Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Depression (4)
- Attachment (3)
- Mindfulness (3)
- Anxiety (2)
- Emerging adulthood (2)
-
- Event-related potentials (2)
- Mixed methods (2)
- Social support (2)
- Activism (1)
- Adolescence (1)
- Affect regulation (1)
- Aging (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Athletic identity (1)
- Athletics (1)
- Attention (1)
- Audiovisual speech perception (1)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (1)
- Bisexual (1)
- Black (1)
- Body Image (1)
- Career assessment (1)
- Central executive functioning (1)
- Children (1)
- Climate change psychology (1)
- Cognitive Load Theory (1)
- Cognitive decline (1)
- Comorbid (1)
- Concussion (1)
- Consumer behavior (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 35
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Evaluation And Remediation Of Rater Scoring Of Constructed Response Items, Frank Padellaro Jr
Evaluation And Remediation Of Rater Scoring Of Constructed Response Items, Frank Padellaro Jr
Doctoral Dissertations
The primary focus of this study is the impact of variation in rater scoring of constructed response items for credentialing exams used for licensure or accreditation in a professional endeavor. In this type of exam, a candidate may be asked to write in detail about a legal opinion, an auditing report, or a patient diagnosis (just to name a few examples), and a rater (often a professional from the field) is responsible for evaluating the response (Raymond, 2002). Unfortunately, it is impossible for a rater, even one who is well trained, to make such judgments without some amount of error. …
Three Investigations Into The Dynamics And Implications Of Identity-Protective Cognition For Public Responses To Environmental Problems, Daniel A. Chapman
Three Investigations Into The Dynamics And Implications Of Identity-Protective Cognition For Public Responses To Environmental Problems, Daniel A. Chapman
Doctoral Dissertations
In the case of responding to climate change and related environmental problems, opinions about the best course of action have become starkly polarized along ideological lines. The identity-protective cognition thesis posits that when individuals experience a sense of challenge to these identities, they are motivated to engage in cognitive shortcuts and other reasoning processes to protect these identities against threat. In this research, I discuss three investigations into identity-protective cognition in the context of responding to environmental problems, applying the broader identity-protective cognition framework to a diverse set of theoretical and practical questions. Chapter 2 highlights research exploring the effect …
Maternal Postpartum Depression And Father Involvement Across The Transition To Parenthood, Katie Newkirk
Maternal Postpartum Depression And Father Involvement Across The Transition To Parenthood, Katie Newkirk
Doctoral Dissertations
Maternal postpartum depression is a common complication of childbirth that affects the whole family. Fathers’ greater involvement in childcare can buffer children from the negative effects of mothers’ depression, and aid in mothers’ recovery, so it is important to understand under what conditions fathers become more or less involved when mothers are depressed. Prior research has supported both a compensation hypothesis, whereby fathers compensate for the effects of mothers’ depression on mothers’ parenting by being more involved in parenting, and a spillover hypothesis, whereby mothers’ negative emotionality causes fathers to pull back from family life and be less involved in …
An Examination Of The Properties, Uses And Interpretations Of First Grade Reading Screening Tools In One School District, Amadee Meyer
An Examination Of The Properties, Uses And Interpretations Of First Grade Reading Screening Tools In One School District, Amadee Meyer
Doctoral Dissertations
Early identification of children who are likely to struggle to achieve reading proficiency is essential to providing them timely access to effective interventions. Thus, universal screening is a critical feature of preventative service delivery models that identify students at risk and provide early support for reading difficulties. As schools choose assessment tools for this purpose, three aspects of universal screening tools are especially important to consider: appropriateness for the intended use, technical adequacy, and usability. Using these standards for assessment review, this study investigated two screening tools commonly used to identify first-graders at risk for reading failure: the Aimsweb Tests …
Hearing And Seeing A Speaker: How Perceptual And Cognitive Factors Modulate The Dynamics Of Audiovisual Speech Perception, Elina Kaplan
Hearing And Seeing A Speaker: How Perceptual And Cognitive Factors Modulate The Dynamics Of Audiovisual Speech Perception, Elina Kaplan
Doctoral Dissertations
