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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Voter Ideology, Tax Exporting, And State And Local Tax Structure, John M. Foster
Voter Ideology, Tax Exporting, And State And Local Tax Structure, John M. Foster
Theses and Dissertations--Public Policy and Administration
State and local governments play an important role in financing and delivering public services in the United States. In 2008, state and local governments collected 57 percent of total federal, state, and local revenue (Urban Institute and Brookings Institution, Tax Policy Center, 2009). The decentralization of fiscal responsibility has enabled a high degree of variation in state and local tax structures to emerge. This dissertation presents two empirical studies that extend the positive literature on state and local tax policy.
The extant literature contains evidence of a direct relationship between voter ideology and state and local tax progressivity. However, the …
E Pluribus Urbes: Interest Group Organization’S Effect On The Fragmentation And Governance Of American Urban Areas, Matthew L. Howell
E Pluribus Urbes: Interest Group Organization’S Effect On The Fragmentation And Governance Of American Urban Areas, Matthew L. Howell
Theses and Dissertations--Public Policy and Administration
American cities have proliferated in the post-War era. More than 2,000 new cities were founded between 1950 and 2000. While the history of the local government boom has been documented, research into urban fragmentation has explored why there is no consolidation of metropolitan areas rather than exploring why Americans chose fragmentation initially.
This dissertation proposes that individuals create new jurisdictions because individuals prefer to have governments which give them the services individuals desire, even if they could have similar (but not perfect) services cheaper in a larger jurisdiction. Individuals, however, must balance the benefit they get from better fitting cities …
The Effects Of Elasticity On Government Revenue Of China, Maiduo Li
The Effects Of Elasticity On Government Revenue Of China, Maiduo Li
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
This Capstone evaluates the elasticity of the revenue system in China, by classifying the revenue sources into three categories: the income tax, turnover tax, and charges and fees. By comparing the annual data and specific elasticity of each category between China and the United States, it is found that the revenue system in China, from 2007 to 2010, was relatively inelastic while the major component of the total revenue keeps pace with the steady growth of the economy. Such a revenue system, though it cannot have an explosive growth when the economy is turning better, can provide sustainable, stable revenue …
Influence Of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs On Acetaminophen-Related Liver Toxicity, Aaron Barcelo
Influence Of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs On Acetaminophen-Related Liver Toxicity, Aaron Barcelo
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
No executive summary.
Can Drug Court Results Be Predicted? Completion And Termination Of Drug Court Participants, Christopher D. Geisler
Can Drug Court Results Be Predicted? Completion And Termination Of Drug Court Participants, Christopher D. Geisler
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
The substantial growth in Kentucky’s prison population since the 1980s has resulted in increased spending on corrections, both the total amount and as a percentage of total general fund spending. The sustained growth in corrections spending combined with shrinking budgetary realities has created an incentive to explore ways to reduce costs without compromising public safety. Community supervision programs are one alternative to addressing this problem. They are an attractive approach to dealing with certain types of criminals because the cost is significantly lower than incarceration. Drug courts are an example of community supervision that allows drug offenders to avoid imprisonment …
Do College Football Games Affect The Level Of Crime In The Local Community?, Micah Johnson
Do College Football Games Affect The Level Of Crime In The Local Community?, Micah Johnson
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
On the local news channels in major college football towns, there are anecdotal stories during that detail celebratory riots that took place during or after a college football game. Few empirical studies have focused on whether there is a relationship between college football games and crime. This paper attempts to determine that relationship by exploiting the fact that college football games are played in a home stadium and an away stadium.
More specifically, the study addressed the following two questions:
Do jurisdictions in which a home football game is played differ in crime rate from those where an away game …
Analyzing The Retroreflectivity Mandate, Karyn L. Leverenz
Analyzing The Retroreflectivity Mandate, Karyn L. Leverenz
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
The purpose of this analysis is to examine the costs and benefits of the federal mandate that requires local agencies to assess, replace and maintain the retroreflectivity of all traffic signs that are on a public road as outlined in 23 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 655, Subpart F (FHWA, 2011). It is also a requirement that all signs be inventoried along with their GPS locations for easier maintenance in the future.
Sign retroreflectivity maintenance is important because crash rates at night are much higher than they are during the day despite there being fewer cars on the road. …
An Exploratory Study Of Parking In A Lexington Neighborhood, Ed Mccarthy
An Exploratory Study Of Parking In A Lexington Neighborhood, Ed Mccarthy
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
This study looked to test parking utilization rates in the Linden Walk, Aylesford Place and Transylvania Park (300 Block) neighborhood, while also studying resident perceptions of parking. It was concluded that Transylvania Park’s Residential Permit Parking resulted in underutilization of parking, while Linden Walk and Aylesford Place’s free on-street parking resulted in overutilization of parking due to spillover from the University of Kentucky. The purpose of the study was to determine if Lexington-Fayette Urban County Government should invest the resources to conduct an official parking study of the aforementioned Lexington neighborhood.
