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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Impulsivity (2)
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- Adjusting amount (1)
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Articles 1 - 12 of 12
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Addressing Response Requirements And Behavioral Costs In Contingency Management For Smoking Cessation, Brantley Phillip Jarvis
Addressing Response Requirements And Behavioral Costs In Contingency Management For Smoking Cessation, Brantley Phillip Jarvis
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Despite the efficacy of contingency management (CM) in promoting smoking reduction and abstinence, major barriers continue to hinder its widespread dissemination and adoption. The present study addressed two of these barriers, inefficient response requirements and high behavioral costs, by evaluating a novel payment schedule implemented within a workplace setting. Nine university staff were enrolled in a 6-week ABAB study design. During baseline weeks, participants earned money contingent on session attendance. During CM weeks, participants earned money contingent on smoking reduction or abstention payment arrangements, which were available concurrently. Abstention payments increased in magnitude across treatment weeks whereas reduction payments decreased. …
The Effects Of Caffeine On Delay Discounting In Humans, Andrew Dylan Markham
The Effects Of Caffeine On Delay Discounting In Humans, Andrew Dylan Markham
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
A behavioral form of impulsivity, delay discounting, has been used to examine the effects of drug consumption on individuals' abilities to delay gratification. However, delay discounting has not been used to examine one of the most commonly used drugs in the world, caffeine. Nor has delay discounting been used to examine the effects of drug influence on impulsivity. This study examined the influence of 200 mg caffeine on delay discounting in a collegiate sample. 15 participants underwent two experimental sessions: a caffeine condition and a placebo condition. Although participants were more impulsive under caffeine than under placebo, this trend was …
Investigating The Functionality Of A Self-Report Instrument To Detect Autistic Traits In A Non-Clinical College Population: Psychometric Properties Of The Short Version Of Autism-Spectrum Quotient (Aq-26), Anna Zilberberg
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The present study investigated the dimensionality of the short version of Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ-26) (Baron-Cohen et al., 2001) via confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Designed to screen for autistic traits in a non-clinical adult population, the AQ-26 can potentially be a very useful tool both in research and practice. However, evidence pertaining to the structural validity of the AQ-26 is scarce and inconclusive. Competing factor structure models based on previous research were specified and tested using an American college student sample. None of the theoretically specified models provided adequate fit for the data and the focus …
Adolescent Characteristics That Contribute To Family Conflict In Families With Adolescents With Adhd, Olivia Adelle Christensen
Adolescent Characteristics That Contribute To Family Conflict In Families With Adolescents With Adhd, Olivia Adelle Christensen
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Adolescents with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) are at a heightened risk of parent/adolescent conflict. Families with adolescents with ADHD tend to experience frequent and intense family conflict which can be problematic to family cohesion. Existing treatments targeting family conflict are minimally effective. The current study explored adolescent characteristics hypothesized to predict family conflict in families with adolescents with ADHD. The relationship between parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of conflict was also investigated. In the current study there was not a relationship between parents’ and adolescents’ perceptions of family conflict indicating disagreement. Adolescents’ age and symptoms of depression predicted family conflict regardless …
The Impact Of Culture On Self-Objectification And Risky Appearance Management Behaviors In College Females: A Path Analytic Model, Ellyn Leighton-Herrmann
The Impact Of Culture On Self-Objectification And Risky Appearance Management Behaviors In College Females: A Path Analytic Model, Ellyn Leighton-Herrmann
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
According to objectification-theory, females are socialized to think of their bodies as objects. Given the presence of media and social influence in day to day life, these are likely to have an influence on how young adult females view their bodies. The current study specified a path model testing theoretically-based, hypothesized relationships between cultural, self-objectification, and certain appearance management behaviors in college females. As predicted, significant, positive relationships were found between the Internalization of the thin ideal and the Media, Relationship Status, and Family and Peer influence. Only two of the three hypothesized relationships between Internalization the components of McKinley …
Interteaching And The Testing Effect: How Quizzes Alter The Efficacy Of Interteaching, Tonya Lambert
Interteaching And The Testing Effect: How Quizzes Alter The Efficacy Of Interteaching, Tonya Lambert
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
In recent years, educational systems have come under great scrutiny. In response to this scrutiny, researchers have developed numerous behavior-analytic teaching methods, the most recent being interteaching. In a growing number of studies, interteaching has proven to be more effective than traditional methods of instruction, but little research has examined ways to make interteaching even more effective. Research on the testing effect suggests that frequent testing may improve student-learning outcomes. Thus, including post-discussion quizzes as a part of interteaching might be one way to make it more effective. In the present study, participants completed interteaching in a simulated classroom setting. …
