knowledge workers' professional network is positively associated with ICT use whereas network efficiency is negatively correlated with ICT use at both task and communication-structure level. The findings show that …

Network Measures And Simulation For Knowledge Intensive Work Performance, Kon Shing Kenneth Chung, Liaquat Hossain, Joseph Davis

Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences - Papers: Part A

We describe the process of designing a reliable and valid instrument for collecting network and attribute data. Here, we explore the relationship between social networks structure, information and communication technologies (ICT) use and attitude towards performance in knowledge intensive work. We first develop a model for exploring the inherent relationship between the three concepts based on existing literature. We then develop appropriate item sets for measuring different independent (network structure, ICT use) and dependent variables (performance). We use the reliable item sets along with justifications to construct different phases of our instrument. In doing so, we introduce a simulation approach …