Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Pig Vocalizations Under Selected Husbandry Practices, Hongwei Xin, James A. Deshazer, D. W. Leger

Hongwei Xin

Acoustical characteristics of vocalizations of sows, piglets, and nursery pigs under selected husbandry practices were analyzed with a digital signal processing system. The duration (D) and major energy-resonance frequency (P) for each call were determined as follows: a) processing of piglets (D = 0.81 s and f* = 3 700 Hz); b) food anticipation of breeding-gestation sows (2.50 s and 3 000 Hz); c) isolation of piglet (0.34 s and 500, 3 500 Hz); d) startling of nursery pigs (0.29 s and 900 Hz); e) sows in heat (3.07 s and 1 375 Hz); f) farrowing (0.10 s and 3 …

The Social Environment And The Adaptation Of Mothers Of Physically Handicapped Children, Heather Banis, Jan Wallander, James Varni, Lina Babani, Christine Dehaan, Karen Wilcox

Heather Banis

Evaluated relationships between social environmental characteristics and adaptation in 50 mothers of congenitally physically handicapped 6- to 11-year-old children. Mothers reported on utilitarian resources, child adjustment, psychosocial family resources, service utilization, and three dimensions of adaptation. Analyses of the concurrent correlational design indicated significant proportions of the variance in mental and social functioning were explained by features of the social environment. Mother's physical health could not be significantly predicted. Consistently strong contributions were made by psychosocial family resources in all adaptation domains.

Family Resources As Resistance Factors For Psychological Maladjustment In Chronically Ill And Handicapped Children, Heather Banis, Jan Wallander, James Varni, Lina Babani, Karen Wilcox

Heather Banis

The hypothesis that their psychological adjustment is related in part to resources present in their families was investigated in 153 children, age 4–16, who had one of five chronic physical disorders: juvenile diabetes, juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obesity, spina bifida, or cerebral palsy. Their mothers completed standardized psychometric instruments to measure specific dimensions of family psychological and utilitarian resources and of child adjustment. Variation in children's psychological adjustment was related both to their psychological and utilitarian family resources. Psychological family resources contributed uniquely to the prediction of adjustment beyond that provided by utilitarian family resources. These results are discussed as …

Gender, Sexual Orientation, And Truth-Of-Consensus In Studies Of Physical Attractiveness, James M. Donovan, Elizabeth Hill, William R. Jankowiak

James M. Donovan

Truth-of-consensus methodology presently holds that sex differences in perceptions of physical attractiveness are negligible and may be routinely ignored during prescaling. No determination has been made in the literature of the effects of sexual orientation on this perceptual process. The data presented herein suggest that while sex and sexual orientation of judge are largely irrelevant to prescaling of female stimuli, these variables are important when judging male stimuli. In particular, male homosexuals and male heterosexuals differ significantly in ranking male facial photographs. Thus, experimenters wishing to treat attractiveness levels as known quantities should control for this difference, especially when using …

Disability Parameters, Chronic Strain, And Adaptation Of Physically Handicapped Children And Their Mothers, Heather Banis, Jan Wallander, James Varni, Lina Babani, Christine Dehaan, Karen Wilcox

Heather Banis

Investigated the contribution of disability parameters and chronic disability-related strain to the adaptation of 50 congenitally physically handicapped 6- to 11-year-old children and their mothers. Multiple dimensions of adaptation, disability status, and chronic disability-related strain were assessed with a variety of procedures. The mothers reported their children and themselves to display significantly worse adaptation than expected for a general sample. The adaptation of these children and their mothers, however, was not significantly related to the children's disability status nor the chronic strain thereto related. An exception was that the children's social functioning could be significantly explained by both of these …

Morphological And Behavioral Effects Of Perinatal Exposure To Aspartame (Nutrasweet®) On Rat Pups., Clinton Chapman, Raz Yirmiya, John Garcia, Edward Levin

Clinton D Chapman

Side effects of perinatal exposure to L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (aspartame [ASP]) were studied by providing ASP-containing water to female rats from 30 days before conception until the pups were 30 days of age. Compared with pups of mothers who drank plain water, ASP-exposed pups were not different in morphological (pinnae detachment, eye opening, incisor eruption, and body weight) and reflex (surface righting and negative geotaxis) development. No difference was found in the time taken by mothers to retrieve litters. At 30 days of age, performance of ASP-exposed Ss in a radial-arm maze differed from that of Ss not exposed. Results …

Comparison Of Higher Stratum Motivational Factors Across Sexes Using The Children's Motivation Analysis Test, Gregory J. Boyle, K B. Start

Gregory J. Boyle

The Children's Motivation Analysis Test (CMAT) is a newly developed objective instrument for quantifying several important motivational dynamic traits among primary school children. The CMAT is a downward extension of the MAT and SMAT instruments, which have put motivation measurement onto a new level of sophistication. These pencil-and-paper instruments avoid the most serious handicap of self-report questionnaires, namely the obvious transparency of items, and concomitant ease of faking good or faking bad, as well as other kinds of response distortion which may result from inadequate self-insight of one's motivational attributes. The CMAT was administered to separate groups of male and …