In face-to-face conversations, listeners process and combine speech information obtained from hearing and seeing the speaker talk. Audiovisual speech typically leads to more robust recognition of speech, as it provides more information for recognition but also as it helps listeners adjust to speaker idiosyncrasies. The goal of the current thesis was to examine how certain perceptual and cognitive factors modulate how listeners use visual speech to facilitate momentary speech perception and to adjust to a speaker’s idiosyncrasies. Results showed that (older) listeners’ sensitivity to cross-modal synchrony is related to the size of the audiovisual interactions during early perceptual processing. Furthermore, …
Home Learning In The New Mobile Age: Parent-Child Interactions During Joint Play With Educational Apps, Shayl Griffith
Home Learning In The New Mobile Age: Parent-Child Interactions During Joint Play With Educational Apps, Shayl Griffith
Doctoral Dissertations
The rapidly increasing popularity of touch screen mobile devices, and accompanying educational applications (“apps”) targeted towards preschool children, calls for a new look at parent-child interactions around educational media. Research has shown that parental involvement in children’s educational media exposure can improve engagement and learning outcomes. However, to date little information is available on how parents navigate their children’s use of educational mobile technology, or how similar or different these interactions are to more commonly studied parent-child interactions, such as around shared reading. This study described, using observational data, parent-child interactions around educational apps and mobile devices in a sample …
Conceptualization And Measurement Of Adolescent Prosocial Behavior: A Two-Study Mixed Methods Investigation, Shereen El Mallah
Conceptualization And Measurement Of Adolescent Prosocial Behavior: A Two-Study Mixed Methods Investigation, Shereen El Mallah
Doctoral Dissertations
Prosocial behavior is a multifaceted construct that may be expressed and received in a myriad of ways, thereby posing several challenges in measurement. Undoubtedly, significant advancements in the measurement of prosocial behavior have been made since the construct first found its way onto the research stage; however, a few fundamental problems persist with regard to: 1) the absence of a universally employed definition, 2) substantial variation in operationalization and measurement of the construct, and 3) inconsistent reports regarding the nature of prosocial development during the transition between adolescence and young adulthood. These issues are further compounded under conditions of adversity …
The Influence Of Regional Stereotypes In Employee Selection, Brittani E. Plaisance
The Influence Of Regional Stereotypes In Employee Selection, Brittani E. Plaisance
Doctoral Dissertations
An individual’s social world is understood through categorizing other people as those within an individual’s own in-group and those without, or the out-group. Social cognitive theory suggests that individuals make decisions in social settings based on implicit social comparisons between these groups. Stereotypes are oversimplified beliefs about the members of a specific group and discrimination is the behavioral outcome based on held stereotypes. Discrimination based on race, ethnicity, age, and gender has dominated research in the realm of employee selection for the last twenty years. Researchers have demonstrated perceived and actual differences in various attributes by region of the United …
Heterosexist Discrimination And Lgbq Activism: Examining A Moderated Mediation Model, Trevor Lee Dunn
Heterosexist Discrimination And Lgbq Activism: Examining A Moderated Mediation Model, Trevor Lee Dunn
Doctoral Dissertations
Although the negative outcomes of heterosexist discrimination have been well researched in the psychological literature, positive coping mechanisms and outcomes, such as engagement in activism aimed at improving the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer (LGBQ) individuals, are understudied. The present study examined potential mediators (i.e., LGBQ relational connectedness, search for meaning, and heterosexism awareness), moderators (i.e., LGBQ identity centrality and perceived efficacy for collective action), and moderated mediation of the link between heterosexist discrimination and activism among 867 LGBQ adults. Results revealed that heterosexist discrimination was directly and indirectly (via search for meaning and heterosexism awareness) related to …
The Role Of Meaning-Making In Posttraumatic Growth Among Eritrean Refugees With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Yacob Tewolde Tekie
The Role Of Meaning-Making In Posttraumatic Growth Among Eritrean Refugees With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Yacob Tewolde Tekie
Doctoral Dissertations
