Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Neuroanatomical Differences Between Boys And Girls With Adhd: A Critical Review And Implications For Treatment, Shelby Clouthier, Jessica Anderson

EURēCA: Exhibition of Undergraduate Research and Creative Achievement

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a childhood neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by developmentally inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; 5th ed., American Psychiatric Association, 2013). About 5% of school age children are diagnosed with this disorder and about 65% will have symptoms that persist beyond adolescence (Friedman and Rapport, 2015). Although girls with ADHD exhibit different symptoms relative to boys with ADHD, there is a lack of research on sex-differences in ADHD-related neuroanatomical structures. There is evidence, however, that girls with ADHD have a 10% decrease in total cerebral gray matter volume compared to …

Incorporating Videos And Related Digital Assignments In A Child Development Course, Pamela Schuetze Ph.D.

Fostering Innovation in Teaching with Technology (FITT) Academy

Project Scope:

In order to fully appreciate child development, it is essential for students to be exposed to children of a variety of ages which is best achieved by observing children. However, due to numerous logistical challenges, it is difficult to conduct live, in-person observations of children. Furthermore, in order to fully discuss concepts relevant to the study of child development in class, students need to familiarize themselves with the concept prior to the class meeting. One method for achieving this is to partially "flip" the class so that students watch a video lecture that describes the concepts prior to …

Developing A Technological Garment To Aid Those With Anxiety Disorder, Katherine N. Boedecker

ASA Multidisciplinary Research Symposium

The purpose of this research was to develop a technological garment for patients in behavioral health hospitals with anxiety disorder.

Effects Of Animal-Assisted Therapy Among Children With Mental Health Disorders, Alysa Amelio

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Abstract

Background: Mental health illness is on the rise amongst children in the United States. Research is still underway about alternative forms of therapy to provide to this vulnerable population. One of the alternative therapies utilized is Animal-Assisted Therapy (AAT).

Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify the effects of AAT on children whom have been diagnosed with a mental health disorder.

Method: An integrative literature review was conducted to include primary research that was peer reviewed, and completed within the last ten years. Data synthesis and analysis was completed to identify themes within the literature. The themes …

Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress: An Integrative Literature Review, Cassia Onken

Grace Peterson Nursing Research Colloquium

Pediatric Medical Traumatic Stress (PMTS) is a common occurrence and not well understood by the medical community. Therefore, identifying key concepts is necessary to provide early intervention for children and parents. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate current research to determine common themes of PMTS. Questions included “What is known about the defining characteristics of PMTS?” and “What variable interactions predispose a child to PMTS development?” Articles were found using CINAHL, PsychInfo, PubMed, ProQuest, and Academic Search Complete using key words like acute stress disorder, post-traumatic stress, medical traumatic stress, pediatric, child, parent, and guardian. Studies had …

The Power And Pathologies Of Language: How Human Rights Messaging Can Also Affect Support For Violent Non-State Actors, Alexandra Haines, Michele Leiby, Matthew Krain

Biennial Conference: The Social Practice of Human Rights

Are framing strategies that are effective at encouraging pro-social behavior such as participation in human rights campaigns also effective at mobilizing support for “anti-social” and violent causes? Using an experimental research design, we seek to understand under what conditions individuals will express support for retributive violent action.

We hypothesize that a personal story of victimization, wherein the humanity and vulnerability of the victim and the intensity of the violence suffered are described in vivid detail, will be necessary and sufficient to cause the audience to express support for the victim’s subsequent participation in organized, retaliatory violence. We expect that personal …

The Path (Partners Against Trafficking In Humans) Project: Development Of The Path Model, Fanell Williams

Biennial Conference: The Social Practice of Human Rights

The University of Toledo’s Human Trafficking and Social Justice Institute is conducting the PATH (Partners Against Trafficking in Humans) Project to develop the PATH Model. The PATH Project is a community-wide, coordinated, and data-driven response to human trafficking. PATH applies the structure and techniques from a successful and focused healthcare model called the Pathways Model. The vision is for the PATH Model to become an evidence-based model expanded throughout the United States.

PATH coordinates existing services to create a transparent, accountable, and comprehensive system to move clients along the continuum of care. The goal is to move victims from survivors …

Doing Greater Good, While Doing No Individual Harm: A Public Health Approach To Human Trafficking Using A Human Rights-Centered Model, Patrick L. Kerr, Rachel Dash

Biennial Conference: The Social Practice of Human Rights

Human trafficking (i.e., modern slavery) includes myriad forms of sex and labor trafficking. Widely ranging estimates of the prevalence of human trafficking are commonly cited; at the same time, accurate data on these phenomena remain elusive, and assumptions rather than empirical evidence about the nature, targets, and proliferation of trafficking often dominate public policy discourse.

