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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 34
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Patient Adherence In Chronic Illness: Personality And Coping In Context, John Wiebe, Alan Christensen
Patient Adherence In Chronic Illness: Personality And Coping In Context, John Wiebe, Alan Christensen
Alan J. Christensen
Previous reviews have concluded that there is no evidence for a predictable association between person factors and regimen adherence in chronic illness. The brief current review of the literature reveals that past work has been limited by the lack of a common structural theory of personality and the failure to consider the interaction of person factors with disease and treatment context. Application of the five-factor model of personality to adherence research will reduce divergence in the field and and in the orientation and interpretation of future work. Evidence suggests that an interactive perspective recognizing the moderating influence of contextual factors …
3. The Relevance Ratio: Evaluating The Probative Value Of Expert Testimony In Child Sexual Abuse Cases., Thomas D. Lyon, Jonathan J. Koehler
3. The Relevance Ratio: Evaluating The Probative Value Of Expert Testimony In Child Sexual Abuse Cases., Thomas D. Lyon, Jonathan J. Koehler
Thomas D. Lyon
Multiple Personality, Hypnosis, And Possession Trance, James M. Donovan
Multiple Personality, Hypnosis, And Possession Trance, James M. Donovan
James M. Donovan
Multiple personality disorder [MPD] and possession trance [PT] are examined from the perspectives of presenting morphology and demographic epidemiology. The goal is to ascertain whether at these levels MPD and PT are disparate phenomena, or warrant treatment as two instances of a single type. The data favor the second alternative, and from this we infer that both MPD and PT are culturally manipulated instances of a unitary psychobiological ability. But by virtue of this manipulation, differences do exist between the final forms, especially on the dimension of whether they are experiences as states of health or illness.
Perceived Health Competence, Health Locus Of Control, And Patient Adherence In Renal Dialysis, Alan Christensen, John Wiebe, Eric Benotsch, William Lawton
Perceived Health Competence, Health Locus Of Control, And Patient Adherence In Renal Dialysis, Alan Christensen, John Wiebe, Eric Benotsch, William Lawton
Alan J. Christensen
An emerging view in the literature regarding health locus of control (HLC) and health behavior suggests that HLC beliefs might affect behavior only through the interaction of HLC with other health-related expectancies. We examined internal and powerful others HLC beliefs as moderators of the relationship between a recently developed measure of perceived health competence and medical regimen adherence in 81 renal dialysis patients. The hypothesized interaction was significant, suggesting a moderating role for HLC. The pattern of the interaction differed from prediction. Greater perceived health competence was associated with more favorable adherence only for those patients scoring low on internal …
1. The Law And Psychology Of The Child Witness. (Review Of The Book Child Witnesses: Fragile Voices In The American Legal System, By L. S. Mcgough. ), Thomas D. Lyon
Thomas D. Lyon
3. The Effect Of Threats On Children’S Disclosure Of Sexual Abuse., Thomas D. Lyon
3. The Effect Of Threats On Children’S Disclosure Of Sexual Abuse., Thomas D. Lyon
Thomas D. Lyon
Positive And Negative Affect In Rheumatoid Arthritis: Increased Specificity In The Assessment Of Emotional Adjustment, Timoth Smith, Alan Christensen
Positive And Negative Affect In Rheumatoid Arthritis: Increased Specificity In The Assessment Of Emotional Adjustment, Timoth Smith, Alan Christensen
Alan J. Christensen
Because most patients with chronic medical illness do not suffer from diagnosable depressive conditions, models of normal emotional functioning might be useful in assessing the emotional consequences of physical illness. In this study of 72 male and female patients with rheumatoid arthritis, we examined the Watson and Tellegen (1985) two-dimensional model in this regard. Depression scores were associated, independently, with both positive and negative affect. Pain, daily hassles, and cognitive distortion were associated with depression and negative affect but not with positive affect. Positive daily events were associated with positive affect but not negative affect. This suggests that the routine …
Understanding Patient Nonadherence In Renal Dialysis.", Alan Christensen
Understanding Patient Nonadherence In Renal Dialysis.", Alan Christensen
Alan J. Christensen
No abstract provided.
2. Assessing Children's Competence To Take The Oath: Research And Recommendations., Thomas D. Lyon
2. Assessing Children's Competence To Take The Oath: Research And Recommendations., Thomas D. Lyon
Thomas D. Lyon
Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James M. Wood
Weighing Evidence In Sexual Abuse Evaluations: An Introduction To Bayes's Theorem, James M. Wood
James M. Wood
This article introduces readers to Bayes' theorem, a simple mathematical formula that can illuminate general issues and assist evaluators in the field of child sexual abuse. The theorem is applied to a case study of sexual abuse allegations that arose during a custody dispute.
