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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 508
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Wage Of Wellness: The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status, Race, And Work Recovery, Emily Julia Ready
The Wage Of Wellness: The Relationship Between Socioeconomic Status, Race, And Work Recovery, Emily Julia Ready
Dissertations and Theses
A substantial share of the workforce is made up of low-income workers. Many of these workers fall below the federal poverty line and are considered low socioeconomic status (SES) and are disproportionately more likely to be racial minorities. However, this population is often neglected in the industrial-organizational psychological literature. Specifically, work recovery research has not considered the unique life circumstances of this particular group in the development of the research questions, theoretical framework, or practical implications in relation to this phenomenon. The purpose of the current study is to understand the relationship between socioeconomic status, race, and work recovery experiences …
The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Juvenile Offender Typology, Aliza Beth Lipman
The Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences And Juvenile Offender Typology, Aliza Beth Lipman
Dissertations and Theses
Approximately 1 in 5 girls and in 20 boys in the United States are victims of child sexual assault every year. Child sexual assault can lead to multiple negative short term and long-term impacts affecting general health, mental health, interpersonal relationships, socio-economic status, criminal behavior and more. Prevention research focuses on a thorough understanding of the perpetrators of assault and the context surrounding offenses in order to reduce and prevent assault. Within this research, juvenile offenders are perceived as a single homogenous group whereas adult offenders are consistently specified based on offender and offense characteristics. The exploration of the relationship …
Faculty Mentors' Influence On Latino/A/X Stem Undergraduates' Stem Identity Development, Sandy Cerda-Lezama
Faculty Mentors' Influence On Latino/A/X Stem Undergraduates' Stem Identity Development, Sandy Cerda-Lezama
Dissertations and Theses
Despite Latino/a/x college student attendance rising substantially over the past decades, their graduation rates do not match the increased admission rates. In addition, Latino/a/x students are considerably under-represented in STEM. However, research suggests that when these students are encouraged by social partners to have meaningful participation and given resources such as mentoring, this eases the barriers they experience. The current study utilized interviews with 11 Latino/a/x STEM undergraduates (aged 18-29) to understand how faculty mentors influence their STEM identity development. Students shared answers about how faculty promoted and inhibited their STEM identity development through conversations about their sense of competence, …
It Takes A Village: An Examination Of Social Relationships And Mental Health, Em Francis Trubits
It Takes A Village: An Examination Of Social Relationships And Mental Health, Em Francis Trubits
Dissertations and Theses
Social relationships are impactful to mental health and well-being, both positively and negatively. Different sources of support vary in their ability to meet our needs and ultimately influence our well-being. While research has examined aspects of supportive and harmful social relationships and mental health, much of this work is cross-sectional or limited to a single source of support. This dissertation aimed to better elucidate the relationship between social relationships and mental health by integrating multiple theoretical perspectives and multiple sources of support, in a series of three empirical studies to order to inform theory and interventions targeting mental health of …
Individual And Structural Contributors To Implicit And Explicit Anti-Muslim Bias In The United States, Aeleah M. Granger
Individual And Structural Contributors To Implicit And Explicit Anti-Muslim Bias In The United States, Aeleah M. Granger
Dissertations and Theses
This dissertation consists of two manuscripts addressing the multifaceted nature of Islamophobia in the United States by examining explicit and implicit anti-Muslim bias on individual and structural levels. The first manuscript (Granger et al., 2023, see chapter II) tests an ideology-threat-attitude-behavior model by estimating the simultaneous mediating effects of threat perceptions on the relationships between individual differences in ideology, Islamophobia (fear of Muslims), and support for an anti-Muslim police surveillance policy. This study (N = 603) finds that individuals who are higher in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO), Right-wing Authoritarianism (RWA), and Nationalism are more likely to perceive Muslims as …
Emotion Knowledge, Its Applications, And Their Associations With African American Children's Social Relationships With Teachers And Peers In Kindergarten And First Grade, Brielle Emily Petit
