Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

It’S All In How You Use It: Managers’ Use Of Meetings To Reduce Employee Intentions To Quit, Joseph E. Mroz, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Meetings are often viewed as unnecessary, wastes of time, and overall negative experiences at work. In this study, we examined the positive side of meetings, specifically, how the relationship a manager fosters with subordinates in meetings affects those employees’ intentions to quit (ITQ). Using an online survey of working adults who regularly attended meetings, we found that the relation between perceived organizational support (POS) and leader–member exchange (LMX) quality in meetings on ITQ depended on an employee’s level of negative affectivity (NA). When POS or LMX in meetings was low or average, high-NA employees held significantly higher ITQ than low-NA …

Does Generating Multiple Ideas Lead To Increased Creativity? A Comparison Of Generating One Idea Vs. Many, Roni Reiter-Palmon, Nicholas J. Arreola

Psychology Faculty Publications

Recent findings in creativity research suggest that how creativity is operationalized may have a profound influence on theories of creative production. In this study, two paradigms—divergent thinking and creative problem solving—were compared on several indices of creativity while keeping the problem constant. Participants were students from a Midwestern University and received extra credit for participation. Ideas were rated for quality, originality, and elaboration, and compared across the 2 approaches. The results of this study indicated that participants that generated a single solution to a problem generated solutions of higher average and participant selected best quality, originality, and elaboration. Participants that …

The Effect Of Motivation And Positive Affect On Ego Depletion: Replenishment Versus Release Mechanism, Ze Zhu, Jian Li, Bo Zhang, Ye Li, Houcan Zhang

Psychology Faculty Publications

In this study, 2 experiments were conducted to investigate whether motivation and positive affect can alleviate ego depletion and to elucidate their possible mechanisms. In Experiment 1, a crossing-out-letter task was adapted to reach an ego depletion state for Chinese participants. Participants were then randomly assigned to the extrinsic motivation group, the positive affect group or the depletion control group. After the experimental treatment, a dumbbell task was used to measure participants' remaining self-regulatory resources. The results showed that participants in the motivation and positive affect groups performed better on the dumbbell task than participants in the depletion control group. …

Marmosets Treated With Oxytocin Are More Socially Attractive To Their Long-Term Mate, Jon Cavanaugh, Michelle C. Huffman, April M. Harnisch, Jeffrey French

Psychology Faculty Publications

Adult male-female bonds are partly characterized by initiating and maintaining close proximity with a social partner, as well as engaging in high levels of affiliative and sociosexual behavior. Oxytocin (OXT), a neuromodulatory nonapeptide, plays a critical role in the facilitation of social bonding and prosocial behavior toward a social partner (Feldman, 2012). However, less attention has been given to whether augmentation of OXT levels in an individual alters others’ perceptions and behavior toward an OXT-treated social partner. We examined social dynamics in well-established male-female pairs of marmoset monkeys (Callithrix jacchus) in which one member of the pair was …

Revising Siop’S Guidelines For Education And Training Graduate Program Director Survey Results, Stephanie C. Payne, Whitney Botsford Morgan, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

SIOP commissioned the Education and Training Committee to revise the Guidelines for Education and Training at the Master’s and Doctoral Levels in Industrial-Organizational Psychology. As a part of that effort, the committee sent a survey to all the directors of graduate programs in industrial and organizational psychology and related fields per SIOP records.

To identify who to send the survey to, the following three lists of e-mail addresses were compiled and cross-referenced resulting in 317 potential respondents: (a) points of contact within SIOP’s Graduate Training Program database, (b) respondents to the 2011 SIOP program benchmarking survey (Tett, et al., 2012), …

No Place For Incivility, Emma Macmillan, Mahima Saxena

Psychology Faculty Publications

When the National Science Foundation released a report suggesting that mistreatment or incivility in the workplace may be a reason why women leave STEM fields, Mahima Saxena felt compelled to dig deeper. Saxena, assistant professor of psychology in the Industrial-Organizational Psychology program at Illinois Tech, wanted to better understand the experience of being a target of workplace incivility for women in science, technology, engineering, and math fields.

Developmental Time Course Of Peripheral Cross‐Modal Sensory Interaction Of The Trigeminal And Gustatory Systems, Jacquelyn M. Omelian, Marissa J. Berry, Adam M. Gomez, Kristi L. Apa, Suzanne I. Sollars

Psychology Faculty Publications

Few sensory modalities appear to engage in cross‐modal interactions within the peripheral nervous system, making the integrated relationship between the peripheral gustatory and trigeminal systems an ideal model for investigating cross‐sensory support. The present study examined taste system anatomy following unilateral transection of the trigeminal lingual nerve (LX) while leaving the gustatory chorda tympani intact. At 10, 25, or 65 days of age, rats underwent LX with outcomes assessed following various survival times. Fungiform papillae were classified by morphological feature using surface analysis. Taste bud volumes were calculated from histological sections of the anterior tongue. Differences in papillae morphology were …

Voting At Home Is Associated With Lower Cortisol Than Voting At The Polls, Jayme Neiman, Karl Giuseffi, Kevin Smith, Jeffrey French, Israel Waismel-Manor, John Hibbing