The study examined the moderating role of meaning made, meaning making and social support on the relationship between negative life events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety and depression as well as the facilitating role of these moderating variables for posttraumatic growth(PTG). Eritrean refugees (N = 135) who were residing in Europe were recruited. The results showed that post-migration living difficulties significantly related with negative outcomes. In addition, the results showed that social support moderated the relationship between the number of traumatic life events and anxiety symptoms. However, meaning made and social support were not significant moderators on the …
Violent Media Exposure And Bullying Behaviors: The Moderating Roles Of Parental Monitoring, Emotion Regulation, And Gender, Brianna Elizabeth Pollock
Violent Media Exposure And Bullying Behaviors: The Moderating Roles Of Parental Monitoring, Emotion Regulation, And Gender, Brianna Elizabeth Pollock
Doctoral Dissertations
The influence of violent media exposure on the development of aggression has received increased attention in recent years. Research supports a relationship between exposure to violent media and aggressive behavior. Few studies have examined the relationship between exposure to violent media and a specific form of aggressive behavior, bullying. The current study aimed to expand on previous research by examining the relationship between the violent media exposure and self-, peer-, and teacher-reported bullying behavior using a longitudinal design with 457 3rd and 4th grade elementary students. Another aim of the current study was to examine the extent to which gender, …
The Effect Of Familiarity On Learning With Video Clips Containing Seductive Details, Jonah Lee Ruddy
The Effect Of Familiarity On Learning With Video Clips Containing Seductive Details, Jonah Lee Ruddy
Doctoral Dissertations
Seductive information included in educational lessons can arouse students’ emotional and situational interest. However, research on seductive details across instructional modalities shows both helpful and harmful effects on learning. The seductive details effect describes the negative influence of interesting, but irrelevant, information on achieving learning goals. Results from studies of videos with relevant and seductive details in multimedia lessons are inconclusive. Prior knowledge of target information has been shown to moderate the seductive details effect. In this study, the moderating effect of prior exposure to, or familiarity with, seductive, rather than target, information was explored using a multifactorial design. The …
Relationships Among Trauma Type, Posttraumatic Stress, And Posttraumatic Growth, Elizabeth Ann Thomas
Relationships Among Trauma Type, Posttraumatic Stress, And Posttraumatic Growth, Elizabeth Ann Thomas
Doctoral Dissertations
The goal of this study was to provide insight into two research questions: 1) Does trauma type (interpersonal versus non-interpersonal) relate to how posttraumatic stress (PTS) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) develop in relation to one another? and 2) Do differences in individuals’ reports of PTS symptoms or PTG domains exist based on trauma type? Adults seeking behavioral health or medical treatment (N = 158) were recruited from a community integrated health care agency and a men’s residential support program located in the Southeastern United States. The results of the study did not show a significant curvilinear relationship between PTS …
The Relative Effectiveness Of Group Contingencies On Academic Performance, Engagement, And Disruptive Behaviors, Caroline Marie Jaquett
The Relative Effectiveness Of Group Contingencies On Academic Performance, Engagement, And Disruptive Behaviors, Caroline Marie Jaquett
Doctoral Dissertations
Group contingencies are often used in the classroom to decrease disruptive behavior and improve both academic performance and on-task behavior. However, research is mixed regarding the most appropriate target for intervention: academic performance, on-task behavior, or disruptive behavior. The current study was designed to extend research on group contingency target behaviors by evaluating and comparing two interdependent group contingencies: an academic performance contingency and an on-task behavior contingency. Dependent variables included percent correct, percent on-task, and disruptive behavior. The participants were seven, eighth-grade students with Emotional Behavior Disorder. Data were collected in the social studies classroom. An adapted alternating treatments …
Sex, Love, And Mindfulness: Examining The Longitudinal Effects Of Mindfulness On Young Adult Dating Relationship Outcomes, Alexander Malik Khaddouma
Sex, Love, And Mindfulness: Examining The Longitudinal Effects Of Mindfulness On Young Adult Dating Relationship Outcomes, Alexander Malik Khaddouma
Doctoral Dissertations
