Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Predictive Abilities Of Past Performance Versus Self-Efficacy, Across Contexts And Goal Types, Alexandra Oldham

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Self-Efficacy (SE) has long been established as an important predictor of performance in many settings, including academics and athletics. In both of our studies, we were examined the relationship between performance and SE to determine which was more predictive of the other. Participants completed two academic tasks, two athletic tasks, and a SE measure. In the first study participants defined success for efficacy estimates. In the second experiment three different types of goals were utilized to define success as an additional independent variable. In both experiments we found a significant relationship between SE and performance, but past performance was a …

The Role Of Parental Locus Of Control In The Relations Among Early Childhood Temperament, Parenting Practices, And Child Externalizing Behavior, Amanda Kathryn Stary

Dissertations

Child externalizing behaviors are a common reason for children’s referral for mental health services, and parenting practices are a primary target of efficacious interventions. In turn, child temperament and parent beliefs, such as parental self-efficacy and locus of control, relate to use of specific parenting practices. The present study aimed to evaluate whether parental locus of control and related components moderate the indirect effect of preschool-aged children’s temperament on their externalizing behaviors through parenting practices. Specifically, child temperament was expected to predict parenting practices only at certain levels of locus of control. Female caregivers of 146 children ages 3-5 years …

Psychometric Evaluation Of The Offender Coping Self-Efficacy Scale In The Context Of Incarceration And Upon Re-Entry, Minhdan Thuy Ta

Clinical Psychology Dissertations

Incarceration presents unique stressors that affect psychological well-being. Identifying self-efficacy for different types of coping strategies to manage stressors may help treatment teams develop appropriate interventions aimed at reducing recidivism. Consequently, I developed and evaluated the preliminary psychometric properties of the Offender Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (OCSS). An initial pool of 47 items was used to assess inmates’ confidence in their ability to cope with stressors related to incarceration and re-entry. The scale was completed by a sample of inmates (N = 144) who were 18 years or older and serving time at one of two county jails. The majority …

The Impact Of A Supportive Feedback Environment On Attitudinal And Performance Outcomes, Amanda Lee Blinebry

Dissertations

While the positive outcomes of feedback in the workplace have been supported in previous research, there is still a lack of theoretical unity explaining how and why feedback may be advantageous. In addition, previous studies examining the effects of feedback have resulted in mixed findings. Two studies were conducted to clarify the conditions for valuable feedback by proposing and empirically testing two models examining relationships between feedback environments and outcomes. The first study examined performance outcomes related to a supportive feedback environment while the second study examined attitudinal outcomes associated with a supportive feedback environment. Results of both studies indicate …

Ethnic Differences In Self-Efficacy At Southern Adventist University, Seth L. Daly Stennis

Journal of Interdisciplinary Undergraduate Research

Concern has been expressed about the poor academic performance of African American students, in comparison to their other ethnic counterparts. Many individuals have attempted to explain this anomaly. A large portion of studies show how socioeconomic standing and parental involvement play a role in the academic achievement gap. A more modest amount used psychological factors to explain the deplorable academic achievement in African Americans. One such psychological factor, self-efficacy, was not well represented in the literature; few papers discussed the association of self-efficacy and African American academic success. The purpose of this study was to compare self-efficacy levels of individuals …

Examining The Writing Motivation And Achievement Of At-Risk Elementary-Aged Students, Melissa Sue Martin

Doctoral Dissertations

Writing achievement of students in the United States is weak. Approximately 75% of 12th graders are not proficient writers (National Center for Educational Statistics, 2012) and performance of students in poverty lags behind that of more affluent peers. Because writing is complex (Torrance & Galbraith, 2006) and often viewed as aversive to students (Boscolo & Gelati, 2013), motivation is an important consideration for teachers. However, little research exists examining writing motivation.

