Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

College Campus Restorativeness: Examining Relationships With Personality And Space Usage, Laura Mcclelland, Sierra Nussbaum

Midwest Social Sciences Journal

Current literature on restoration of directed attention focuses on outdoor environments, even though humans spend a significant amount of time indoors. This is especially true for college students, whose study activities commonly result in directed attention fatigue. The present research provides an important, foundational understanding of collective personality, its influence on restorativeness, and the impact of how spaces are used. These variables were examined for indoor environments on a university campus. Participants were 615 undergraduates who completed an online survey about how they use campus spaces, restorativeness of those spaces (Perceived Restorativeness Scale), and personality (IPIP-NEO-120). Key results indicated that …

Measuring The Relationship Between The Big Five Personality Traits And Time Spent On Social Media, Jenna Kaitlyn Cordaro

Undergraduate Research

This study examined the effects of personality on social media usage. Ninety-seven participants completed a Social Media Survey that asked them to use the iPhone “Screen Time” settings to record the time spent on social media applications in a given week. They then completed the 44-item Big Five Inventory to measure their personality based on openness, contentiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. It was hypothesized that people with higher levels of all big five traits will have higher social media usage. Similarly, it was hypothesized that people who score higher on openness, agreeableness, and extraversion will use Snapchat the most. It …

Effects Of Background Cues On Videoconference Interview Ratings, Deborah M. Powell, Maria V. Kavanagh, Bethany E. Wiseman, Audrey Hodgins

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Interviewers regularly make personality-related attributions in interviews, whether purposefully or not. In this study, we examined whether changing a contextual cue in a videoconference interview (the cleanliness of the room where the interviewee is located) influenced interviewers’ ratings of interviewee conscientiousness and interview performance ratings. We conducted a between-subjects experiment (N = 389) and manipulated three factors: background cleanliness (clean vs. messy) x location (office vs. home) x gender of job candidate (man vs. woman). The dependent variables were conscientiousness ratings and interview performance ratings. There was a main effect of cleanliness on conscientiousness and on interview performance ratings; …

Using Workplace Personality To Guide Improvement Of Law Enforcement Selection, Chase A. Winterberg, Michael A. Tapia, Bradley J. Brummel

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Recurrent police-public conflict suggests misalignment in desired police behavior between police and the public. We explored differences in desired police characteristics between police and members of the American public. Although racial minorities endorsed more negative attitudes of police overall, we found no meaningful differences in desired police characteristics between police and the public or between racial minority and majority participants. Second, we combined multiple criterion-related validation studies in similar jobs via meta-analyses and synthetic validity analyses to identify personality predictors of police performance dimensions. Third, we assessed base rates and adverse impact of these personality characteristics in police. Incumbent officers …

Note: Structured Psychometrics In Biglaw Talent Acquisition: Ai-Driven Quantitative Fit, Joseph J. Kim

Notre Dame Journal on Emerging Technologies

This Note combines a number of perspectives and disciplines to proffer a unique suggestion toward recognizing better talent and acquiring a new intraindustry competitive edge.

Sociability Moderates The Negative Association Between Covid-Related Disruptions And Life Satisfaction, Amna Khan, Katherine L. Fiori

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Disruptions in individuals’ lives during the COVID-19 pandemic have been associated with increased mental health problems and decreases in life satisfaction, although recent research indicates that these effects are not uniform across individuals. The purpose of the present study was to examine the role of sociability in moderating the association between COVID-related disruptions and life satisfaction in a sample of adults. Using data from an online survey given to N = 166 adults, COVID-19 disruptions related to conflicts with household members or roommates and disruptions in care during the pandemic were negatively associated with life satisfaction. Sociability was found to …

The Reliability And Validity Of The Open Enneagram Of Personality Scales, Kayleigh Kastelein

ELAIA

The purpose of this study is to assess the reliability and validity of the thirty-six-item Open Enneagram of Personality Scales (OEPS). Our general hypothesis was that the OEPS would show adequate reliability evidence but not validity evidence. Participants were acquired through a small denominationally affiliated Midwest university, Amazon Mechanical Turk, and social media. Test-retest reliability was done with 249 participants, whereas internal consistency reliability, factor analysis, and correlations with the Big Five Inventory (BFI; John, Donahue, & Kentle, 1991) were done using 1,039 participants. An average Pearson’s correlation of .68 (range: 0.54 - 0.75) showed inadequate test-retest reliability for the …

The Connection Between Body Modification And Personality, Taylor Shoemaker

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

Previous research has been inconsistent in its findings regarding the associations between body modifications (e.g., piercings, tattoos, augmentation, scarification, split tongue) and the Big Five personality traits (i.e., openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism). All traits have been found to be significantly correlated with body modification in at least one study, but their significance differed from study to study. The purpose of the current study was to examine the associations between body modification and each domain of personality concurrently to add to the literature surrounding differences between modified and unmodified individuals. To participate in this study, participants were asked …