Emotion Knowledge, Its Applications, And Their Associations With African American Children's Social Relationships With Teachers And Peers In Kindergarten And First Grade, Brielle Emily Petit
Dissertations and Theses
Close and high-quality relationships with teachers and peers are a significant, positive predictor of young children's academic and social-emotional skills, whereas early conflictual relationships can pose various short- and long-term socio-emotional and academic risks. Evidence also suggests that emotion knowledge, or the ways children identify, recognize, and apply emotional labels, are a crucial factor in children's early development including overcoming social-emotional challenges and fostering high-quality interpersonal relationships. Studies examining social relationships and emotion knowledge in early childhood, however, often reveal worrisome differences in between-group comparison designs. Particularly, minoritized children, and most often Black and African American, are associated with poorer …
Stress-Reduction From Positive Support: Impacts Of Receiving Partner Capitalization Support On Veteran Stress/Work Stress, Maryann Dona Samson
Stress-Reduction From Positive Support: Impacts Of Receiving Partner Capitalization Support On Veteran Stress/Work Stress, Maryann Dona Samson
Dissertations and Theses
Prolonged stress, a pervasive experience in the United States, has been linked to numerous adverse outcomes (Mayo Clinic, 2019). The workplace commonly operates as a source of chronic stressors (Colligan & Higgins, 2006), in fact 25% of Americans find their job is the most stressful part of life (NIOSH, 2021). This tendency is particularly true for military veterans, who reliably experience elevated stress and burnout (Smith et al., 2017) and low job satisfaction (Teclaw et al., 2016). Inspired by the pervasiveness and seriousness of the chronic stress issue, the current study addresses chronic stress in a veteran sample by examining …
Left On "Read" And All Alone: Instigated Cyber Incivility, Shame, And Experienced Ostracism At Work, Alison Lucia Hunt
Left On "Read" And All Alone: Instigated Cyber Incivility, Shame, And Experienced Ostracism At Work, Alison Lucia Hunt
Dissertations and Theses
The mistreatment literature focused on workplace incivility has grown significantly over the past two decades, as it has been recognized as an omnipresent issue in the workplace. Workplace incivility presents itself as low-intensity rudeness in which at least one individual takes counter normative negative actions against another individual, and may take place in both office and remote work settings as well as through a cyber modality. These actions often occur in a spiral where the target of incivility becomes likely to perpetuate incivility later down the line. However, much of the incivility literature lacks a comprehensive understanding of the perpetrator's …
Not On The Menu: Customer Sexual Harassment In The Restaurant Industry, Fernanda Wolburg Martinez
Not On The Menu: Customer Sexual Harassment In The Restaurant Industry, Fernanda Wolburg Martinez
Dissertations and Theses
Despite the high prevalence of customer sexual harassment (CSH) paired with a high turnover in the restaurant industry, there have been few suggestions on resources that may attenuate the effect that bystander and direct CSH might have on strain--anxiety and depressive symptoms--and turnover intentions among restaurant workers. Based on the stipulations of the job-demands resources theory and the empowerment framework, the current study frames direct and bystander CSH as job demands that may be linked to employee strain and turnover intentions. Moreover, CSH preventive supervisor behaviors and organizational intolerance towards CSH are introduced as job resources that may weaken the …
A Daily Investigation Of The Recovery Paradox: Examining The Dynamic Interplay Of Workload, Recovery Experiences, And Microbreaks, Morgan Rose Taylor
A Daily Investigation Of The Recovery Paradox: Examining The Dynamic Interplay Of Workload, Recovery Experiences, And Microbreaks, Morgan Rose Taylor
Dissertations and Theses
Research has highlighted the importance of recovery from work stress during non-work time for employee health and wellbeing. Building on the recovery from work stress literature, this study examines the recovery paradox which suggests that employees may recover from work demands the least when they need it the most. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to shed light on the mechanisms underlying the recovery paradox. Specifically, this study examined whether a common work stressor, workload in the morning, is indirectly related to poorer recovery experiences in the evening through negative states at the end of workday. Furthermore, this study …
Who Puts The "Support" In Supportive Housing? The Impact Of Housing Staff On Resident's Well-Being, And The Potential Moderating Role Of Self-Determination, Kenna Estell Dickard
Who Puts The "Support" In Supportive Housing? The Impact Of Housing Staff On Resident's Well-Being, And The Potential Moderating Role Of Self-Determination, Kenna Estell Dickard
Dissertations and Theses
