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- Anxiety (4)
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Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Attentional Biases In Processing Emotional Facial Expressions: Effects Of State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety And Awareness, Mark Edwards
Attentional Biases In Processing Emotional Facial Expressions: Effects Of State Anxiety, Trait Anxiety And Awareness, Mark Edwards
Mark Edwards
The effect of state anxiety and trait anxiety on selective attention for threatening, neutral and happy schematic faces was investigated. A student sample was assigned to high trait anxious (HTA) or low trait anxious (LTA) groups using questionnaire scores and state anxiety was manipulated through the threat of electric shock. Stimulus materials were presented both outside (using a backward masking procedure) and within awareness. A novel version of a probe classification task was developed to assess performance when distracting information and the central task were spatially separated. For the masked trials, the LTA group were slower to identify the status …
Trait Impulsivity Predicts D-Kefs Tower Test Performance In University Students, Michael Lyvers, Vanessa Basch, Helen Duff, Mark Edwards
Trait Impulsivity Predicts D-Kefs Tower Test Performance In University Students, Michael Lyvers, Vanessa Basch, Helen Duff, Mark Edwards
Mark Edwards
The present study examined a widely used self-report index of trait impulsiveness in relation to performance on a well-known neuropsychological executive function test in 70 university undergraduate students (50 women, 20 men) aged 18 to 24 years old. Participants completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) and the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), after which they performed the Tower Test of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System. Hierarchical linear regression showed that after controlling for gender, current alcohol consumption, age at onset of weekly alcohol use, and FrSBe scores, BIS-11 significantly predicted Tower Test Achievement scores, b¼_.44, p
Mood, Mood Regulation, And Frontal Systems Functioning In Current Smokers, Long-Term Abstinent Ex-Smokers, And Never-Smokers, Michael Lyvers, Cassandra Carlopio, Vicole Bothma, Mark Edwards
Mood, Mood Regulation, And Frontal Systems Functioning In Current Smokers, Long-Term Abstinent Ex-Smokers, And Never-Smokers, Michael Lyvers, Cassandra Carlopio, Vicole Bothma, Mark Edwards
Mark Edwards
Indices of mood, mood regulation, and executive functioning were examined in 61 current smokers who have smoked daily for at least one year, 36 ex-smokers who had not smoked a cigarette for at least one year, and 86 never-smokers. All participants completed the following measures online: Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), the Negative Mood Regulation (NMR) scale, the Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBe), the Fagerström Test for Cigarette Dependence (FTCD), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by Tukey post-hoc tests revealed significant differences (p
Cognitive Trait Anxiety, Situational Stress, And Mental Effort Predict Shifting Efficiency: Implications For Attentional Control Theory, Elizabeth Edwards, Mark Edwards, Michael Lyvers
Cognitive Trait Anxiety, Situational Stress, And Mental Effort Predict Shifting Efficiency: Implications For Attentional Control Theory, Elizabeth Edwards, Mark Edwards, Michael Lyvers
Mark Edwards
Attentional control theory (ACT) predicts that trait anxiety and situational stress interact to impair performance on tasks that involve attentional shifting. The theory suggests that anxious individuals recruit additional effort to prevent shortfalls in performance effectiveness (accuracy), with deficits becoming evident in processing efficiency (the relationship between accuracy and time taken to perform the task). These assumptions, however, have not been systematically tested. The relationship between cognitive trait anxiety, situational stress, and mental effort in a shifting task (Wisconsin Card Sorting Task) was investigated in 90 participants. Cognitive trait anxiety was operationalized using questionnaire scores, situational stress was manipulated through …
Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Negatively Associated With Gambling Money Won On The Iowa Gambling Task In Naturalistic Settings After Controlling For Trait Impulsivity And Alcohol Tolerance, Michael Lyvers, Nicole Mathieson, Mark Edwards
Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Negatively Associated With Gambling Money Won On The Iowa Gambling Task In Naturalistic Settings After Controlling For Trait Impulsivity And Alcohol Tolerance, Michael Lyvers, Nicole Mathieson, Mark Edwards
Mark Edwards
Introduction: Acute alcohol intoxication has been found to increase perseverative errors on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, a well known neuropsychological index of prefrontal cortical functioning, in both laboratory and naturalistic settings. Method: The present study examined the relationship between levels of alcohol consumption at campus drinking venues and performance of the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), another neuropsychological test designed to assess prefrontal cortex dysfunction, after controlling for potential confounding variables including habitual alcohol intake (as a proxy for alcohol tolerance), trait impulsivity, and everyday executive functioning. Results: The 49 participants of both genders aged 18 to 30 years were …