A comparison of research findings from this neighborhood against …
Policy Outcomes In Indonesia Before And After Democratization, Aung Kyaw Phyo
Policy Outcomes In Indonesia Before And After Democratization, Aung Kyaw Phyo
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
Different types of regimes face different political situations and have different incentives to pursue different policies. In this paper, I am examining whether there are any differences in economic and social policy outcomes under democracy and dictatorship in Indonesia. The study is divided into two periods. The first period covers the authoritarian rule of President Suharto(1966 to 1998) and the second period covers the new democratic government(1999 to 2010). I set out by analyzing the rules used in distinguishing democracy from dictatorship and discussing the process by which Suharto's regime was categorized as a dictatorship and the Indonesian government after …
Federal Tax Policy And Charitable Giving: Revisiting The 1985 Study By Charles T. Clotfelter, Mary Catherine Tinnon
Federal Tax Policy And Charitable Giving: Revisiting The 1985 Study By Charles T. Clotfelter, Mary Catherine Tinnon
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
This study was inspired and given its basic research design by a study conducted in 1985 by Charles T. Clotfelter, which sought to explain charitable giving by both individuals and corporations in relation to federal tax policy. Clotfelter determined that federal tax policy did influence charitable giving by corporations. The issue to be addressed here is, do the Clotfelter findings still hold true today?
The focus of this current study is on charitable giving by corporations only and the dataset was built from the same IRS Statistics of Income that Clotfelter used. Additional data were added from the Bureau of …
Adequate Yearly Progress And Dropouts: An Analysis Of Kentucky High Schools & Districts, Michelle Schardein
Adequate Yearly Progress And Dropouts: An Analysis Of Kentucky High Schools & Districts, Michelle Schardein
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
Education accountability measures, especially since the passage of No Child Left Behind, have been assessed for a variety of factors in empirical research. A large portion of this literature finds that overall, accountability measures increase performance, but also increase the achievement gap. These findings have inspired this research to examine what other marginal groups of students have been affected by the unintended reaction to the consequence-based incentives found in minimum competency accountability programs, such as No Child Left Behind.
In particular, this research looks at how the changes in a high school or school district’s Adequate Yearly Progress marks affect …
Privatization And Performance In The Implementation Of Temporary Assistance To Needy Families, Adam Michael Butz
Privatization And Performance In The Implementation Of Temporary Assistance To Needy Families, Adam Michael Butz
Theses and Dissertations--Political Science
In response to the passage of the Personal Responsibility Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) and its lead cash assistance program Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF), states have taken unique and divergent approaches to welfare policy implementation. One popular approach to workfare delivery, known as privatization, involves contracting with non-profit and for-profit entities operating within the private sector. The General Accounting Office reports that nearly every state is privatizing TANF services to some degree through third-party contracts, but very little is understood about why variation in contracting exists and the ramifications for the program outcomes of welfare recipients. This dissertation …
Characteristics Of Kentucky Agricultural Operations Participating In Nrcs Conservation Programs, Carmen T. Agouridis
Characteristics Of Kentucky Agricultural Operations Participating In Nrcs Conservation Programs, Carmen T. Agouridis
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
The Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) designs and promotes a wide variety of conservation practices and programs that enhance the environment by reducing soil erosion, improving water quality, and enhancing and creating wildlife habitat. The impact of these practices and programs is largely dependent on the voluntary participation of landowners. Thus, central to the success of the NRCS conservation programs is an understanding of the characteristics of landowners and operations participating in these programs.
Using operator and operation characteristics from the 1997, 2002, and 2007 Censuses of Agriculture and controlling for county fixed effects, this study 1) identifies significant characteristics …
Has The Emergence Of Charter Schools Affected Student Performance In Traditional Public Schools In Shared Markets? Recent Evidence From Public Schools In Ohio, Robert Akers
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
This paper addresses a key issue in the charter school debate, which is whether or not the existence of charter schools in a specific locality causes neighboring traditional public schools to improve their effectiveness. Measuring four student outcomes in Ohio counties where charter school enrollment represents at least five percent of the total public school-age population yielded mixed results. Standardized test scores in math and reading failed to keep pace with state averages but progress was made closing the gap in graduation rates and Performance Index Scores (the PIS is a weighted score given by the Ohio Department of Education …
The American Recovery And Reinvestment Act Of 2009: An Investigation Into The Determinants Of Funds Awarded To The States, Kaitlin Bromann
The American Recovery And Reinvestment Act Of 2009: An Investigation Into The Determinants Of Funds Awarded To The States, Kaitlin Bromann
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 is one of the largest government responses to an economic crisis in the history of the United States. The purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of the total funds awarded to states by federal agencies in the Recovery Act. A review of budgetary theory, distributive politics, and electoral vote maximization theory provides context of historical determinants of resource allocation by the federal government.
Then from this literature I develop a model including economic and political variables. The dependent variable in my model is the total funds awarded to the …
An Analysis Of Regularizations Of Undocumented Residents In Spain And The Underground Economy: Insight For United States Policy Makers, Jon R. Davis
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
There were an estimated 11 million undocumented residents in the United States in 2010. The issue of undocumented migration and how it should be addressed is a contentious topic in the United States. However, the discussions about how to address illegal migration into the United States rarely include any comparisons to other measures that have been taken in other countries. There are many countries, such as Spain, that have large undocumented resident populations.