The Effect Of English Language Proficiency And Glossary Provision On Personality Measurement, Damian Canagasuriam, Sharmili Jong, Wendy Darr

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Research on English language learners suggests that language proficiency can affect the validity of standardized test scores. This study examined whether the provision of a glossary as a test accommodation during personality test completion influences the measurement of personality. Using an experimental research design, participants recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and Prime Panels (n = 206) were first categorized as having limited or high English language proficiency and then randomly assigned to a glossary condition. The results indicate that providing a within-text glossary does not impact the construct validity and reliability of personality measures. The results also suggest that …

The Role Of Personality In Early Alliance Formation In The Context Of Clinical Supervision Of Psychotherapists In Training, Cynthia Bilodeau, Stéphanie Lalande, Andréanne Kyle

Journal of Educational Supervision

The literature suggests that working alliance is an important predictor of clinical supervision outcomes. However, little is known about the individual factors that influence the development and maintenance of the working alliance. This study aims to explore the role of supervisor and trainee personality traits in the development of early working alliances, as well as supervisor and trainee concordance rates in the context of clinical supervision. This study used the NEO-PI-3 measure to assess personality traits and the Working Alliance Inventory-Supervisor and Trainee Versions (WAI) measures to assess working alliance ratings. Results suggest that supervisors rate the strength of their …

The Minor Fall, The Major Lift? College Students Do Not Report Listening To Mood-Congruent Music, Hannah N. Leonhardt, James Bunde, Andrew Beer

University of South Carolina Upstate Student Research Journal

Music has become an integral part of daily life in Western culture. Individuals use music for various purposes including emotion regulation, and each individual has different tendencies and preferences for how they use music. Previous research indicates that people are likely to listen to mood-congruent music and that personality characteristics--specifically those of the Big 5 personality inventory-- may predict music preference and how people choose to use music for emotion regulation.

To further address these questions, we assessed personality and music usage in a sample of undergraduate students. We predicted that affect-related traits like Neuroticism and Extraversion would predict both …

Personality Traits, Religiosity, And Academic Major, Ryan Schmid

Journal of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research

Personality traits are intimately involved with many, if not all, human endeavors, including the pursuit of a college degree. The purpose of this study was to see if there were differences in personality traits amongst academic majors and religiosity levels at Southern Adventist University. It also examined if there were differences in religiosity across academic majors. The differences in academic major and religiosity were compared between both gender and ethnicity. Fifty students from seven academic major categories were given personality and religiosity measures during a class, a LifeGroup, and several arranged meeting times. The results of these measures yielded several …

Job Seekers’ Impression Management On Facebook: Scale Development, Antecedents, And Outcomes, Vanessa Myers, Jennifer P. B. Price, Nicolas Roulin, Alexandra Duval, Shayda Sobhani

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Many organizations rely on social media like Facebook as a screening or selection tool; however, research still largely lags behind practice. For instance, little is known about how individuals are strategically utilizing their Facebook profile while applying for jobs. This research examines job seekers’ impression management (IM) tactics on Facebook, personality traits associated with IM use, and associations between IM and job-search outcomes. Results from two complementary studies demonstrate that job seekers engage in three main Facebook IM tactics: defensive, assertive deceptive, and assertive honest IM. Job seekers lower in Honesty–Humility use more Facebook IM tactics, whereas those higher in …

The Effect Of Organizational Culture On Faking In The Job Interview, Damian Canagasuriam, Nicolas Roulin

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Deceptive impression management (i.e., faking) may alter interviewers’ perceptions of applicants’ qualifications and, consequently, decrease the predictive validity of the job interview. In examining faking antecedents, research has given little attention to situational variables. Using a between-subjects experiment, this research addressed that gap by examining whether organizational culture impacted both the extent to which applicants faked and the manner in which they faked during a job interview. Analyses of variance revealed that organizational culture did not affect the extent to which applicants faked. However, when taking into account applicants’ perceptions of the ideal candidate, organizational culture was found to indirectly …

Identifying Faking On Forced-Choice Personality Items Using Mouse Tracking, Irina Kuzmich, Charles Scherbaum

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

This research utilizes mouse tracking as a potential behavioral method to examine cognitive processes underlying faking on forced-choice personality inventories. Mouse tracking is a method from social categorization research that captures a variety of metrics related to motor movements, which are linked to cognitive processing. To explore the utility of this method, we examined differences in the mouse tracking metrics of those instructed to respond honestly or to fake. Our findings show that there is a distinguishable difference in the behavioral response of those who are faking when responding to pairs of personality descriptors presented in a forced-choice format compared …