Prediction Of Academic Achievement Using The School Motivation Analysis Test., Gregory J. Boyle, Brian K. Start, John E. Hall

Gregory J. Boyle

Mathematics and English achievement was investigated among 277 Year 10 Australian students. Using the School Motivation Analysis Test (SMAT) as the measure of dynamic motivational traits, significant achievement variance (25 percent for Mathematics; 34 percent for English) was accounted for independently from that due to abilities and personality traits. Male students tended to invest a greater proportion of intellectual abilities (indexed via the SMAT General Information Intelligence score) than did females in the learning of Mathematics (accounting for 25 percent of the variance for males), whereas females demonstrated a higher investment of abilities in English. The specific motivational dynamic traits …

Sex Differences In The Prediction Of Academic Achievement Using The Children's Motivation Analysis Test, Gregory J. Boyle, Brian K. Start

Gregory J. Boyle

The Children's Motivation Analysis Test (CMAT), together with standardised achievement tests in mathematics and reading, was administered to a large sample of Australian elementary school children. Stepwise forward regression analyses were conducted on subsamples of 209 males and 179 females (cases with missing data previously excluded). Several of the CMAT dynamic traits significantly predicted achievement scores. The most useful predictors were conscientiousness (Superego) and family (Home) orientation. These results, based on objective motivation measurement, represent the beginnings of a new approach for research into children's motivation structure.

Are Employment-Interview Skills A Correlate Of Subtypes Of Schizophrenia?, James Charisiou, Henry J. Jackson, Gregory J. Boyle, Philip Burgess, Harry I. Minas, Stephen D. Joshua

Gregory J. Boyle

46 inpatients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizophrenia were assessed in the week prior to discharge from hospital on measures of positive and negative symptoms and on 12 measures of employment interview skills (i.e., eye contact, facial gestures, body posture, verbal content, voice volume, length of speech, motivation, self-confidence, ability to communicate, manifest adjustment, manifest intelligence, over-all interview skill), and a global measure of employability. A cluster analysis based on the total positive and negative symptom scores produced two groups. The group with the lower mean negative symptom score exhibited better employment-interview skills and higher ratings on employability.

Collaborative Research In Genetics, Maheswarappa B S

Prof B S Maheswarappa

Studies the collaborative research in Genetics based on authorship data collected from Genetics Abstracts 1970, 1975, 1980 and 1985. Slightly less than 80% of papers in genetics were by multiple authors. Two author papers outnumber single-author papers as well as papers with three or more authors and the proportions have changed over the years in favour of multiple authorship. The average number of papers has increased from 2•3 to 3•13 and so also the degree of collaboration from 0•70 to 0•84. The two-author papers were a maximum in 14 research fronts. The highest proportion of multi-author papers (80%) were found …

Seed Pathology Literature, Maheswarappa B. S, Usha G. N

Prof B S Maheswarappa

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Life In End-Stage Renal Disease: Influence Of Renal Transplantation, Alan Christensen, J Holman, C Turner, J Slaughter

Alan J. Christensen

No abstract provided.

Los Libros, Adelaida López-Mejia

Adelaida López Mejía

No abstract provided.

Behavioral Contrast In Pigeons And Rats: A Comparative Analysis, James Dougan, Frances Mcsweeney, Valeri Farmer-Dougan

James Dougan

The effects of reinforcement rate on behavioral contrast were examined in pigeons and rats. Each species was exposed to a series of 12 multiple variable-interval schedules, divided into four 3-schedule series. Each series consisted of a standard contrast manipulation, and baseline schedules provided a different rate of reinforcement in each of the series. The functions relating reinforcement rate to the magnitude of contrast were different across species. Rats showed a U-shaped function, with reliable contrast occurring only at high reinforcement rates. Pigeons showed an inverted U-shaped function, with contrast occurring on all schedules except the schedule providing the lowest rate …

Review Of Donald E. Polkinghorne, Narrative Knowing And The Human Sciences, Barbara Johnstone

Barbara Johnstone

No abstract provided.

Breadth-Depth Or State-Trait Curiosity? A Factor Analysis Of State-Trait Curiosity And State Anxiety Scales, Gregory J. Boyle

Gregory J. Boyle

Mood Induction, Interpersonal Perceptions, And Behavioral Rejection In Students With Depressed, Non-Depressed Disturbed, And Normal Roommates, Charles A. Sanislow, David V. Perkins, Deborah Ware Balogh

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

The present study used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) to select, based on multidimensional criteria, 51 college students who displayed depression alone, depression in conjunction with other psychological disturbance (PD), nondepressive PD, or no PD. All students had been living with randomly assigned roommates (RMs) for at least 10 wks. RMs of these students completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List, the Profile of Mood States, MMPI-168 Depression scale items, and items concerning roommate behavior. RMs of students depressed in conjunction with other PD were significantly more depressed themselves on 2 measures than were RMs of students in the …