Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Session Duration And The Vi Response Function: With-In Session Prospective And Retrospective Efffects, James Dougan, Alfred Kuh, K. Vink

James Dougan

Two experiments examined the effects of session duration on responding during simple variable-interval schedules. In Experiment 1, rats were exposed to a series of simple variable-interval schedules differing in both session duration (10 min or 30 min) and scheduled reinforcement rate (7.5 s,15 s, 30 s, and 480 s). The functions relating response rate to reinforcement rate were predominantly monotonic for the short (10-min) sessions but were predominantly bitonic for the long (30-min) sessions, when data from the entire session were considered. Examination of responding within sessions suggested that differences in the whole-session data were produced by a combination of …

Validation Of A Portuguese Form Of Templer's Death Anxiety Scale, James M. Donovan

James M. Donovan

To translate Templer's Death Anxiety Scale into the Brazilian Portuguese Escala de Ansiedade de Morte, linguistic validity was first established by back-translation and calculating bilingual split-half reliability coefficients. Even-numbered items achieved a minimally adequate .59, while the odd-numbered items attained a satisfactory .91. The internal consistency of the Escala (.77) matches that found for the original scale. The construct validity was tested by replicating the interactions of the English form with (1) the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, (2) the Purpose-in-Life Test, and (3) Levenson's measure of locus of control. The Escala performed as expected, save for some difficulty with the locus …

1. Children's Decision-Making Competency: Misunderstanding Piaget., Thomas D. Lyon

Thomas D. Lyon

Sexual Differentiation Of Vasopressin Projections Of The Bed Nucleus Of The Stria Terminalis And Medial Amygdaloid Nucleus In Rats, Geert De Vries, Z. X. Wang, N. A. Bullock

Geert De Vries

The vasopressin-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) projections of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BST) and medial amygdaloid nucleus (MA) are much denser in males than in females even if males and females are treated with similar amounts of testosterone. Previous studies have established that testosterone influences AVP-ir projections during development, but not whether these effects of testosterone were permanent. This study tested the effects of various hormonal manipulations during development on the ability of testosterone to influence the AVP immunostaining in cells of the BST and MA and of fibers in the lateral septum of adult rats. In the first experiment, …

1. Young Children's Understanding Of Forgetting Over Time., Thomas D. Lyon, John H. Flavell

Thomas D. Lyon

Detection Of Deception In Law Enforcement Applicants: A Preliminary Investigation, Randy Borum, Harley Stock

Randy Borum

Using the MMPIand the IPI, the present study examined the differences in psychometric defensiveness between two groups of law enforcement applicants: applicants identified as being deceptive and a comparison group of candidates for whom no deception was indicated. Significant differences were found on the traditional validity (minimization) scales for both instruments as well as several supplemental scales and indexes from the MMPI. A new index (Es-K) from the MMPI showed a highly significant difference between groups and good classification accuracy. The results suggest that deceptive applicants show more defensiveness on psychometric testing and that test results may assist in raising …

Affect And The Perception Of Injustice, Steven J. Scher, David R. Heise

Steven J. Scher

Traditional approaches to distributive justice have seen the determination of whether or not a distribution of rewards is fair as a cognitive process, with emotion entering the process only as an outcome of a decision that the distribution was unjust. In this paper, we propose a modification of this view. Namely, we propose that justice is not calculated unless the actor feels a justice-related emotion (anger or guilt). These emotions, which arise in the course of social interaction, lead to the instigation of justice deliberations. Using Affect Control Theory, we explain how the justice-related emotions could arise in situations that …

Special Review: Evaluation Of The Exploratory Factor Analysis Programs Provided In Spssx And Spss/Pc+, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Given the frequent use of SPSSX and SPSS/PC+ exploratory factor analysis in analyzing multivariate psychometric data, it is germane to examine the limitations of the Factor program as it currently exists. Over recent years, the routines in these packages generally have been developed and expanded considerably. In particular, the exploratory factor analysis procedures have been greatly extended and enhanced with inclusion of additional estimation methods such as minimum likelihood, unweighted least squares, generalized least squares, and so on. Like­ wise, availability of a Scree plot of the latent roots against factor number has facilitated determination of the appropriate factor-extraction number. …