Predicting Police Aggression: Using Theory To Inform Police Selection Assessment, James Robert Koepfler
Predicting Police Aggression: Using Theory To Inform Police Selection Assessment, James Robert Koepfler
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Although incidents of excessive force by police are very rare, they have a significant impact. Instances of excessive force can lead to expensive law suits, wasted resources spent on training and equipping officers, as well as a breakdown of trust between citizens and police departments. Psychologists can help to reduce inappropriate aggressive behavior through careful screening of police officer candidates. Most research has focused on the efficacy of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) in predicting police performance; however, results have been inconclusive regarding its ability to predict police aggression. The purpose of this study was to identify whether the …
Limits On The Number Of Concurrent Auditory Streams, Jonathan Henry Schuett
Limits On The Number Of Concurrent Auditory Streams, Jonathan Henry Schuett
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Evidence suggests that listeners are limited to perceiving only three streams of auditory information when that information is presented within a rapid sequence of tonal elements. However, this limit has yet to be determined in a controlled setting while using complex tones. Because complex tones are more analogous to naturally occurring tones, finding this limit with complex tones would offer more ecological validity to the suggested perceptual limitation. Thus, Experiment 1 of the current investigation presented listeners with 2- to 5-tone sequences of sawtooth tones at a variety of presentation rates, instructing listeners to report the number of tonal events …
An Examination Of The Construct Validity Of The Hong Psychological Reactance Scale, Allison Brown
An Examination Of The Construct Validity Of The Hong Psychological Reactance Scale, Allison Brown
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The purpose of the current study was to investigate the construct validity of a measure of trait reactance: the Hong Psychological Reactance Scale (HPRS). Investigating the functioning of this measure was particularly important, as the conclusions drawn from studies relating reactance to affect, attitudes, and behavior hinge on the legitimacy and quality of the HPRS. Using two samples of undergraduates, the current study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the factor structure of the HPRS and relate it to conformity, the Big Five personality traits, and entitlement. Results supported modeling the HPRS via a modified incomplete bifactor model. As …
Using An Adjusting Amount Procedure To Investigate Impulsivity In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr), Phillip Andrew Halsey
Using An Adjusting Amount Procedure To Investigate Impulsivity In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (Shr), Phillip Andrew Halsey
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
This experiment compared impulsivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), a putative animal model of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with two control strains. One definition of impulsive behavior that appears in the literature is preference for smaller sooner (SS) reinforcers over larger later (LL) reinforcers when both are concurrently available in the context of discrete trial choice procedures. Adopting that definition, the current experiment used an adjusting amount procedure to measure changes in the subjective value of delayed reinforcers. The LL reinforcers varied across 5 conditions (5 pellets, each evaluated at 5 delays: 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32-s). From the …
The Impact Of D-Amphetamine On Resistance To Extinction (Rte) In A Single Schedule Preparation, Stephen Howard Robertson
The Impact Of D-Amphetamine On Resistance To Extinction (Rte) In A Single Schedule Preparation, Stephen Howard Robertson
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
Some researchers have suggested that the discrepancy in findings between studies of resistance-to-extinction that use single-schedules and those that use multiple-schedules is the result of increased discriminability between training and extinction conditions in the single-schedule preparation, masking the true relation between reinforcer density and resistance to extinction. Because d-amphetamine has been shown to interfere with stimulus control in a number of preparations, the current study examined the effects of d-amphetamine on rats’ lever-pressing in the context of a single-schedule resistance-to-extinction preparation. During training, doses of d-amphetamine or vehicle were administered 15 min prior to sessions in which the delivery of …
Examining The Role Of Cognitive Ability And Individual Thinking Dispositions In Moral Judgment, Kimberly R. Marsh
Examining The Role Of Cognitive Ability And Individual Thinking Dispositions In Moral Judgment, Kimberly R. Marsh
Masters Theses, 2010-2019
The current study examined the relation between individual cognitive ability (SAT total score), thinking dispositions (Stanovich’s (2008) Master Rationality Motive, Cacioppo et al.’s (1984) Need for Cognition, Stanovich & West’s (1997) Actively Open-minded Thinking scales), and moral judgment. The relation between these individual differences and moral judgment was examined across multiple contexts. First, the expression of myside bias was examined within a medical ethics scenario in which a limited number of organs must be allocated between two groups of people with differential transplant survival rates. Second, the role of individual differences was examined in moral reasoning across differential presentation of …