The present study examined the role of mindfulness in the relational outcomes of dating couples in order to: 1) investigate whether previously documented associations between mindfulness and relationship satisfaction extend to behavioral indicators of relationship stability cross-sectionally and longitudinally, 2) determine whether the role of mindfulness in relational outcomes differs for male and female partners, and 3) examine how male and female partners’ levels of mindfulness contribute to their own and their partners’ relational outcomes in the context of their dyadic relationship. Fourhundred and sixty-eight participants and 168 of their current dating partners (n = 655) completed baseline measures …
Executive Functioning Abilities And Social Competence In Undergraduates, Megan Carl
Executive Functioning Abilities And Social Competence In Undergraduates, Megan Carl
Doctoral Dissertations
Despite separate literatures linking attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and executive functions to social competence, no study has examined the simultaneous relationship of these two processes in adults. Beauchamp and Anderson (2010) propose the Socio-Cognitive Integration of Abilities (SOCIAL) model a biopsychosocial model as an explanation for the development of social competence. Given the patterns of social and neurological development in ADHD, it may be consistent with the SOCIAL model. Subcomponents of Beauchamp and Anderson’s (2010) SOCIAL model were utilized to examine the extent to which attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity moderated the relationship between executive function (EF) and social competence …
Structurally Rich Movement: Measuring Movement For Empirical Psychology And Examining The Dynamic Complexity Of Affect Regulation In Behavior, Michael Timothy Finn
Structurally Rich Movement: Measuring Movement For Empirical Psychology And Examining The Dynamic Complexity Of Affect Regulation In Behavior, Michael Timothy Finn
Doctoral Dissertations
Movement not only permeates human life, but structures dimensions of experience. Phenomenological theory points to the dynamic congruency of movement and emotion, via the body schema, as shaping affectivity. For psychology, this calls for an understanding of behavior beyond being discrete events, but also manifesting kinetic melodies. Yet there is a gap in existing methodology for empirically studying the three-dimensional characteristics of human movement continuously across segments of the body. A potential line of research in this area, implicit affect regulation capacities, was described to inform the selection of instrumentation, measurement, and calculations of dynamic structure that would, theoretically, best …
An Investigation Of Gender Bias In A Career Assessment For A Stem Field, Shelby Morgan Reyes
An Investigation Of Gender Bias In A Career Assessment For A Stem Field, Shelby Morgan Reyes
Doctoral Dissertations
This study examined whether career counselors differ in their recommendations for a STEM (i.e., science, technology, engineering, mathematics) career (specifically, computer scientist) based on the gender of the client. In a randomized two group experimental design with a qualitative component, a fictitious student bio was created in order to understand the possible conceptualization differences seen between career counselors in regards to gender bias in the STEM fields. The primary research questions looked at whether participants were less likely to recommend the female student, compared to the male, to a STEM related career and to pursue graduate school. A secondary research …
Instagram Use And Self-Objectification: The Roles Of Internalization, Comparison, Appearance Commentary, And Feminism, Chandra Erin Feltman
Instagram Use And Self-Objectification: The Roles Of Internalization, Comparison, Appearance Commentary, And Feminism, Chandra Erin Feltman
Doctoral Dissertations
The current study examined potential mediators (i.e., internalization of cultural standards of beauty, engaging in upward and downward appearance comparisons, and receiving positive and negative appearance-related commentary) and moderators (i.e., feminist beliefs) of the links between the use of Instagram and self-objectification and body surveillance among 524 young adult undergraduate women from the Southeast United States. Results revealed that internalization of cultural standards of beauty and engaging in upward appearance comparisons uniquely mediated the Instagram usage and self-objectification/body surveillance links. Additionally, findings from the moderation analyses indicated that the direct effect of Instagram usage on body surveillance was contingent on …
"From One Human To Another": A Phenomenological Study Of Intergroup Dialogue, Joel Timothy Muller
"From One Human To Another": A Phenomenological Study Of Intergroup Dialogue, Joel Timothy Muller
Doctoral Dissertations
