Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Probationer Officer Experiences: Dual Role Decision-Making For Probationers With Mental Illness, Myra A. Fields
Probationer Officer Experiences: Dual Role Decision-Making For Probationers With Mental Illness, Myra A. Fields
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Probation officers play a major role in maintaining public safety by balancing their dual roles of care and control. The number of individuals within the United States community corrections system is significantly growing. This has increased the need for probation officers to make decisions for probationers with mental illness. However, there is a gap in understanding how active-duty probation officers make decisions for probationers. This study examined how probation officers balance their dual roles while decision-making for probationers with mental illness. An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants who met inclusion criteria to …
Probationer Officer Experiences: Dual Role Decision-Making For Probationers With Mental Illness, Myra A. Fields
Probationer Officer Experiences: Dual Role Decision-Making For Probationers With Mental Illness, Myra A. Fields
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Probation officers play a major role in maintaining public safety by balancing their dual roles of care and control. The number of individuals within the United States community corrections system is significantly growing. This has increased the need for probation officers to make decisions for probationers with mental illness. However, there is a gap in understanding how active-duty probation officers make decisions for probationers. This study examined how probation officers balance their dual roles while decision-making for probationers with mental illness. An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six participants who met inclusion criteria to …
Are There Individual Differences In The Foreign Language Effect?, Rita Gross
Are There Individual Differences In The Foreign Language Effect?, Rita Gross
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
AbstractA foreign language effect (FLE) occurs when the language a problem is presented in influences its outcome (Keysar et al., 2012). So far, it has been unclear under which conditions the FLE appears (Driver, 2020; Dylman & Champoux-Larsson, 2020). One hundred and sixty-eight Arabic-English bilinguals from Prince Sultan University were presented with the Trolley Dilemma (a low-conflict, impersonal moral dilemma) and the Footbridge Dilemma (a high-conflict, personal moral dilemma) and responses to these dilemmas were measured on a slider indicating likeliness to take a suggested action. Participants saw Dilemmas either in a gain-frame or a loss-frame condition, and in either …
The Effects Of Escalated Cocaine Intake On Decision-Making Dynamics, Mcallister Stephens
The Effects Of Escalated Cocaine Intake On Decision-Making Dynamics, Mcallister Stephens
Theses and Dissertations--Psychology
Cocaine Use Disorder (CUD) is characterized partly by the use of cocaine at the expense of other alternatives, in other words, it is a decision-making pathology (Kalivas & Volkow, 2005). Concurrent choice tasks assess decision-making in a dynamic scenario that more closely resembles real life. Value-based decision-making is an important facet of understanding the addictive properties of drugs of abuse. In order to compare two value-based theories of addiction (habit theory and relative value theory), a concurrent choice task was run in tandem with an escalation procedure. First, animals were trained on a choice task until stable, then trained on …
Aviation Maintenance Technician Decision-Making, Dominic Hemingway
Aviation Maintenance Technician Decision-Making, Dominic Hemingway
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
Aircraft accidents caused by human decision-making errors cause property loss and fatalities on a global scale in the aviation industry. Aviation repair technician decision-making perceptions influence aviation safety. The purpose of transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of aviation repair technicians related to decision-making perceptions regarding aviation safety. The central research question and sub-question focused on the lived experiences of repair technicians’ decision-making perceptions. The naturalistic decision-making framework, decision theories, and decision-making models comprised the lens to assess the impact of aviation maintenance technician decision-making perceptions in aviation safety. Data were collected using semistructured interviews with 12 …
Social Influences, Decision-Making, And Career Retention Of Novice Teachers, Kerstin Anna Stewart
Social Influences, Decision-Making, And Career Retention Of Novice Teachers, Kerstin Anna Stewart
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
New teachers bring hope, optimism, and excitement for teaching and learning from their individual preparatory programs to their classrooms at the start of every new school year. However, research indicates a large number of those teachers leave the field of teaching within a 5-year timeframe. The consequence of this loss of professionals has a deep-rooted impact on student achievement and learning. This loss also has considerable career and financial implications for the field of education. The reasons for this exodus are varied and somewhat broad in nature and scope. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to describe the lived …
Pride’S Influence On Perception Of Control And Risky Decision-Making, Andrea Sanders
Pride’S Influence On Perception Of Control And Risky Decision-Making, Andrea Sanders
College of Science and Health Theses and Dissertations
Incidental emotion can powerfully impact risky decision-making processes, yet the specific mechanisms that drive this relationship require further exploration. The appraisal theory of emotion suggests that emotional valence alone cannot accurately predict an emotion’s effect on risk-taking. Rather, specific appraisal dimensions of an emotional experience—particularly the perception of control—have been found to critically influence risk-taking across settings. Previous literature indicates that guilt, a negative emotion characterized by high personal control, led to higher risk preferences. The current study sought to replicate these findings and test whether a similar relationship would be found for the positive emotion of pride. Data was …
Differentiating Darkness: Decision-Making Differences Between Psychopathy And Machiavellianism, Jessica R. Carre
Differentiating Darkness: Decision-Making Differences Between Psychopathy And Machiavellianism, Jessica R. Carre
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Machiavellianism and psychopathy are correlated but distinct personality traits that are associated with interpersonal manipulation and selfish behaviors (Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Based on a recent meta-analytic review, researchers have questioned whether these traits are distinct (Miller, Hyatt, Maples-Keller, Carter & Lynam, 2016). These meta-analytic reviews, however, have largely been based on atheoretical studies examining the relationship of these traits with self-reported outcomes. The purpose of the present research was to directly test the differences between Machiavellianism and psychopathy with respect to fundamental decision-making processes. In study one, the difference between psychopathy and Machiavellianism was assessed in terms of passive …