Body Consciousness, Illness-Related Impairment, And Patient Adherence In Hemodialysis, Alan Christensen, John Wiebe, Dawn Edwards, John Michels
Body Consciousness, Illness-Related Impairment, And Patient Adherence In Hemodialysis, Alan Christensen, John Wiebe, Dawn Edwards, John Michels
Alan J. Christensen
Recent theory and evidence suggests that bodily self-focusing tendencies (e.g., private body consciousness [PBC]) may be associated with medical regimen adherence among chronically ill patients. The present study examined the joint effects of PBC and degree of illness-related physical impairment on treatment regimen adherence in a sample of 52 hemodialysis patients. It was predicted that the effect of PBC on adherence would vary as a function of patients' level of illness-related physical impairment. For patients experiencing more severe impairment, higher PBC scores were associated with poorer adherence to the prescribed medication and dietary regimen. In contrast, for patients experiencing a …
Feminism For Men: Legal Ideology And The Construction Of Maleness, Nancy Levit
Feminism For Men: Legal Ideology And The Construction Of Maleness, Nancy Levit
Nancy Levit
It may seem a little odd to suggest that feminist theory has overlooked men. Yet, in several important respects, apart from the role of culprit, men have been largely omitted from feminism. Feminist legal theorists have paid mild attention to the "Can men be feminists?" question but this issue is usually relegated to footnotes. The negative effect gender role stereotypes have on men is typically subsidiary to the main focus of feminist legal literature, which has concentrated on documenting the patterns of subordination of women and on questions of feminist ideology.
The primary purpose of this article is to suggest …
Student's T-Test And The Glasgow Coma Scale, Joseph Lucke
Student's T-Test And The Glasgow Coma Scale, Joseph Lucke
Joseph Lucke
Study Objective: To explore how Student's t test, which assumes normal errors, is affected by the nonnormal distribution of Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores.
Methods: A sample of 145,295 GCS scores from the Pennsylvania Trauma Systems Foundation was assumed to represent the true GCS distribution. Four Monte Carlo simulations, each based on 40,000 replications, were conducted to approximate the distribution of t values arising from samples drawn from the GCS distribution, using sample sizes of 10, 30, 60, and 100 per group.
Results: The histograms of t values derived from the GCS distribution resembled the corresponding Student t distributions for …
Improving The Clinical Practice Of Violence Risk Assessment: Technology, Guidelines And Training, Randy Borum
Improving The Clinical Practice Of Violence Risk Assessment: Technology, Guidelines And Training, Randy Borum
Randy Borum
No abstract provided.
Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell
Dopamine Overflow In The Nucleus Accumbens During Extinction And Reinstatement Of Cocaine Self-Administration Behavior, Laura O'Dell
Laura Elena O'Dell
No abstract provided.
Dose-Dependent Characterization Of The Rewarding And Stimulant Properties Of Cocaine Across Intraperitoneal And Intravenous Routes Of Administration, Laura O'Dell
Laura Elena O'Dell
No abstract provided.
How Do Children Tell: The Disclosure Process In Child Sexual Abuse, April Bradley, James M. Wood
How Do Children Tell: The Disclosure Process In Child Sexual Abuse, April Bradley, James M. Wood
James M. Wood
Children's disclosure of sexual abuse has been described as a quasi-developmental process that includes stages of denial, reluctance, disclosure, recantation, and reaffirmation (Sorenson & Snow, 1991, Summit, 1983). It has been reported that nearly 75% of sexual abuse victims initially deny abuse and that nearly 25% eventually recant their allegations (Sorenson & Snow, 1991). The present study examined disclosures in 234 sexual abuse cases validated by Protective Services in El Paso, Texas. Denial of abuse occurred in 6% of cases, and recantation in 4% of cases in which a child had already disclosed abuse. Four of the eight victims who …
Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell
Differential Effects Of Intra-Accumbens Sulpiride On Cocaine-Induced Locomotion And Conditioned Place Preference, Laura O'Dell
Laura Elena O'Dell
No abstract provided.