A correlational research design was employed to examine writing achievement and motivation (i.e., self-efficacy and attributions) of at-risk elementary-aged students (N = 61). Participants, who attended Title 1 …

Sources Of Self-Efficacy Information For Writing: A Qualitative Inquiry, Mary E. Holmes

College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

This study explored the sources of information that inform students’ self-efficacy beliefs in the area of writing. A qualitative phenomenological case study approach was use to capture the experiences of gifted middle school students.

Writing is a critical skill for success in school and beyond, and many students in the United States are not able to adequately write extended texts (Bruning & Horn, 2000; National Center for Education Statistics, 2012). Understanding students’ motivation for engaging with writing might provide insight into how to better support students’ experience with writing in school. Self-efficacy is a key construct within motivation, and it …

Self-Efficacy And Goal Orientation And Their Association With Academic Achievement, Ellie S. Karle

Senior Honors Theses

Much research has been conducted in order to determine the most significant variables associated with student academic achievement. This study explored the association among student goal orientation, self-efficacy, and academic achievement measured by GPA in a sample of undergraduate students from a large evangelical university. The trichotomous model for goal orientation was utilized including: mastery goals (motivated by a desire to master a task or subject), performance-approach goals (motivated by a desire to perform well in comparison with to others), and performance-avoidant goals (motivated by a fear of failure). Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance for the fixed …

Structured Interviews Examining The Burden, Coping, Self-Efficacy, And Quality Of Life Among Family Caregivers Of Persons With Dementia In Singapore, Peter Kay Chai Tay, Chuen Chai Dennis Seow, Chunxiang Xiao, Hui Min Julian Lee, Helen Chiu, Sally Wai-Chi Chan

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Dementia is a global health issue and the effects on caregivers are substantial. The study aimed to examine the associations of burden, coping, self-efficacy with quality of life among family caregivers of persons with dementia in Singapore. Structured interviews were conducted in a convenience sample of 84 family caregivers caring and seeking clinical care for the persons with dementia in an outpatient clinic of a public hospital in Singapore. The outcome measures included the Family Burden Interview Schedule, Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scale, General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale – Brief Version. In …

The Relation Of Exposure To Community Violence To Self- Efficacy Based On Neighborhood, Family, And School Effects In A Community Sample Of Latino-American Youth, Arie Zakaryan

Dissertations

Community violence is considered a “public health epidemic” in the US. Latino youth and families are a burgeoning population in the United States, and many of whom live in neighborhoods exposed to community violence. Multiple contexts should be assessed identifying developmental assets youth use to adjust positively when exposed to violence. This study examines how different environmental contexts, i.e., home, school, neighborhood and acculturation, influence the relationship between exposure to community violence and self-efficacy for Latino youth. The current study uses an archival dataset of a larger longitudinal study (Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods). A confirmatory factor analysis …

Development Of A Financial Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Measure For Older Adults, Evan Gross

Wayne State University Theses

Financial decision-making is important for older adults, and many are at increased risk for elder financial exploitation due to a combination of biological, social, and psychological factors. The role of self-efficacy for financial decision-making in this population has received little attention from researchers, but evidence suggests it may be a critical aspect in motivating positive decisions and avoiding exploitation. This study developed the Financial Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale (FDMSES) for older adults. Participants (N = 200, mean age = 71.5) completed the Lichtenberg Financial Decision-Making Rating Scale (LFDRS) and a neuropsychological test battery. Items from the LFDRS related to financial decision-making …

Teacher Perception Of Principal Leadership Practices: Impacting Teachers' Sense Of Self-Efficacy In Rural Appalachia Kentucky, Brandon Lee Hibbard

Online Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to determine if a significant relationship existed between principal leadership practices, as perceived by teachers, and teacher’s sense of self-efficacy. The target population was rural Appalachian teachers that worked for a principal that had been in administration for at least three consecutive years. This study utilized teacher responses from a survey consisting of the Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES, Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk-Hoy, 2001) and the Leadership Practice Inventory – observer (LPI, Kouzes & Posner, 2003).