Psychology Faculty Publications

Previous research finds that voting is a socially stressful activity associated with increases in cortisol levels. Here we extend this research by investigating whether different voting modalities have differential effects on the stress response to voting. Results from a field experiment conducted during the 2012 presidential elections strongly suggest that traditional “at the polls” voting is more stressful, as measured by increases in cortisol levels, than voting at home by mail-in ballot or engaging in comparable non-political social activities. These findings imply that increased low-stress voting options such as mail-in ballots may increase political participation among individuals who are sensitive …

News From The Siop-United Nations Team: Exploring Work Experiences Of Informal Workers And Promoting Decent Work For All, Mahima Saxena, English Sall, John C. Scott, Deborah E. Rupp, Lise Saari, Lori Foster Thompson, Mathian Osicki, Drew Mallory

Psychology Faculty Publications

For the first time, the Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology (SIOP) has funded a humanitarian work psychology research project under the SIOP Foundation’s Grants and Awards program this year. The project is led by Mahima Saxena from the Illinois Institute of Technology and John Scott from APTMetrics, and is titled, “I-O Psychology and ILO: Exploring Work Experiences of Informal Workers and Promoting Decent Work for All.”

Under New System, Bridges Build You, Steven Toaddy, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

Let’s take a page from the lessons that public-speaking classes convey, viz. “tell them what you’re going to tell them, tell them, and then tell them what you’ve told them.” Thus:

• In response to calls from SIOP’s past leadership, the Bridge Builders group—one designed to spread awareness and understanding of I-O psychology to many different audiences—was developed and counts among its members many of us from SIOP. President Steve Kozlowski’s vision for the organization in the coming years dovetails well with the objectives of Bridge Builders.
• Bridge Builders have been doing some really cool things recently; these were …

Comparison Of Cortisol Samples In The First Two Weeks Of Life In Preterm Infants, Tiffany A. Moore, Kendra K. Schmid, Jeffrey French

Psychology Faculty Publications

Background: Growing literature on negative childhood stress emphasizes the need to understand cortisol values from varying biomarker samples.

Objective: This work aimed to examine cortisol samples for usability, associations, and individual stability in neonates.

Subjects: The sample consisted of preterm infants (n=31).

Materials and methods: Analyses on cortisol collected from cord blood and from saliva and urine samples on days 1, 7, and 14 included Spearman correlations and paired t-tests.

Results: Usability rates were 80.6% (cord blood), 85.9% (saliva), and 93.5% (urine). Salivary and urinary cortisol levels had significant correlation on day 1 only (p=0.004). Significant differences in individual stability …

Participate Or Else!: The Effect Of Participation In Decision-Making In Meetings On Employee Engagement, Michael Yoerger, John Crowe, Joseph A. Allen

Psychology Faculty Publications

In the scope of organizational life, few events are as universal or as influential as workplace meetings. In this study, we focused our attention on better understanding the relationship between meetings processes and post-meeting outcomes. More specifically, we investigated the relationship between participation in decision-making in meetings (PDM) and employee engagement, after controlling for the impact of meeting size and other demographic variables. We examined this from a theoretical perspective, providing particular consideration to the underlying basis of social exchange theory and norms of reciprocity at work in this relationship. Using a sample of working adults in the United States …

Fast And Furious: The Influence Of Implicit Aggression, Premeditation, And Provoking Situations On Malevolent Creativity, Daniel J. Harris, Roni Reiter-Palmon

Psychology Faculty Publications

Being intentionally harmful in original ways has been termed 'malevolent creativity.' The empirical study of malevolent creativity is still in its infancy, so developing a strong foundation of its antecedents is paramount. Three factors were identified as potentially influencing the generation of malevolently creative ideas: implicit aggression, which is aggression that is beyond one’s conscious awareness; premeditation, a facet of impulsivity that pertains to the degree of planning and forethought an individual engages in before acting; and situations that condone or otherwise provoke the use of malevolent creativity. Consistent with our hypotheses, and in accordance with the theory of trait …

Organizational Identification: A Context-Specific Mitigating Resource Of Work–Family Conflict, Joseph A. Allen, John Crowe, Benjamin A. Baran, Cliff Scott

Psychology Faculty Publications

The tension between work and non-work life remains a critical issue in contemporary careers. This study explores the role of organizational identification (OI) in reducing work–family conflict (WFC) within demanding and high-stakes jobs in dynamic, uncertain and potentially dangerous contexts (e.g., firefighting). Survey data from 341 firefighters suggest that, congruent with conservation of resources theory and scarcity theory, OI may serve as a resource that mitigates WFC in these contexts. Additionally, the data suggest that the negative relationship between OI and WFC is stronger when trauma is low. For practice, this study provides important implications for employees in similar contexts …

Would You Please Stop That!?: The Relationship Between Counterproductive Meeting Behaviors, Employee Voice, And Trust, Joseph A. Allen, Michael A. Yoerger, Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock, Johanna Jones

Psychology Faculty Publications

Purpose- Meetings are ubiquitous in organizational life and are a great source of frustration and annoyance to many employees in the workplace, in part due to counterproductive meeting behaviors (CMBs). CMBs include engaging in irrelevant discussion, complaining about other attendees, arriving to the meeting late, and other similar, disruptive behaviors. Consistent with conservation of resources theory, the purpose of this paper is to examine the potential resource draining effect of CMBs on two key workplace attitudes/behaviors, employee voice and coworker trust.

Design/Methodology/Approach- We used Amazon’s MTurk service to recruit a sample of full-time working adults from a variety of industries …