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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Individual Control Of Risk: Seat Belt Use, Subjective Norms And The Theory Of Reasoned Action, Juanita V. Field, Kenneth D. Boehm, Kevin M. Vincent, Jessica L. Sullivan
Individual Control Of Risk: Seat Belt Use, Subjective Norms And The Theory Of Reasoned Action, Juanita V. Field, Kenneth D. Boehm, Kevin M. Vincent, Jessica L. Sullivan
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
When faced with a risk for which an inexpensive solution is available, individuals often choose the risk rather than the solution. Protection from certain kinds of risks, e.g., using seat belts or condoms or insulating against radon, is largely under personal control, but individuals often choose not to comply with behaviors which would reduce the risk. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) has been used to predict when individuals will comply. The authors attempted to validate aspects of the TRA by the use of scenarios. Factor analysis of their data supports the theory that intention is a major determinate of …
Book Review, Angela V. Tafro
Book Review, Angela V. Tafro
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: VICE PRESIDENT AL GORE, EARTH IN THE BALANCE: ECOLOGY AND THE HUMAN SPIRIT. (Plume 1993) [368 pp.] Acknowledgements, bibliography, figures, foreword, illustrations, index, notes. LC 92- 34013; ISBN 0-452-26935-0. [Paper $13.00. 375 Hudson Street, New York NY 10014.]
Schools Respond To Risk Management Programs For Asbestos, Lead In Drinking Water And Radon, Ann Fisher, Lauraine G. Chestnut, Ruth H. Chapman, Robert D. Rowe
Schools Respond To Risk Management Programs For Asbestos, Lead In Drinking Water And Radon, Ann Fisher, Lauraine G. Chestnut, Ruth H. Chapman, Robert D. Rowe
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Based on a study of the three EPA-initiated, public school risk management programs noted in the title, the authors find that state agency involvement is an important factor in the success of such programs. They also find, e.g., that school districts are justifiably reluctant to comply with tentative programs
Book Review, Christine M. Wilkes
Book Review, Christine M. Wilkes
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: SHELDON KRIMSKY & ALONZO PLOUGH, ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS: COMMUNICATING Risks AS A SOCIAL PROCESS. (Auburn House 1988) [333 pp.] Acknowledgements, bibliographies, case chronologies, figures, foreword, glossaries of acronyms, index, notes. LC: 88-14467; ISBN: 0-8659-187-8. [$18,95 paper. 88 Post Road West, Westport CT 06881.]
Book Review, Scott Hogan
Book Review, Scott Hogan
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Review of: ROBERT A. SHANLEY, PRESIDENTIAL INFLUENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY. (Greenwood Press, 1992) [163 pp.] Abbreviations, acknowledgements, index, introduction, notes, selected bibliography. LC 92-15584; ISBN 0-313-25883-X. [$45.00 cloth. 88 Post Road West; Westport CT 06881.]
Proving Environmental Inequity In Siting Locally Unwanted Land Uses, Michael Greenberg
Proving Environmental Inequity In Siting Locally Unwanted Land Uses, Michael Greenberg
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper advances a process for determining whether, e.g., waste-to-energy facilities are disproportionately located in minority and poor communities, and the author asks others to join in searching for a scientifically sound and fair process of resolving conflicting interests in locating LULUs. He also discusses some difficult issues and argues that they need to be addressed by a representative panel.
Advancing Understanding Of Knowledge's Role In Lay Risk Perception, Branden B. Johnson
Advancing Understanding Of Knowledge's Role In Lay Risk Perception, Branden B. Johnson
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Emphasizing how knowledge affects lay Risk perception, summarizing studies and suggesting further research, the author differentiates between knowledge production, knowledge dissemination and information processing as affected by, e.g., heuristics and Risk aversion. He also suggests that better understanding of lay knowledge can also illuminate experts' hazard knowledge.
Procedural Choices In Regulatory Science, Sheila Jasanoff
Procedural Choices In Regulatory Science, Sheila Jasanoff
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper compares four approaches to using science in regulatory decision making - one very similar to the Science Court proposal. Professor Jasanoff argues generally that that proposal would be less useful than procedures more sensitive to the distinctive characteristics of regulatory science.
The Science Court: Reminiscence And Retrospective, Allan Mazur
The Science Court: Reminiscence And Retrospective, Allan Mazur
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
A self-described "agnostic" on the merits of the Science Court proposal describes how he independently arrived at a similar notion and played a role in efforts to secure a major test of the proposal. Professor Mazur also analyzes university-based experiments structured around that model and concludes that the controversial "judges" are probably unnecessary to achieve his original objectives.
Elitism Vs. Checks And Balances In Communicating Scientific Information To The Public, Arthur Kantrowitz
Elitism Vs. Checks And Balances In Communicating Scientific Information To The Public, Arthur Kantrowitz
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The "father of the Science Court" describes his objective in proposing the institution as it has come to be known, his efforts to get a major public test of the concept, and insights gained since the initial proposal was made in 1967.
Science Courts, Evidentiary Procedures And Mixed Science-Policy Decisions, Carl F. Cranor
Science Courts, Evidentiary Procedures And Mixed Science-Policy Decisions, Carl F. Cranor
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
This paper analyzes the potential for science courts to address the social need to regulate human carcinogens and concludes that, on balance, it is not high. From this vantage point, Professor Cranor suggests desiderata for application in other areas where science courts might be used.
Consensus Development At Nih: What Went Wrong, Itzhak Jacoby
Consensus Development At Nih: What Went Wrong, Itzhak Jacoby
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
A close observer identifies the Science Court concept as inspiring consensus development conferences at the National Institutes of Health and describes the extent to which they have followed the model. Professor Jacoby also argues that, if the model were more closely followed, conference objectives would be better realized.
Route Fatality Risk As A Measure Of Travel Death Risk, Kopl Halperin, Jim Redman
Route Fatality Risk As A Measure Of Travel Death Risk, Kopl Halperin, Jim Redman
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
The authors examine the route fatality Risk of routes in Erie County, PA and show that some pose a disproportionately high-Risk to users. They argue that transportation safety could be greatly increased by relatively small expenditures and suggest that the most cost-effective Risk amelioration is speed limit control.
A Comparative Analysis Of Six Methods For Calculating Travel Fatality Risk, Kopl Halperin
A Comparative Analysis Of Six Methods For Calculating Travel Fatality Risk, Kopl Halperin
RISK: Health, Safety & Environment (1990-2002)
Extending the analysis in the previous article, Professor Halperin examines the implications of alternative calculations of travel fatality Risk for public policy and individual decision making. He finds, e.g., that commonly reported death rates tend to minimize the relative Risk of auto travel.