The Paradox Of Ideology, Justin Schwartz

Justin Schwartz

A standard problem with the objectivity of social scientific theory in particular is that it is either self-referential, in which case it seems to undermine itself as ideology, or self-excepting, which seem pragmatically self-refuting. Using the example of Marx and his theory of ideology, I show how self-referential theories that include themselves in their scope of explanation can be objective. Ideology may be roughly defined as belief distorted by class interest. I show how Marx thought that natural science was informed by class interest but not therefore necessarily ideology. Capitalists have an interest in understanding the natural world (to a …

Improving Clinical Judgment And Decision Making In Forensic Evaluation, Randy Borum, Randy Otto, Steve Golding

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Mental Training For High Risk Encounters In Law Enforcement, Randy Borum

Randy Borum

No abstract provided.

Student Lives: Dreams And Realities, Ellen N. Junn

Ellen N. Junn

No abstract provided.

Postsynaptic Ca2+, But Not Cumulative Depolarization, Is Necessary For The Induction Of Associative Plasticity In Hermissenda, Ronald F. Rogers, R. F. Matzel

Ronald F. Rogers

The neuronal modifications that underlie associative memory in Hermissenda have their origins in a synaptic interaction between the visual and vestibular systems, and can be mimicked by contiguous in vitro stimulation of these converging pathways. At the offset of vestibular stimulation (i.e., hair cell activity), the B photoreceptors are briefly released from synaptic inhibition resulting in a slight depolarization (2–4 mV). If contiguous pairings of light-induced depolarization and presynaptic vestibular activity occur in close temporal succession, this depolarization “accumulates” and has been hypothesized to culminate in a sustained rise in intracellular Ca2+ and a resultant Ca(2+)-mediated phosphorylation of K+ channels …

Ynical Hostility And Cardiovascular Reactivity During Self-Disclosure, Alan Christensen, T. Smith

Alan J. Christensen

Recent research suggests that hostility might contribute to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other illnesses. One potential mechanism linking hostility and health is exaggerated physiological reactivity to social stressors. Given that mistrust and suspiciousness are closely related to this trait, the self-disclosure of personal information regarding a stressful experience may elicit heightened reactivity in hostile persons. To evaluate this hypothesis, undergraduate men (N = 60) classified as high or low on the Cook and Medley Hostility (Ho) Scale were randomly assigned to either a self-disclosure or a nondisclosure condition. Consistent with prediction, among subjects participating in the …

After Poststructuralism: Interdisciplinarity And Literary Theory, Nancy Easterlin

Nancy Easterlin

No abstract provided.

Short-Term Memory (Nature, Contents, Formation, Encoding, Organization), Pennie Seibert

Pennie S. Seibert

No abstract provided.

Response-Reinforcer Independence And The Economic Continuum: A Preliminary Analysis, Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Abdulrazaq A. Imam

Three pigeons were exposed to 1-hr and 4-hr sessions during which they earned food under a fixedratio 50 schedule of reinforcement while obtaining additional food according to either a variableinterval or a variable-time schedule. Postsession food was provided after the 1-hr sessions. The frequency of the variable-interval and variable-time food presentations was varied under the two session durations. The various combinations of within-session earned and unearned food, as well as the postsession food, defined conditions on the open-to-closed economy continuum. Key pecks tended to increase as the frequency of either variable-interval or variable-time food decreased. An economiccontinuum analysis based on …

Associative Properties Of A Conditioned Inhibitor As A Function Of Age In Cats., Nancy K. Dess, Stephan S. Soltysik

Nancy K Dess

The efficacy of conditioned inhibition in a novel conditioned stimulus/conditioned inhibitor (CS/CI) compound was tested in 6-, 10-, and 14-week-old kittens. The conditioned response was suppression of respiration elicited by a 5.1-sec CS paired with a brief, mild footshock. During coterminated 3 sec later without the shock. As previously reported, the CI trained in this paradigm is more potent in older kittens but passes a summation test in all age groups (Dess & Soltysik, 1989). In the transfer test, the order of the CS and CI was reversed, so that the CI preceded the CS with no stimulus overlap. Transfer …

Finite State Automata: Dynamic Task Environments In Problem Solving Research, Axel Buchner, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke

Microworlds Based On Linear Equation Systems: A New Approach To Complex Problem Solving And Experimental Results, Joachim Funke

Joachim Funke