Making Smart Choices When Faced With Risk: The Role Of Interoceptive Awareness And Life Stress On Implicit Learning., Ronald A. Nicholson
Making Smart Choices When Faced With Risk: The Role Of Interoceptive Awareness And Life Stress On Implicit Learning., Ronald A. Nicholson
Dissertations and Theses
In complex situations where there is an unclear link between the available options and an advantageous outcome, visceral signals of arousal play a role in decision-making. Perception of the body’s various visceral signals is called interoceptive awareness (IA). Exposure to stressful events can impede the production and perception of these signals, leading to a potentially impaired perception of risk and impeded decision-making. However, there is a paucity of research exploring the impact of life event stress on IA, or how both of these factors may influence the dynamic process of decision-making during risk. To address this gap the current study …
Cognitive Bias And Adolescent Risk-Taking, Mayuko Nakamura
Cognitive Bias And Adolescent Risk-Taking, Mayuko Nakamura
Theses and Dissertations
Although the framing effect (i.e., the tendency of people to react differently to a particular choice depending on whether the choice is presented as a loss or as a gain) is a well-established cognitive bias among the adult population, there have been a limited number of studies with adolescent samples. In the current study, adolescents (14-18) and adults (18-26) will be asked to make choices in several decision problems including the classic Asian Disease Problem (Tversky & Kahneman, 1981) and modified “adolescent-relevant” versions that are applicable to the real-world experiences of adolescents. Individual difference measures, such as Individuals’ thinking-style (i.e., …
Personal Factors, Domain Specificity, And Risky Decision-Making, Rose Niles
Personal Factors, Domain Specificity, And Risky Decision-Making, Rose Niles
Doctoral Dissertations
Adults make many risky decisions daily, such as choosing to drive over the speed limit or going outside without previously applying sunscreen. How and why adults make such decisions remains relatively unknown and has gained much research attention. Traditional models of decision-making, such as Expected Utility Theory (Bernoulli, 1954) and Prospect Theory (Kahneman & Tversky, 1972) have proven too simplistic, as they do not account for the regular deviations from expected decision-making processes. Likewise, models that attempt to categorize individuals as risk seeking and risk-averse do not hold up well when decisional-domain is examined (Blais & Weber, 2006). Contemporary research …
Effect Of Cooperativeness Of The Parent On Juvenile Probation Officer Decision-Making Using A Randomized Controlled Design, Tamara Kang
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Juvenile probation officers acknowledge the importance of gaining the parents' cooperation during supervision to ensure the best chance for rehabilitation. However, there is reason to believe that officers may attend to parental cooperativeness to inform decisions on how much to involve the parent in supervision. The importance of the parent is well accepted, but the effect of parental cooperation on officers' decisions concerning the juvenile's fate on supervision has yet to be examined. Aim 1 of this study examined the extent to which an officer's response to a first instance and second instance of noncompliance was affected by the cooperativeness …
Detecting Structure In Activity Sequences: Exploring The Hot Hand Phenomenon, Taleri Lynn Hammack
Detecting Structure In Activity Sequences: Exploring The Hot Hand Phenomenon, Taleri Lynn Hammack
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Can humans discriminate whether strings of events (e.g., shooting success in basketball) were generated by a random or constrained process (e.g., hot and cold streaks)? Conventional wisdom suggests that humans are not good at this discrimination. Following from Cooper, Hammack, Lemasters, and Flach (2014), a series of Monte Carlo simulations and an empirical experiment examined the abilities of both humans and statistical tests (Wald-Wolfowitz Runs Test and 1/f) to detect specific constraints that are representative of plausible factors that might influence the performance of athletes (e.g., learning, non-stationary task constraints). Using a performance/success dependent learning constraint that was calibrated to …
On Regret: A Philosophical And Psychological Analysis, Darrell White Ii
On Regret: A Philosophical And Psychological Analysis, Darrell White Ii
Honors Projects
An interdisciplinary explanation of regret research in cognitive psychology by means of the Derridean deconstruction. Particular lines of research regarding regret including rational actor theory, regret forecasting, inaction vs action regret, and regret as autobiographical memory are explained in terms of the Derridean Deconstruction of Mourning.
Incidental Emotions And Trust Decisions: Visceral Influences On Economic Behavior, Idan Aviv Elmelech
Incidental Emotions And Trust Decisions: Visceral Influences On Economic Behavior, Idan Aviv Elmelech
Senior Projects Spring 2014
In recent years, trust has emerged as a key concept in the understanding of cooperation between individuals and organizations. It has been implicated as an important variable in topics ranging from individual decision-making in finance, to macroeconomic growth and stability in developing countries. This thesis employs an experimental design to investigate the impact of emotions on trust behavior. In the experiment, emotion was induced in participants who then played a basic trust game originally proposed by Berg, Dickhaut, & McCabe (1995). Results indicate that emotions do impact trust, with anger decreasing trust behavior. However, the data also reveal that individual …
Analytic-Holistic Thinking, Information Use, And Sensemaking During Unfolding Events, Mei-Hua Lin
Analytic-Holistic Thinking, Information Use, And Sensemaking During Unfolding Events, Mei-Hua Lin
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
In complex domains such as commerce, military operations, transportation, and humanitarian efforts, practitioners are sometimes overwhelmed by uncertain, contradictory, and dynamic information. They must obtain, organize, interpret, and use this information often under time pressure and high stakes during sensemaking. While sensemaking is a gateway to information management, sensemaking also depends on information management; the gathering and use of information provides the raw material for sensemaking. These processes work together to help people understand complex situations but are vulnerable to cultural as well as individual variation in cognition. This study investigated individual cognitive and personality differences that may affect information …