In this paper, we describe the ways in which this lack of accurate data on basic prevalence rates has led to key limitations in anti-trafficking work. First, this lack of data prevents a clear understanding of the problem of trafficking. Second, this deficit limits our …

A-2 Intimate Partner Violence And Substance Abuse: Male And Female Perpetrators, Christiana D. Atkins

Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship

Domestic violence has been a pervasive, long-standing problem in our society, likely for as long as society has been around. In the United States, it wasn’t until 1871 that the first state (Alabama) rescinded the “husbandly” right to physically punish their wives. Societal views on relationship violence have since changed significantly. Male perpetrators of intimate partner violence have been the focus of studies since the 1970’s when domestic violence started gaining attention in literature and in popular culture. Contrary to popular belief, females have been found to be more likely to initiate violence. Female intimate partner violence perpetration rates have …

P-13 Understanding Dv Attitudes In A College Sample, Amy Manjarres, Melissa Ponce-Rodas

Celebration of Research and Creative Scholarship

More than 20,000 phone calls are placed to domestic violence (DV) hotlines on a typical day, and one in three women and one in four men have been victims of some form of physical violence at the hands of an intimate partner within their lifetime (www.enditnow.org). Even though rates of DV are pandemic, very little literature has examined how religious beliefs impact people’s perceptions of DV. Even less has focused on perceptions of college students. Therefore, using online surveys, the current study aimed to document student’s religious and gender role beliefs, and assess their relationships with definitions of domestic violence …

Investigation Of Kosovar, Albanian, Bosnian And Turk Adolescents’ Attitudes Toward Violence, Elmedina Çesko

UBT International Conference

This research investigates the attitudes towards violence of three ethnic groups in Kosovo and adolescents’cultural aspects. The aim of the research is to investigate whether the attitude of violence of Kosovo Albanian, Bosnian and Turk adolescents show a significant difference according to ethnic group and gender. The sample of the research was recorded separately from each ethnic group. From the Albanian ethnic group, a total of 300 adolescents, from the Bosnian ethnic group a total of 200 adolescents, and from the Turkish ethnic group a total of 200 adolescents, in total 700 adolescents participated in the research. For data collection …

Family Cohesion As Important Factor For Attitudes Towards Psychoactive Drugs In Adolescence, Hana Saliu, Myqereme Rusi, Dega Marku

UBT International Conference

Adolescence is a fragile period in which the person passes from the childhood to the adulthood. During this period the adolescent passes through different challenges. Adolescent has to deal with physical, physiological, emotional, cognitive, social and other changes, and during his journey family as a social factor has the most important part, because with their support they help the adolescent to overcome all the difficulties on his way. Because of the function and the importance that family has over the adolescent, in this research we have measured the correlation between family cohesion and the attitudes towards psychoactive drugs, because as …

Understanding An Organization’S Culture Through Its Stories, Chris Cummings, Alex Lavidge

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Stories shared either publicly or privately within work environments influence schemata that in turn can affect employee performance. These myriad stories may include how a problem was solved, how productivity was increased on a particular task, or in less positive instances whom is to blame for an unmet expectation. Such stories may also serve to illustrate how and why employees find meaning in their work and/or the broader organization and its mission. This presentation will begin by exploring academic research regarding how the culmination of these stories about the past, present, and future predictions can shape both positive and negative …

Time After Time: Creating A Culture Of Development By Assessing At Multiple Times, Emilie Seyfang, Sydney L. Reichin, Kali Thompson, Jessie Mcclure, Mark Frame

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Organizations that promote a culture of learning and development among their employees are more likely to adapt and remain afloat in the turbulent environment in which most business are facing today. This symposium will discuss how assessing employee performance using varied methods and at different times can help to create culture change over time. The symposium will address the implementation of these methods as well as help practitioners to better understand the implications of changing assessment scores form time-one to time-two. The symposium will address the processes and the obstacles involved with using individual assessments to create long term change …

Creating The Context For Effective Culture Work, Matthew Berberich

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

A culture that embraces change, responds quickly to changing needs and connects everyone at every level as business owners is an exciting future for companies and employees. In this culture leaders learn to unleash the unique potential in each individual to solve problems never solved before. The opportunity for positive impact goes far beyond our daily work. It spills into every area of our lives and in tangible ways impacts the world. Performance metrics and engagement only put you in line for this door to the future. The door can get locked when organizations become lulled into thinking “good-enough” by …

