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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 9 of 9
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Group Differences In Compassion Fade And Prosocial Behavior, Greg Larsen
Group Differences In Compassion Fade And Prosocial Behavior, Greg Larsen
Masters Theses
When people learn about a large-scale crisis, they often feel more compassion for its victims when they can fixate on a single, identifiable victim, compared to many victims - a phenomenon known as ‘compassion fade.’ However, throughout the growing compassion fade literature, researchers have mostly given a face to large groups using a single child - a face which may be particularly stirring because children are seen as both likable and incapable of fending for themselves. I conducted two experiments to determine whether the magnitude of this phenomenon varied as a function of characteristics of the victims - namely, how …
Search Guidance Can Be Adjusted By Experience With Search Discriminability, Junha Chang
Search Guidance Can Be Adjusted By Experience With Search Discriminability, Junha Chang
Masters Theses
Several recent studies show that previous experience can influence observers’ search strategy in a way that improves search performance. The purpose of the present study is to investigate how the experience of difficult color discriminability affects search strategies. Two participant groups either experienced difficult color discriminability in a half of the trials (i.e., hard-discrimination group) or experienced easy search in all trials (i.e., easy-discrimination group) in a dual-target search task. Participants were required to respond to the presence of a target (colored T) among distractors (colored pseudo-L). Eye movements were recorded to understand which feature information is used to guide …
Validity Of Adhd Symptoms In Toddlers, Hallie Brown
Validity Of Adhd Symptoms In Toddlers, Hallie Brown
Masters Theses
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common child neurodevelopmental disorders. The disorder is typically diagnosed in elementary school, but there is growing evidence for the validity of ADHD in preschoolers, and symptoms likely emerge even earlier than preschool years. Research suggests that ADHD symptoms can be evident in toddlers beyond developmentally appropriate behavior, and symptoms in toddlers are predictive of later impairment. However, few studies have examined the validity of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) ADHD symptoms in this younger population. The present study examined the 18 DSM ADHD symptoms in a community sample …
Perceptions Of General And Situational Influence In Predicting Negative Conflict Behavior: The Moderating Role Of Attachment Style, Amy Newberg
Masters Theses
Because of the numerous ways to operationalize power, much of the literature about power in relationships has not been cohesive. However, to understand when and how perceptions of power are associated with behaviors in relationships, multiple conceptualizations of power must be considered along with personal characteristics. The present study tested how perceptions of general power and situational power interact to predict negative behaviors during relationship conflict for people of various attachment orientations. Additionally, we tested if effects remained stable or changed over the early years of marriage. We found that low general and low situational influence did interact to predict …
A Representational-Hierarchical Account: A New Theory Of False Memories, D. Merika Wilson
A Representational-Hierarchical Account: A New Theory Of False Memories, D. Merika Wilson
Masters Theses
Past research has supported a representational-hierarchical theory of memory and perception that extends the ventral visual stream into the medial temporal lobe. In this account, representations are organized in a hierarchical manner, such that structures located further anterior in the brain contain complex representations of whole objects and areas further posterior in the visual cortex contain representations of simple features. When conjunctive representations are compromised, an individual must rely on simple-feature representations to complete mnemonic and perceptual tasks. However, these simple-feature representations are susceptible to feature-level interference, which can cause false recognition of novel objects. The goal of the present …
Mobilizing The Advantaged To Protest Injustice With The Disadvantaged, Hemapreya Selvanathan
Mobilizing The Advantaged To Protest Injustice With The Disadvantaged, Hemapreya Selvanathan
Masters Theses
The participation of advantaged group members in collective action with the disadvantaged group to challenge inequality is crucial to building a social movement. Although prior work has found that an invitation to participate in collective action is a strong predictor of participation, the extent to which advantaged group members are influenced by such invitations is not known. The present research investigates the effect of the race of an inviter (White vs. Black) on Whites’ willingness to participate in collective action for racial justice as a function of their underlying prejudicial attitudes. Study 1 found that greater internal motivation to respond …
Duty- Vs. Rights-Focused Mindsets And Their Relationships With Prosociality, Seyed Nima Orazani
Duty- Vs. Rights-Focused Mindsets And Their Relationships With Prosociality, Seyed Nima Orazani
Masters Theses
Five studies investigated the links between rights-focused (RFM) and duty-focused mindsets (DFM) and prosociality. Making salient both RFM and DFM in a within-participants designs, Studies 1-2 examined the relationships of RFM and DFM with a number of outcomes related to prosocial attitudes. Results indicated that RFM and DFM both uniquely increased prosociality. Experimentally inducing either RFM or DFM in a between-participants design, Study 3 found that RFM had stronger effects on prosocial outcomes than DFM. Further, Study 3 showed that this relative advantage of RFM over DFM in boosting prosociality was due to RFM (relative to DFM) increasing people’s perceived …
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Attraction Errors And Agreement With Coordination, Lap-Ching Keung
Distinct Mechanisms Underlie Attraction Errors And Agreement With Coordination, Lap-Ching Keung
Masters Theses
Previous research has suggested that attraction errors are not due to the proximity of the local noun and verb, as a more distant local noun can result in more errors than a nearer one (e.g., *The helicopter for the flights over the canyon are vs. *The helicopter for the flight over the canyons are; Franck, Vigliocco, & Nicol, 2002). However, the verb tends to agree in number with the nearer noun of a disjoined subject, suggesting that linear order can indeed play a role in agreement computation (e.g., The horse or the clocks are vs. The horses …
Evaluation Of The Recreational Catch-And-Release Fishery For Golden Dorado Salminus Brasiliensis In Salta, Argentina: Implications For Conservation And Management, Tyler Gagne
Masters Theses
Golden dorado (Salminus brasiliensis, Cuvier, 1816) is increasing in popularity as a target for recreational anglers practicing catch-and-release (C&R) in northern Argentina and bordering countries. However, to date no research has looked at the potential social and ecological implications of growth in this recreational fishery. The first manuscript of this thesis assessed the consequences of C&R on golden dorado captured by anglers on the Juramento River in Salta, Argentina. This evaluation examined physical injury, physiological stress, reflex impairment, and short term post-release behavior to develop a clear set of evidence-based best practices for C&R. In addition, the Juramento …