Results from the survey categorized levels of self-efficacy for teachers based on the works of Tschannen-Moran and Woolfolk-Hoy …

The Impact Of Bicultural Identity On Perceptions Of Self-Efficacy, Miriam J. Alvarez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

The primary aim of the proposed research was to investigate the role cultural identity plays in regards to academic perceptions, goals, and motivation amongst bicultural college students. Previous research suggests that biculturals experience shifts in mental frames as they navigate differences in cultural settings. Central to this research is the idea that people who have access to multiple cultural meaning systems switch between culturally appropriate behaviors depending on the context. We hypothesize that biculturals' responses to cultural cues involve more than automatic cognitive processes. Cultural frameworks may depend on their motives to embrace or reject particular cultural identities and multiple …

Variables Associated With Patient Activation In Persons With Multiple Sclerosis, Marie-Christine Rutter Goodworth, Lara Stepleman, Judith Hibbard, Lisa Johns, Dustin Wright, Mary D. Hughes, Mitzi J. Williams

Faculty Publications - Doctor of Psychology (PsyD) Program

Identifying variables associated with patient activation in the multiple sclerosis population could serve to facilitate better multiple sclerosis self-management behaviors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 199 participants were recruited from a multiple sclerosis center in the Southeastern United States. Depression, multiple sclerosis quality of life, and multiple Sclerosis self-efficacy were all significantly correlated with patient activation. Results of a hierarchical regression indicated that patient activation was significantly related to educational attainment, depression, and self-efficacy but not to quality of life. The results suggest several possible targets for intervention to increase patient activation, including health literacy, depression symptoms, and self-efficacy for …

Instructor's Employment-Level, Instructor-Efficacy, And Knowledge Of Effective Classroom Strategies For Emotional Disorders, Andrea Karen Haglin

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Community college instructors are responsible for creating learning opportunities for all students, including adult students affected by emotional disorders (ED). Concerns in the literature have grown over how invested part-time instructors are in their teaching; however, limited data were available regarding instructor knowledge of ED, instructor-efficacy, and the impact of employment status. The purpose of this study was to address the gap in the literature and analyze relationships between instructor knowledge of ED strategies (as assessed by Teaching Students with Emotional Behavior Disorders scale) and instructors' efficacy beliefs (as assessed by the Ohio State Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale). It also evaluated …

Perceived Self-Efficacy And Dispositional Optimism In Leaders' Behavioral Escalation Of Commitment, Adebimpe Yetunde Babatunde

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Escalation of commitment is an individual's persistent behavior at sustaining commitment to an original decision or course of action. Although researchers have found that personality impacts escalation of commitment behavior, this study addressed a gap in escalation of commitment behavior regarding personality in higher education, which has consistently been ignored. Building on the self-justification theory, this study was an investigation of (a) whether perceived self-efficacy and dispositional optimism individually predicted escalation of commitment behavior; and (b) whether perceived self-efficacy and dispositional optimism jointly predicted escalation of commitment behavior after controlling for age, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and tenure. Hierarchical regression …

The Relationship Between Parental Rearing, Self-Efficacy And Resilience In The Development Of A Coping Style, Hillary Koskinen Vescio

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The current study investigated the relationship between self-efficacy, resilience, perceived parental rearing and the use of adaptive or maladaptive coping strategies. The Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced Inventory (Brief COPE; Carver, 1997) was used to assess participant's coping styles. The General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES; Schwarzer & Jerusalem, 1995) was utilized to assess a participant’s self-efficacy. The Brief Resilience Scale (BRS, Smith et al., 2008) was used to measure resilience, and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ; Buri (1991) was used to assess perceived parental rearing. A between-subjects design with two multiple regressions was used to evaluate the relationship between these …

Self-Efficacy, Health Promotion, And Rehabilitation In Acquired Brain Injury, Hillary Antoinette Parker