This study explored the experiences of six students in an intergroup dialogue (IGD) course focused on nationality, using a phenomenological approach by Thomas and Pollio (2002 ) derived from the philosophy of Husserl and Merleau-Ponty (1962). Intergroup dialogue is a form of pedagogy that brings together people from different social identity groups with a history of conflict between them, in order to build relationships across groups, develop critical awareness of social issues, and work towards social justice. Three participants identified as foreign-born, and three as U.S.-born. Participants were interviewed using a phenomenological approach and interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. …
Breakups And Betrayals In Emerging Adulthood: A Developmental Perspective Of Relationship Dissolution And Infidelity, Jerika C. Norona
Breakups And Betrayals In Emerging Adulthood: A Developmental Perspective Of Relationship Dissolution And Infidelity, Jerika C. Norona
Doctoral Dissertations
This dissertation includes two studies that focus on romantic experiences in emerging adulthood (ages 18-25), romantic dissolution (Study 1) and extradyadic intimacy (Study 2), and their relationship with developmental and individual factors. Each study uses two unique community samples of emerging adults who have attended college as well as those who have not attended college in the past. Importantly, both studies examine romantic dissolution and extradyadic intimacy from a developmental perspective, taking into account the salient developmental tasks of independence and interdependence faced by young people. Additionally, individual factors, including perceptions of emerging adulthood (Study 1), attachment style (Study 2), …
An Attachment-Based Group Intervention, Shannon Dillon
An Attachment-Based Group Intervention, Shannon Dillon
Doctoral Dissertations
This mixed method study aimed to understand and describe the effectiveness of an intervention and the experiences of mothers raising their children in a transitional living home. This was achieved through interviewing four mothers in Gilead House. Initially, participants completed the Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21), the Trauma History Screening (THS), the Adolescent Adult Parenting Inventory-2 (AAPI-2) and a demographics form. The first interview was also completed. Interview questions were based on the Working Model of the Child Interview (WCMI). Following this time 1 meeting an attachment-based group intervention was utilized for eight weeks. This intervention was based on …
Entropy As A Method For Identifying Treatment Resistant Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nathan Wright
Entropy As A Method For Identifying Treatment Resistant Autism Spectrum Disorder, Nathan Wright
Doctoral Dissertations
Background: Individuals diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience lifelong challenges which can impact peer relationships, adaptive functioning, and independent living. Verbal intelligence has proven to be the strongest indicator of outcomes and responsiveness to behavioral intervention, but this property only stabilizes in children between 6 and 8 years of age. Behavioral treatment is the primary intervention for individuals diagnosed with ASD, but it is most effective when delivered as an early intervention strategy for toddlers and very young children. A biomarker which could distinguish treatment resistant subgroups of ASD from would allow for the development and implementation of alternative …
Regulating Relationship Needs Via Joint Consumption: An Attachment Perspective, Jana M. Rosewarne
Regulating Relationship Needs Via Joint Consumption: An Attachment Perspective, Jana M. Rosewarne
Doctoral Dissertations
Attachment style functions to regulate affect in relationships. I hypothesized that consumer decisions serve a similar purpose, producing distinct patterns of product preferences depending on people’s attachment goals. In a series of studies, I found that attachment avoidance predicted reduced preference for products framed as meeting closeness relationship goals and greater preference for products framed as meeting autonomy goals. The link between attachment anxiety and product preference depended on consumers’ emotions (S2) and relationship commitment (S3). Attachment style also predicted differences in the extent to which consumers thought about their partners when choosing products and their perceptions of how consumption …
The First Person Perspective: Language, Thought, And Action, Pengbo Liu
The First Person Perspective: Language, Thought, And Action, Pengbo Liu
Doctoral Dissertations
What it is to have a first person perspective? How do we come to understand our own perspective in the world? How do we take into account other people's perspectives in our social and linguistic interactions? This dissertation is an exploration of these issues. But instead of approaching them in the abstract, it aims to shed light on these difficult questions through a series of case studies. First, I examine the role of the first person perspective in our agency, and explain the sense in which it is essential for action. Next, drawing on recent work in psychology, I propose …