A New Investigation Of Fake Resistance Of A Multidimensional Forced-Choice Measure: An Application Of Differential Item/Test Functioning, Philseok Lee, Seang-Hwane Joo

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

To address faking issues associated with Likert-type personality measures, multidimensional forced-choice (MFC) measures have recently come to light as important components of personnel assessment systems. Despite various efforts to investigate the fake resistance of MFC measures, previous research has mainly focused on the scale mean differences between honest and faking conditions. Given the recent psychometric advancements in MFC measures (e.g., Brown & Maydeu-Olivares, 2011; Stark et al., 2005; Lee et al., 2019; Joo et al., 2019), there is a need to investigate the fake resistance of MFC measures through a new methodological lens. This research investigates the fake resistance of …

Inter-Relationships Among Several Person-Related Attributes In Reading And Metacomprehension: Complexity And Educational Implications, Lin-Miao L. Agler, Larisa K. Alfsen

Journal of Educational Research and Practice

Reading is one of the most basic academic skills. An accurate monitor of one’s text comprehension (i.e., metacomprehension) is essential for effective reading as it guides learning and choices of appropriate strategy used to maximize overall understanding. The processes of reading comprehension and metacomprehension are affected by text-related, task-related, and reader- /person-related factors. One of the two purposes of this report is to provide a brief review of consistent research findings on the interrelationships among several person-related variables and the complexity of those associations in reading and metacomprehension. The person variables discussed include personality, motivation, goal orientations, self-regulation, reading strategy …

Personality Patterns In Psychopathology: An Examination Of Lower-Order Personality Facets, Depression, And Anxiety, Tori Jansen

The Pegasus Review: UCF Undergraduate Research Journal

Past research concerning personality and psychological disorders have focused predominantly on higher- order personality traits. However, investigating the lower order facets of personality traits may reveal unique aspects of psychological disorders. Participants were asked to complete a survey evaluating the relationships between symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Social Anxiety Disorder. Associations between these disorders and positive and negative affect were also investigated. This study revealed numerous associations between each of the disorders and various facets compiling each trait. Of particular interest are the links found between facets of Agreeableness and Openness to Experience and all three …

Older Adults’ Life Satisfaction: The Roles Of Seeking Financial Advice And Personality Traits, Swarn Chatterjee, Lu Fan

Journal of Financial Therapy

This paper uses 1,237 respondents from the Health and Retirement Study dataset to examine the relationships among personality, financial advice-seeking, and life satisfaction of U.S. older adults. The results indicate that extraversion is negatively associated with seeking professional financial advice, while conscientiousness and openness were associated positively with seeking professional financial advice. Individuals with a neurotic personality trait were positively associated with seeking financial advice from families and friends. Additionally, seeking professional financial advice, and being extraverted and conscientious, were positively associated with life satisfaction among older adults. The implications for financial therapists and counselors include suggestions for implementation of …

Describing Gambling Affinity: The Role Of Personality Traits, John Grable, So-Hyun Joo, Eun Jin Kwak

Journal of Financial Therapy

This study was undertaken to determine the degree to which personality dimensions provide insights into who is likely to gamble a significant dollar amount at a casino. Using measures of the Big Five, respondents were grouped into one of the following four personality clusters: (a) Moderate Trait Scores, in which no trait dimension was dominant; (b) Elevated Trait Scores, where a respondent scored highly across trait dimensions; (c) Agreeably Conscientious, in which a respondent scored highly on the agreeableness and conscientious trait domains; and (d) Highly Extraverted, where a respondent’s dominant trait dimension was extraversion. Respondents who were classified as …

Is It Complicated? Validity Of Personality Interactions For Predicting Performance, Jacob C. Bradburn, Ann Marie Ryan, Anthony Boyce, Tamera Mckinniss, Jason Way

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Research on personality within the organizational sciences and for employee selection typically focuses on main effects, as opposed to interactive effects between personality variables. Large, multi-organizational datasets involving two different measures of personality were examined to test theoretically driven trait by trait interactions in predicting job performance. Interactive effects of Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and Extraversion, Extraversion and Conscientiousness, and Emotional Stability and Conscientiousness were hypothesized as predicting overall job performance. However, these hypothesized effects were generally not supported. Implications for personality assessment are discussed.