This analysis looks at policies that have been enacted in Spain since 1985 to enable undocumented residents to receive legal resident status, referred to as regularizations and …
Congressional Voting On The Federal Debt Ceiling: An Analysis Of Voting Behavior In The House Of Representatives, Juanita Espinoza
Congressional Voting On The Federal Debt Ceiling: An Analysis Of Voting Behavior In The House Of Representatives, Juanita Espinoza
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
This paper is an analysis on House Representative voting patterns in regards to increasing the federal debt ceiling. This study relied on data obtained from Howard Rosenthal and Keith Poole on roll call data from 1993 until 2011, with specific attention to House of Representative votes.
This paper focuses on the federal debt ceiling and the recent increases to continue financing government operations. The federal debt has been increasing at unprecedented levels due to the lack of economic growth and financial crisis that have impacted the United States. The impact of increasing the federal debt limit is examined as well …
Influence Of Medical Marijuana Programs On Controlled Substance Utilization, James A. Farley Ii
Influence Of Medical Marijuana Programs On Controlled Substance Utilization, James A. Farley Ii
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
Currently there are no studies examining the impact of medical cannabis programs on controlled substance prescribing. The intent of this study is to conduct a preliminary investigation into whether cannabis substitution for prescription drugs results in lower rates of controlled substance use. The hypothesis is that controlled substance use (in this project, defined by controlled substance supply) will decline in states after the introduction of medical cannabis programs.
State and year–specific per capita retail distributions of the seven most commonly prescribed opioid drugs (fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meperidine, methadone, morphine, and oxycodone) were obtained from the Automation of Reports and Consolidated …
Fuel Price, State Taxation, And Fleet Mileage Reduction, Kris Harmon
Fuel Price, State Taxation, And Fleet Mileage Reduction, Kris Harmon
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
This paper utilizes several models to gauge the annual impact of state gasoline taxes and pump prices on the vehicle miles traveled in the United States. Regression models in first differences were used to analyze annual changes in the variables. The models indicate that annual increases in pump prices correspond to significant decreases in mileage, while state fuel taxes do not significantly impact mileage. With local, state, and federal taxation only composing 12 percent of the pump price of fuel, the impact of changes to these taxes are diminished. This suggests that if policymakers choose to adopt a policy of …
The Impact Of The Shared Property Tax System On The Localities' Fiscal Capacity, Sun Ki Kwon
The Impact Of The Shared Property Tax System On The Localities' Fiscal Capacity, Sun Ki Kwon
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG), South Korea, introduced the Shared Property Tax System in 2008 in order to mitigate fiscal disparities among twenty five autonomous districts located in its jurisdiction. The new program, introduced at the end of a long controversy, was influenced by St. Paul-Minneapolis (Twin Cities) Metropolitan Area Fiscal Disparities Program in Minnesota.
I examine two questions in my capstone project: (1) whether the program has increased fiscal capacity 1 of each district over the last five years as policy makers expected, and (2) whether the program of the SMG has contributed to relieve fiscal disparities among localities.
To …
Educational Migration: Brain Drain In Kentucky, Dustin Pugel
Educational Migration: Brain Drain In Kentucky, Dustin Pugel
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
Kentucky has been steadily growing in its bachelor degree holder production over the past ten years, with almost 4500 more college degree holders produced per year in 2010 than in 2000. The literature has shown that this is good news for the economic growth prospects of the state, because a more highly skilled work force means a higher potential for production. This newly educated workforce, however, will not help Kentucky to grow if they take those skills elsewhere.
Using five-year American Community Survey data for Kentuckians over the age of 17, I was able to determine that Kentucky is not …
Corporate Income Tax Credits: Examining The Relationship Between Tax Credits And Employment, Elena Yatskovskaya
Corporate Income Tax Credits: Examining The Relationship Between Tax Credits And Employment, Elena Yatskovskaya
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
Tax incentives - in particular, corporate tax credits - have been a prominent topic of discussion among government administrators, public economists, and political scholars. This capstone project will contribute to the discussion by addressing the relationship between tax credits and employment, and provide an empirical analysis to aid in determining the effect that tax credits may have on employment.
The study uses aggregate data spanning ten years, from 1999 to 2008, and representing 18 industrial sectors with 180 observations. The data are analyzed with the help of the two panel data regression models: Fixed Effects and Between Effects. The …
Nutrition Policy, Nonmarket Failure, And The Obesity Epidemic, James Woodward
Nutrition Policy, Nonmarket Failure, And The Obesity Epidemic, James Woodward
MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which are based on the Dietary Goals for the United States, represent the federal government’s first attempt to improve the nation’s health by recommending that Americans avoid certain foods. The Guidelines were based on what was perceived, by the government and nutritionists alike, to be solid scientific evidence that consumption of fat and saturated fat in particular, increase the risk of developing heart disease. They also emphasized, and continue to emphasize, the importance of exercise and calorie restriction as the primary means of maintaining a healthy weight. In short, the Guidelines sought to …