Wayne State University Dissertations

Health self-efficacy is important to health behaviors and self-management of chronic conditions. It has been associated with positive health and rehabilitation outcomes generally but has been understudied in acquired brain injury (ABI). Given the high rates of disability and long-term impairments associated with ABI, health self-efficacy and health behaviors are promising factors to evaluate in the assessment and management of ABI. This study examined the relationships among health self-efficacy, health behaviors, and functional independence in ABI rehabilitation, and the extent to which cognitive impairment and trait affectivity affected these relationships. This study also examined the unique role of rehabilitation self-efficacy …

Self-Efficacy Matters More Than Interruptions In A Sequential Multitasking Experiment, Maureen A. Conard, Robert F. Marsh

Psychology Faculty Publications

Interruptions and multitasking have received a great deal of attention from researchers. The present study is the first to examine task self-efficacy along with interruptions in an experimental multitasking framework. Perceptions of resumption lag times and task rehearsal were also examined. Participants (N= 110) completed a primary task (puzzle) with some being interrupted to pursue a secondary task (a word search) either once or four times. Uninterrupted participants completed the puzzle 26% faster than those interrupted once and 30% faster than those interrupted four times. However, self-efficacy predicted performance much more strongly than did interruptions, and therefore should receive more …

Use Of Video Games In Patients' Self-Management Of Pain: A Feasibility Study, Janet Donnelly Phd(C), Rn-Bc, Acns-Bc, Pccn

Dissertations

Background: Pain affects more than 75 million Americans and is the primary reason people seek medical attention. Pain is a common cause of disability and diminished quality of life. While anecdotal evidence exists regarding nurses’ use of distraction therapy activities in pain management, little empirical research data is available.

Purpose: To examine the effects of video game use (VGU) on pain perception, pain interference perception and perceived self-efficacy in pain management in adult inpatients.

Conceptual Model: The conceptual model is based on Self-efficacy Theory (Bandura, 1995). The antecedents of the concept of distraction therapy with use of VGs in patients’ …

Training Coping Techniques To Reduce Statistics Anxiety, Brittany Prothe

All Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Other Capstone Projects

Undergraduate students in introduction to statistics courses have been shown to have difficulties and anxiety related to the course. This study examines how coping training might reduce the statistics anxiety associated with these courses using a sample of students currently enrolled in the course. Results indicate that individual differences such as negative affect, trait anxiety, disengaged coping strategies and cognitive ability are related to statistics anxiety. The specific coping training used in this study was unable to reduce statistics anxiety; however, other methods for reducing statistics anxiety are suggested and directions for future research are provided.

Development And Initial Validation Of The Sources Of Self-Efficacy Information Scales For Working With Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Clients, Snehal Moroth Kumar

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A new self-report measure, the Sources of Self-Efficacy Information Scales for Working

Do The Perceptions Of Supervisory Working Alliance Mediate The Relation Between Perceived Supervisors' Multicultural Competence And Trainees' Multicultural Counseling Self-Efficacy?, Arthur Ritmeester

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study tested whether the relation between supervisory multicultural competence (SMC), as perceived by the supervisee, and multicultural counseling self-efficacy (MCSE) was partially mediated by the supervisory working alliance (SWA). This study was conducted in response to (a) a mismatch in previous research between the operationalization of MCSE and the underlying theorizing, and (b) inconsistent results in previous research about the relation between the SWA and counseling self-efficacy development. Participants were 182 health service psychologist trainees in the United States receiving supervision at the time of data collection.

Self-Efficacy, Perceived Skills, And Real Knowledge Of Speech-Language Pathologists, Meredith Lynn Baker-Rush

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Although speech language pathologists' (SLPs) knowledge of communication and swallowing has been undisputed, their knowledge and skills related to tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation (MV) seem varied. The consequences associated with the presence of tracheostomy or MV demonstrate the necessity of training. Guided by Bandura's social cognitive theory, this study was designed to determine if SLPs' training influenced self-efficacy and real knowledge, and to evaluate trends associated with SLPs' pursuit of specialized training. A total of 236 SLPs practicing in the United States responded to a researcher-developed knowledge and confidence test for tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation (KCT-TMV). Data were analyzed via …