Childhood Sexual Abuse And Substance Abuse In Relation To Depression And Coping, Sonja Lee, Michael Lyvers, Mark Edwards
Childhood Sexual Abuse And Substance Abuse In Relation To Depression And Coping, Sonja Lee, Michael Lyvers, Mark Edwards
Mark Edwards
Relationships between Childhood Sexual Abuse (CSA), substance abuse, substance abuse relapse, depression and coping styles were examined in an Australian sample. Participants were 79 adults actively seeking treatment for substance abuse or CSA. CSA and substance use history were assessed using a purpose built questionnaire. Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory Second Edition (BDI-II), and coping styles were evaluated using the Coping Scale for Adults. Among substance abusers, self-reported CSA history was associated with (1) severe depression; (2) less optimistic coping; (3) longer duration of substance abuse; and (4) the use of drugs to alleviate negative moods. A …
Selective Attention For Masked And Unmasked Threatening Words In Anxiety: Effects Of Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety And Awareness, Mark Edwards, Jennifer S. Burt, Ottmar V. Lipp
Selective Attention For Masked And Unmasked Threatening Words In Anxiety: Effects Of Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety And Awareness, Mark Edwards, Jennifer S. Burt, Ottmar V. Lipp
Mark Edwards
We investigated the effects of awareness on selective attention for masked and unmasked verbal threat material using a computerised version of the emotional Stroop. Participants were assigned to the high trait anxious (HTA) and low trait anxious (LTA) groups on the basis of questionnaire scores, and state anxiety was manipulated within participants through the threat of electric shock. To investigate the effects of awareness on responses to threat, the mode of exposure was blocked such that half the participants received masked trials before the unmasked trials, whereas the other half received the reverse order. The results revealed that there was …
An Increase In Stimulus Arousal Has Differential Effects On The Processing Speed Of Pleasant And Unpleasant Stimuli, Helena Purkis, Ottmar Lipp, Mark Edwards, Rebecca Barnes
An Increase In Stimulus Arousal Has Differential Effects On The Processing Speed Of Pleasant And Unpleasant Stimuli, Helena Purkis, Ottmar Lipp, Mark Edwards, Rebecca Barnes
Mark Edwards
The arousal value of a stimulus influences its salience, whereby higher arousal should lead to faster processing. However, in previous research, participants consistently made faster valence judgments for low arousal, pleasant stimuli than for high arousal, pleasant stimuli. The speed of valence and arousal judgments for pictures and words were investigated in three experiments. Valence judgments were faster for low arousal than for high arousal pleasant pictures and for high arousal than for low arousal unpleasant pictures and words. Moreover, arousal judgments were faster for low arousal than high arousal pleasant and for high arousal than low arousal unpleasant pictures …
Selective Attention For Masked And Unmasked Emotionally Toned Stimuli: Effects Of Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety, And Test Order, Mark Edwards, Jennifer Burt, Ottmar Lipp
Selective Attention For Masked And Unmasked Emotionally Toned Stimuli: Effects Of Trait Anxiety, State Anxiety, And Test Order, Mark Edwards, Jennifer Burt, Ottmar Lipp
Mark Edwards
We investigated selective attention for masked and unmasked, threat, and positively valenced words, in high trait anxious (HTA) and low trait anxious (LTA) individuals using the emotional Stroop colour-naming task. State anxiety was varied within participants through the threat of electric shock. To investigate whether the sequencing of the state anxiety manipulation affected colour-naming latencies, the ordering of the shock threat and shock safe conditions was counterbalanced across participants. The results indicated that the ordering of the state anxiety manipulation moderated masked and unmasked threat bias effects. Specifically, relative to LTA individuals, HTA individuals showed a threat interference effect, but …
Effects Of Contextual Cues In Recall And Recognition Memory: The Misinformation Effect Reconsidered, Justine Campbell, Mark Edwards, Mark Horswill, Shaun Helman
Effects Of Contextual Cues In Recall And Recognition Memory: The Misinformation Effect Reconsidered, Justine Campbell, Mark Edwards, Mark Horswill, Shaun Helman
Mark Edwards
Research in semantic word list-learning paradigms suggests that presentation modality during encoding may influence word recognition at test. Given these findings, it is argued that some previous misinformation effect research might contain methodologies which are problematic. Misleading information groups typically receive erroneous information in written narratives, which may be further impeded by written tests. Results may therefore be explained by misinformation or encoding specificity. In two experiments, participants received restated, neutral, and misleading post-event information through auditory or written modalities. Participants' recognition and recall of critical details about the source event were tested. In a recognition test using the standard …