Rape Culture And The Workplace: How Do We Change It?, Alexandra Zelin

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

A recent focal article submitted by Cortina et al. (2017) to the Industrial and Organizational Psychology: Perspectives on Science and Practice journal discusses the need for workplace literature to move away from victim precipitation. Essentially, we as I-O Psychologists need to follow the path of researchers in areas such as criminology and stop placing blame on the victims for being recipients of certain behaviors. The problem with this sentiment is that if we do not measure others’ perceptions of victim behavior in our research we are effectively ignoring the realities of workplace culture, especially when it comes to sexual harassment …

Making It Stick: The Secret To Developing A Data-Driven Culture, Cheryl Nickel, Lorin Farr, Aimee Wood, Shawn Bergman, Christopher J. L. Cunningham

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Big data and analytics has been recognized as fundamental to an organization’s success has consistently identified as one of top 10 Workforce Trends in recent years. One of the final steps in an analytics or applied research project is deployment where a solution is integrated into business practices. Without cultural acceptance, however, organizations risk missing out on the full impact that data and evidence-based practices can deliver. Even with data and analytics solutions deployed in business procedures, employees may still make decisions based on hunches and instinct. In order to harness the full potential of data analytics, organizations need to …

Are You Really At The Center Of Our Success?: The Effect Of Core Roles On The Relationship Between Individual Performance And Team Performance, Olrica Turnquest

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

With this increase in team usage among organizations, the ability to establish teams that are able to achieve team goals is becoming increasingly important (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). Despite the myriad of factors that could potentially impact the team’s success, there is one factor of interest that will be examined with this study. More specifically, this study will seek to investigate the relationship between individual performance and overall team effectiveness with the “coreness” of the role as a mediator. A research study conducted by Humphrey, Morgeson, & Mannor (2009) is an example of support for the idea that some roles …

An Examination Of Common Strategies To Improve Intergroup Relations And Minority Group Members’ Perceptions Of Group Social Standing And Individual Power, Marie Carroll

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

With few exceptions, the research examining perspective taking and empathy as intergroup relation strategies has focused on the benefits of each strategy on members of the majority group (Vorauer & Quesnel, 2016). However, when researchers have included measures to examine the effects of these intergroup relation strategies on minority group members, they have only focused on how enjoyable the experience was for the target and if they experienced happiness as a result of the experience (e.g., Vorauer, Martens, & Sasaki, 2009) For instance, Todd, Bodenhausen, Richeson, and Galinsky (2011) found that Black participants experienced increased intergroup positivity with White participants …

Consistency Is Key: Intercollegiate Athlete Perceptions Of The Justice Of Team Disciplinary Decisions, Justin M. Jones M.S. Candidate, Elizabeth L. Shoenfelt Ph.D.

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Discipline and, how it is perceived, is of great consequence to organizations. Importantly, how disciplinary decisions are determined and carried out can influence the attitudes, behavior, and emotions of organizational members both positively and negatively (Ball, Trevino, & Sims, 1992). Although there is a dearth of research investigating the perceptions of those receiving punishment, it is equally important to understand the perceptions of those observing the disciplinary process. The purpose of this study was to investigate perceptions of justice involving disciplinary decisions in an intercollegiate team sport setting. Male and female intercollegiate athletes (N = 204) provided open ended responses …

Promotion Recommendations Of All Sizes, Jeanette Badar, Judith Van Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

This study investigates weight stereotypes on promotion decisions. Previous research has focused on obesity stereotypes in the workplace regarding weight discrimination, when comparing average weight individuals to overweight and/or obese individuals. However, research has not investigated weight discrimination in the workplace setting for very thin individuals as compared to overweight individuals. Additionally, very little research has been conducted regarding weight discrimination on promotion decision-making. Based on previous research, this study hypothesizes: (1) Overweight promotional candidates will be discriminated against at a higher rate than thin promotional candidates; (2) Based on the similarity-attraction theory, thin individuals will be more likely to …

Does Lack Of Communication Regarding Pay Negatively Affect Perceived Justice In The Workplace, Kyera Fletcher, Judith Van Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The purpose of the current study was designed to investigate the role communication plays on perceived justice within an organization. This study specifically looks at communication regarding pay, while also comparing two pay policies: pay secrecy and open communication. This study will utilize an experimental 3x2 between-subjects factorial design to examine the effects of informational content received at work on perceived justice regarding pay. The independent variables will be the level of information provided (full explanation for pay difference, some explanation for pay difference, no explanation for pay difference), and the organization’s communication policy (pay secrecy system, open communication system). …

Recruitment Source Usage And Decision-Making Styles: An Examination Of The Individual Differences Hypothesis, Danielle Reagan, Liam Nield, Yalcin Acikgoz