Two Of The Same? Infants' Conceptual Representation Of Faces Based Upon Gender, Race, And Kind Information, Charisse Pickron
Two Of The Same? Infants' Conceptual Representation Of Faces Based Upon Gender, Race, And Kind Information, Charisse Pickron
Doctoral Dissertations
Infants’ perceptual abilities allow them to distinguish faces of different races and genders from an early age (for a review, see Pascalis et al., 2011). However, it is still unknown when infants begin using these perceptual differences to represent faces in a conceptual, kind-based manner. The current dissertation examined this issue by testing whether 12- and 24-month-old infants represent faces of different races and genders as distinct ‘kinds’ or instead as variations of a single broader category (e.g., ‘human face’). The current dissertation included two experiments each with a different type of violation-of-expectation individuation paradigm. Experiment 1 used a passive …
High School Students' Perceptions Of School Climate In Relation To Discipline History And Discipline Approach, Kayla R. Gordon
High School Students' Perceptions Of School Climate In Relation To Discipline History And Discipline Approach, Kayla R. Gordon
Doctoral Dissertations
High school is a unique period of time within students' educational careers where there are an increasing number of variables that can facilitate or impede their academic, social-emotional, and behavioral success. Previous research has demonstrated strong effects of school climate, or the quality of school life and experiences within the school building, on factors including students' academic performance, motivation to learn, and attendance. In addition, school climate has been negatively correlated with drop out rates as well as other short and long term negative outcomes for students. The purpose of this study was to examine student perceptions of school climate …
The Neural Correlates Of Stereotype Threat And The Stereotype Inoculation Model In Young Women, Chaia Flegenheimer
The Neural Correlates Of Stereotype Threat And The Stereotype Inoculation Model In Young Women, Chaia Flegenheimer
Doctoral Dissertations
A promising intervention technique for stereotype threat effects is the stereotype inoculation model (SIM), which utilizes in-group role models to counteract stereotype-induced pressures. However, it remains unclear how the SIM may impact neural mechanisms during stereotype threat, including negative feedback bias (increased attention to undesirable feedback). The following three studies aim to examine the behavioral (Study 1) and neural (Study 2) markers of ST in women and how these markers are influenced by the SIM (Study 3). In each study, participants completed a non-traditional math task (the approximate number task). In the first two studies, one group was told the …
Exploring The Effectiveness Of A Mindfulness-Based Social Emotional Learning Program On Kindergarteners’ Risk For Social, Academic, And Emotional Problems, Molly Alvin
Doctoral Dissertations
This intervention study explored the effectiveness of a mindfulness-based social emotional learning program, Calmer Choice, on kindergarten students’ risk for social, academic, and emotional problems. The study used a quasi-experimental design with two measures collected as pretests and posttests for students in an intervention group and students in a wait-list control group. Kindergarten teachers completed the Social Academic Emotional Behavior Rating Scale (SAEBRS; Kilgus & von der Embse, 2014) and the Devereux Student Strengths Assessment-mini (DESSA-mini; Naglieri, LeBuffe & Shapiro, 2014) for each student at these two time points. The intervention, Calmer Choice, consisted of 16 lessons taught twice a …
A Model Of The Relationship Between Performance Feedback And Goal Setting: A Consideration Of, Affective Cognitive, And Psychological State Effects, Ann-Marie R. Castille
A Model Of The Relationship Between Performance Feedback And Goal Setting: A Consideration Of, Affective Cognitive, And Psychological State Effects, Ann-Marie R. Castille
Doctoral Dissertations
Performance feedback meetings are often dreaded, perceived to be worthless, and de-motivating for employees (Culbertson, Henning, & Payne, 2013; Rock, 2008). Although they are intended to enhance motivation and performance (Erez, 1977; Kim & Hamner, 1976), over a third of feedback interventions backfire, resulting in lower rather than higher performance (Kluger & DeNisi, 1996). Motivational theories (i.e., behavioral motivation theory, organizational justice theory, reversal theory, goal setting theory, and theory of planned behavior) provide complementary explanations for the impact of feedback on performance. However, these explanations have not been subjected to comprehensive empirical scrutiny. The purpose of this dissertation was …