Charismatic Personality Characteristics As Perceived By The University Students In Tulkarm Governorate, Ziad Barakat

Journal of the Arab American University مجلة الجامعة العربية الامريكية للبحوث

This study aimed to identify the charismatic personality characteristics as perceived by the university students in Tulkarm Governorate. For this purpose, the Charismatic Personality Characteristics Scale was applied to a randomly selected stratified sample of (478) male and female universities students from Al- Quds Open University (Tulkarm branch), An-Najah National University (Faculty of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine), and Palestine Technical University, Khadoori . The study found out that the participants highly appreciated the charismatic personality characteristics, and showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the responses of the participants to the scale with regard to the field of …

Personality Traits As Covariates Of Rock-Climbing Performance In Novice Rock Climbers, Courtney Gearhart

ELAIA

Background Existing literature has connected heightened levels of conscientiousness and grit and lowered levels of neuroticism to greater general athletic performance (Courneya & Hellsten, 1998; McEwan, Boudreau, Curran, & Rhodes, 2019; Steca et al., 2018). Rockclimbing is a growing field of interest and the question of whether conscientiousness, neuroticism, and grit are correlated with rock-climbing performance and improvement remains unexplored.

Methods To assess relationships among conscientiousness, neuroticism, grit, and rock-climbing performance, twenty-three undergraduate students with no significant climbing experience participated in a two-part study at a small religious university in the Midwest. Participants were recruited through professors known by the …

Pilot Study Of The Contributions Of Achievement-Striving And Dutifulness On Intimate Partner Violence In Intimate Dyads, Ernest M. Oleksy, Liz Goncy

The Downtown Review

The purpose of this pilot study was to further our knowledge about the interaction of trait conscientiousness of one’s self and one’s partner with the occurrence of intimate partner violence (IPV) as we prepare for a larger study that will utilize this pilot study’s protocol. Conscientiousness has been demonstrated to be positively correlated with increased satisfaction in couples (Malouff, Thorsteinsson, Schutte, Bhullar, & Rooke, 2010), while different facets of conscientiousness have been demonstrated to have differential effects on relational behavior, like achievement-striving and duty’s opposing effects on commitment dilemmas (Moon, 2001). Furthermore, the negative correlation between conscientiousness and deviance (Rao, …

Validity Evidence For Off-The-Shelf Language-Based Personality Assessment Using Video Interviews: Convergent And Discriminant Relationships With Self And Observer Ratings, Louis Hickman, Louis Tay, Sang Eun Woo

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

Technological advances have led to the development of automated methods for personnel assessment that are purported to augment or outperform human judgment. However, empirical research providing validity evidence for such techniques in the selection context remains scarce. In addressing this void, this study focuses on language-based personality assessments using an off-the-shelf, commercially available product (i.e., IBM Watson Personality Insights) in the context of video-based interviews. The scores derived from the language-based assessment were compared to self and observer ratings of personality to examine convergent and discriminant relationships. The language-based assessment scores showed low convergence with self-ratings for openness, and with …

Personality And Coping, Alyssa Seely

Intuition: The BYU Undergraduate Journal of Psychology

No abstract provided.

Criterion-Related Validity Of Forced-Choice Personality Measures: A Cautionary Note Regarding Thurstonian Irt Versus Classical Test Theory Scoring, Peter A. Fisher, Chet Robie, Neil D. Christiansen, Andrew B. Speer, Leann Schneider

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

This study examined criterion-related validity for job-related composites of forced-choice personality scores against job performance using both Thurstonian Item Response Theory (TIRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT) scoring methods. Correlations were computed across 11 different samples that differed in job or role within a job. A meta-analysis of the correlations (k = 11 and N = 613) found a higher average corrected correlation for CTT (mean ρ = .38) than for TIRT (mean ρ = .00). Implications and directions for future research are discussed.

Who Is Conducting “Better” Employment Interviews? Antecedents Of Structured Interview Components Use, Nicolas Roulin, Joshua S. Bourdage, Timothy G. Wingate

Personnel Assessment and Decisions

The employment interview remains a unique paradox. One the one hand, decades of research demonstrates that using more structured components (e.g., question consistency, evaluation standardization) can largely improve the psychometric properties of interviews. On the other hand, although interviews are almost universally used, many interviewers still resist using structured formats. We examined the use of seven structure components by 131 professional interviewers, and their association with three types of antecedents: interviewers’ background (e.g., experience, training), the focus of the interview (selection vs. recruitment), and interviewers’ personality (based on the HEXACO model). Interviewers’ background (i.e., training) and the focus of the …

Intelligence, Complexity, And Individuality In Sheep, Lori Marino, Debra Merskin

Animal Sentience

Domestic sheep (Ovis aries) are among the earliest animals domesticated for human use. They are consumed worldwide as mutton, hogget, and lamb, kept as wool and milk producers, and used extensively in scientific research. The popular stereotype is that sheep are docile, passive, unintelligent, and timid, but a review of the research on their behavior, affect, cognition, and personality reveals that they are complex, individualistic, and social.

Casting A Sheep’S Eye On Science, David M. Peña-Guzmán

Animal Sentience

Marino & Merskin review evidence that sheep are not just passive and reactive creatures. They have personalities that vary from individual to individual and endure over time. It follows that we must rethink what it means to study them scientifically.