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The individual differences hypothesis suggests that individuals with varying characteristics are attracted to different recruitment sources, which leads to differences in relative effectiveness of recruitment sources. In our study, we will examine the recruitment sources participants use and their decision-making styles to investigate whether there is a relationship between decision-making styles and the sources used when job searching. Though research has been conducted on employees’ performance differences and recruitment sources, these studies generally use the source which employees were hired through, and assume employees prefer that source. Due to the possibility of multiple sources being used, this could be inaccurate. …

The Impact Of Supervisor Gender On Employee's Job Satisfaction, Cody Brumbelow, Janeli Bercerra, Erin Cook, Caroline Wilson

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

It is a commonly held notion that there is gender inequality throughout the workforce. There is factual evidence such as salary differences between men and women that supports this claim. In the past, a misconception had developed that men are better suited for executive, leading roles, which also offers an explanation to the differences in wages. In modern times, we understand these differences in gender do not hold up to scientific scrutiny. Our purpose in this research is to continue to dispel the myth that men are better suited for power positions in the workforce and push for further progress …

Adding Vs. Averaging: How Do Job Applicants Evaluate Job Attributes?, Kirsten Montanari, Yalcin Acikgoz, Brian Thomas, Connor Treyball

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Successful recruitment efforts are increasingly important in a competitive job market, where job seekers are exposed to a wealth of opportunities, and employers must provide valuable information to attract talented individuals. Popular job search engines contain thousands of available positions, which allow job seekers to scan and decide which postings align with their goals and expectations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the ways in which applicants evaluate job postings, which by their nature contain information regarding multiple attributes of a job. This will be accomplished by investigating how job candidates combine their evaluations of each attribute to …

Developing A Conditional Reasoning Test For Impression Management, Kirsten Montanari, Devon Hickman, Thomas Skora, Yalcin Acikgoz, Yonca Toker

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

Individuals engage in impression management behaviors in most social situations. However, one of the most prone settings to impression management is the work context. Even though the extent to which an individual performs impression management behaviors is influenced by situational factors, it is also plausible that there is a dispositional component involved, as some people are more likely to engage in impression management behaviors than others. Therefore, it is important to be able to measure the extent to which individuals are likely to engage in impression management. In this study, an innovative approach to the measurement of impression management is …

Retesting In A Promotional Process: Amount Of Time Between Tests Accounting For Magnitude Of Score Increases, Sydney L. Reichin, Mark C. Frame, Alexander T. Jackson, Michael Hein

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

There are many reasons why an applicant may retake a selection test, whether it’s due to reasons outside of their control or perhaps their first test administration was unsuccessful. Research has shown that scores generally increase when applicants retake a test. However, research on situational judgment tests and in-basket simulations have been overshadowed by research on admissions tests, cognitive ability tests, and personality tests. Further, much research has focused on retesting effects during the initial selection process, but the current research aims to shed light on retesting effects during the promotional process. The literature shows conflicting findings regarding time between …

The Influence Of Transformational Leadership On Leaders And Followers, Katherine Stottmann, Courtney Keim

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

In order for a company to be successful and profitable, its managers must display good leadership skills to ensure organizational performance. One well-researched type of leadership is transformational leadership, which includes an emotional attachment between leaders and followers that shapes followers’ goals, values, and beliefs in line with a more motivating vision (Castro, Periñan, & Bueno, 2008; Humphrey; 2014). Transformational leadership has been found to have a significant positive relationship with follower motivation, job satisfaction and job performance (Castro, et al., 2008). We hypothesize that if a manager receives transformational leadership training, there will be a lower turnover rate and …

Female Bystander Intervention In Incidents Of Workplace Sexual Harassment, Lauren E. Snowdy, Alexandra I. Zelin

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The current study addresses the prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace and explores the roles of bystanders, or those who witness these encounters, during and after events of workplace sexual harassment. It qualitatively investigates how perceptions of organizational sexual harassment situations influence bystander intervention. It places particular focus on female bystanders’ impressions of female victims. It also considers the role that stigmatization of a victim plays in the intervention of these female bystanders in incidents of workplace sexual harassment. This investigation explores the repercussions of associating with a stigmatized female victim and how the ramifications of females getting involved …

The Fantasy Of Wealth: Attracting College Graduates Into The Workforce, Nile Latowsky, Shawn M. Bergman Dr., James Westerman Dr.

River Cities Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference

The need for top talent is a critical factor towards the current and future success of organizations. Each year 1.5 million college students graduate and enter the largest generation of the workforce, Millennials. Therefore, it is imperative for companies to understand how to effectively attract the Millennial talent pool. A trend within organizational recruiting is for companies to provide more initiatives for organization's stakeholders than just the triple bottom line. One type of initiative that is shown to be effective in recruiting from the general talent pool is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which is an organization's efforts towards obligations at …