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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Age (2)
- Age variation (1)
- Aging (1)
- Backward Compatibility Effect (1)
- Behavior (1)
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- Dual Task (1)
- Ecological validity (1)
- Frontal lateralization (1)
- Interference resolution (1)
- Older adults (1)
- Parallel Processing (1)
- Performance (1)
- Positron Emission Tomography (1)
- Positron emission tomography (1)
- Problem solving (1)
- Psychological Refractory Period (1)
- Representativeness (1)
- Response - selection Bottleneck Model (1)
- Response Selection (1)
- Verbal working memory (1)
- Volume of Interest (1)
- Working memory (1)
- Younger adults (1)
Articles 1 - 5 of 5
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Backward Compatibility Effects In Younger And Older Adults, Alan Hartley, François Maquestiaux, Sara B. Festini, Kathryn Frazier, Patricia J. Krimmer
Backward Compatibility Effects In Younger And Older Adults, Alan Hartley, François Maquestiaux, Sara B. Festini, Kathryn Frazier, Patricia J. Krimmer
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
In many dual-task situations, responses to the second of two tasks are slowed when the time between tasks is short. The response-selection bottleneck model of dual-task performance accounts for this phenomenon by assuming that central processing of the second task is blocked by a bottleneck until central processing of Task 1 is complete. This assumption could be called into question if it could be demonstrated that the response to Task 2 affected the central processing of Task 1, a backward response compatibility effect. Such effects are well-established in younger adults. Backward compatibility effects in older (as well as younger) adults …
Age Differences In Behavior And Pet Activation Reveal Differences In Interference Resolution In Verbal Working Memory, Alan Hartley, John Jonides, Christina Marshuetz, Edward E. Smith, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Robert A. Koeppe
Age Differences In Behavior And Pet Activation Reveal Differences In Interference Resolution In Verbal Working Memory, Alan Hartley, John Jonides, Christina Marshuetz, Edward E. Smith, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Robert A. Koeppe
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
Older adults were tested on a verbal working memory task that used the item-recognition paradigm. On some trials of this task, response-conflict was created by presenting test-items that were familiar but were not members of a current set of items stored in memory. These items required a negative response, but their familiarity biased subjects toward a positive response. Younger subjects show an interference effect on such trials, and this interference is accompanied by activation of a region of left lateral prefrontal cortex. However, there has been no evidence that the activation in this region is causally related to the interference …
Age Differences In The Frontal Lateralization Of Verbal And Spatial Working Memory Revealed By Pet, Alan Hartley, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, John Jonides, Edward E. Smith, Andrea Miller, Christina Marshuetz, Robert A. Koeppe
Age Differences In The Frontal Lateralization Of Verbal And Spatial Working Memory Revealed By Pet, Alan Hartley, Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, John Jonides, Edward E. Smith, Andrea Miller, Christina Marshuetz, Robert A. Koeppe
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
Age-related decline in working memory figures prominently in theories of cognitive aging. However, the effects of aging on the neural substrate of working memory are largely unknown. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to investigate verbal and spatial short-term storage (3 sec) in older and younger adults. Previous investigations with younger subjects performing these same tasks have revealed asymmetries in the lateral organization of verbal and spatial working memory. Using volume of interest (VOI) analyses that specifically compared activation at sites identified with working memory to their homologous twin in the opposite hemisphere, we show pronounced age differences in this …
The Cognitive Ecology Of Problem Solving, Alan Hartley
The Cognitive Ecology Of Problem Solving, Alan Hartley
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
This chapter examines the first goal: understanding real-world problem solving. It is particularly concerned with issues of representativeness and what has been called ecological validity. In addition, because there is considerable evidence that there are differences across the adult life span in solving problems, as reviewed by Botwinick (1978), Giambra and Arenberg (1980), and Rabbitt (1977), it will be important to ask whether or not age is an important qualifier to the conclusions that are reached. The first section discusses the problems people actually face and reviews the paradigms used in scientific investigations to represent problems, including studies of age …
Acquisition And Application Of Expertise At Computer Text Editing By Younger And Older Adults, Alan Hartley, Joellen T. Hartley
Acquisition And Application Of Expertise At Computer Text Editing By Younger And Older Adults, Alan Hartley, Joellen T. Hartley
Scripps Faculty Publications and Research
Groups of younger and older adults learned to use a computer text editor. Measures of both knowledge and performance were collected at regular intervals. Better recall of material learned was correlated with better performance; there were no age group differences in recalled knowledge or in performance. Models of more skilled individuals showed richer knowledge representations and more sophisticated performance rules than models of less skilled individuals. Age accounted for very little of the variation in skilled performance.