Behavioral Stress Modifies Hippocampal Plasticity Through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation, Michael R. Foy
Behavioral Stress Modifies Hippocampal Plasticity Through N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Activation, Michael R. Foy
Michael R. Foy
Behavioral stress has detrimental effects on subsequent cognitive performance in many species, including humans. For example, humans exposed to stressful situations typically exhibit marked deficits in various learning and memory tasks. However, the underlying neural mechanisms by which stress exerts its effects on learning and memory are unknown. We now report that in adult male rats, stress (i.e., restraint plus tailshock) impairs long-term potentiation (LTP) but enhances long-term depression (LTD) in the CA1 area of the hippocampus, a structure implicated in learning and memory processes. These effects on LTP and LTD are prevented when the animals were given CGP39551 (the …
Factors Related To Earthquake Preparedness Among Child Care Professionals: Theory And Policy Implications, Ellen N. Junn, D. Guerin
Factors Related To Earthquake Preparedness Among Child Care Professionals: Theory And Policy Implications, Ellen N. Junn, D. Guerin
Ellen N. Junn
With increasing numbers of children enrolled in child care, the safety of the child care environment and the preparedness of personnel to prevent injuries and fatalities in the event of natural disasters becomes an important public policy issue. In this study, earthquake preparedness and its correlates were examined in 25 child care centers located in a southern California community adjacent to the San Andreaas Fault. Extensive survey, interview, and on-site observational data were collected. Findings indicated a wide range of preparedness in child care centers. Half of the child care centers lacked basic essentials required to cope in the aftermath …
Higher-Order Associative Processing In Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites Of Neuronal Modulation., Ronald F. Rogers, Louis D. Matzel
Higher-Order Associative Processing In Hermissenda Suggests Multiple Sites Of Neuronal Modulation., Ronald F. Rogers, Louis D. Matzel
Ronald F. Rogers
Two important features of modern accounts of associative learning are (1) the capacity for contextual stimuli to serve as a signal for an unconditioned stimulus (US) and (2) the capacity for a previously conditioned (excitatory) stimulus to "block" learning about a redundant stimulus when both stimuli serve as a signal for the same US. Here, we examined the process of blocking, thought by some to reflect a cognitive aspect of classical conditioning, and its underlying mechanisms in the marine mollusc Hermissenda. In two behavioral experiments, a context defined by chemosensory stimuli was made excitatory by presenting unsignalled USs (rotation) in …
Wordsworth And The Question Of "Romantic Religion", Nancy Easterlin
Wordsworth And The Question Of "Romantic Religion", Nancy Easterlin
Nancy Easterlin
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Verbal Self-Disclosure On Natural Killer Cell Activity: Moderating Influence Of Cynical Hostility, Alan Christensen, D. Edwards, J. Wiebe, E. Benotsch, L Mckelvey, M. Andrews, D. Lubaroff
Effect Of Verbal Self-Disclosure On Natural Killer Cell Activity: Moderating Influence Of Cynical Hostility, Alan Christensen, D. Edwards, J. Wiebe, E. Benotsch, L Mckelvey, M. Andrews, D. Lubaroff
Alan J. Christensen
One objective of the present research was to examine the immunological effects of self-disclosing personal information regarding a traumatic or stressful experience. A second objective was to examine the hypothesis that the effect of self-disclosure on immune function is moderated by individual differences in cynical hostility. Forty-three male college undergraduates, classified as high or low on the Cook-Medley Hostility scale were randomly assigned to either a verbal self-disclosure or a nondisclosure discussion condition. Task-induced change in natural killer (NK) cell activity (i.e., cytotoxicity) served as the dependent variable. As predicted, a significant interaction between discussion condition and hostility was obtained. …
Understanding And Preventing Hiv Risk Behavior, Kathryn Morris, W. Swann
Understanding And Preventing Hiv Risk Behavior, Kathryn Morris, W. Swann
Kathryn A. Morris
No abstract provided.
The Influence Of Peer Affiliation And Student Activities On Adolescent Drug Involvement, Jeanne Jenkins
The Influence Of Peer Affiliation And Student Activities On Adolescent Drug Involvement, Jeanne Jenkins
Jeanne E. Jenkins
Examines the importance of students' academic performance level and extracurricular activities as predictors of drug involvement relative to peer influence. Affiliation with drug-using friends; Peer relationships as dominating influence on drug involvement.
Social Neuroscience: Principles Of Psychophysiological Arousal And Response, Stephen Crites, John Cacioppo, Gary Berntson
Social Neuroscience: Principles Of Psychophysiological Arousal And Response, Stephen Crites, John Cacioppo, Gary Berntson
Stephen L Crites Jr.
No abstract provided.
Brain Activation Modulated By Sentence Comprehension, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Timothy A. Keller, William F. Eddy, Keith R. Thulborn
Brain Activation Modulated By Sentence Comprehension, Marcel Adam Just, Patricia A. Carpenter, Timothy A. Keller, William F. Eddy, Keith R. Thulborn
Marcel Adam Just
No abstract provided.
Cults On Campus: Perspectives From The Literature., John D. Foubert
Cults On Campus: Perspectives From The Literature., John D. Foubert
John D. Foubert
This article reviews research literature about college students who joins cults, how they are recruited, how they leave (or not), and different ideas for how college student administrators can handle this issue.
Effects Of Gender, Gender Role, And Individualized Trust On Self-Disclosure., John D. Foubert, Barbara Sholley
Effects Of Gender, Gender Role, And Individualized Trust On Self-Disclosure., John D. Foubert, Barbara Sholley
John D. Foubert
Effects of gender, gender role, and individualized trust on self disclosure was studied on 293 participants. An interaction between gender role and individualized trust revealed that the high self disclosure typical of androgynous individuals is restricted to those who are high trusting.
Overcoming Men's Defensiveness Toward Sexual Assault Programs: Learning To Help Survivors., John D. Foubert, Kenneth A. Marriott
Overcoming Men's Defensiveness Toward Sexual Assault Programs: Learning To Help Survivors., John D. Foubert, Kenneth A. Marriott
John D. Foubert
A unique new approach to overcoming men's defensiveness toward sexual assault prevention programs is described. By appealing to audience members as potential helpers of women who survive rape as opposed to addressing them as potential rapists, programmatic goals can be achieved.