The provision of residential and community-based services for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) has become increasingly important following the deinstitutionalization movement. Much of the existing research on supportive housing focuses on housing outcomes rather than exploring how the program helps its residents thrive in the broader community. This study draws upon data collected from 176 people with SMI residing in 16 supportive housing locations in Portland, Oregon. Analyses employed an ecological approach, exploring how housing staff support relates to residents' well-being at three levels of analysis: loneliness (interpersonal level), residential satisfaction (housing and neighborhood level), and sense of community …
Experiences Of People With Serious Mental Illness Seeking Services At Community Mental Health Centers During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Leickly
Experiences Of People With Serious Mental Illness Seeking Services At Community Mental Health Centers During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Emily Leickly
Dissertations and Theses
Community mental health centers (CMHCs) have been underfunded and overburdened since Reagan-era disinvestment and the United States' move toward neoliberalism. Rates of mental illness have been rising consistently, particularly in Oregon, as CMHCs face continuing financial pressures and staff retention issues. This was before the COVID-19 pandemic. Today, we are still trying to understand the ongoing pandemic's impact on people with serious mental illnesses (SMI). Most of the studies in this area thus far are quantitative, and first-hand accounts of the pandemic from people with SMI are largely absent. Additionally, research in this area fails to draw on critical alternative …
Main, Mediated, And Moderated Effects Of Participating In An After-School Social And Emotional Learning Program On Young Children's Development Of Social-Emotional Skills, Amy L. Cordier
Dissertations and Theses
Young children's social and emotional skills (SE skills) are highly predictive of the ease with which they transition to kindergarten as well as their success in the K-12 school system and in life after graduation. Children from low socioeconomic status (SES) backgrounds often enter kindergarten with less well-developed SE skills and lag their peers throughout their school careers. Studies of social-emotional learning (SEL) programs indicate that these programs are successful in teaching SE skills, both in school and in after-school programs. However, less is known about the mechanisms of changes through which SEL programs improve children's SE skills and for …
Antecedents Of Fssb: Evaluating The Demographic Basis Of Support, Erika Ann Schemmel
Antecedents Of Fssb: Evaluating The Demographic Basis Of Support, Erika Ann Schemmel
Dissertations and Theses
The benefits of family-supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB) have been well-documented in recent literature. However, less research has examined the antecedents of FSSB. The present study draws from two theoretical models of FSSB to investigate the demographic antecedents of FSSB in a military sample. Supervisor and employee gender, partnered status, parental status, and elder caregiving status were examined to determine by whom, and for whom, FSSB is provided, as measured by employee perceptions. It is hypothesized that supervisors and employees who are women, partnered, parents, and/or caregivers to elders would have higher employee-ratings of FSSB. Furthermore, the present study applied a …
Why So Serious? Using The Belongingness Need Tenet From The Self-Determination Theory To Examine Workplace Humor And Its Outcomes, Katharine Lucille Mcmahon
Why So Serious? Using The Belongingness Need Tenet From The Self-Determination Theory To Examine Workplace Humor And Its Outcomes, Katharine Lucille Mcmahon
Dissertations and Theses
The small body of literature for workplace humor remains fragmented due to the lack of coherence in conceptualization and theory. Furthermore, the distinction between positive and negative humor adds complexity to predicting the outcomes of humor. Focusing on the foundation aspect of humor as a form of social play provides guidance on choosing a theory-informed integrative framework that could explain the implications of humor in the workplace. The belongingness need tenet of the self-determination theory offers a promising framework to synthesize existing research and to direct future studies. Paper 1 reviews the literature and concludes with an integrative framework suggesting …
Exploring Associations Between Military Identity And Well-Being Outcomes Among Post-9/11 Veterans After Separation, James David Lee
Exploring Associations Between Military Identity And Well-Being Outcomes Among Post-9/11 Veterans After Separation, James David Lee
Dissertations and Theses
Approximately 200,000 service members exit the military each year; as of 2016, there were 19 million veterans in the U.S. As service members transition out of the military and acclimate to civilian life, they face a multitude of stressors. For example, estimates vary from 44 to 72% of veterans reportedly experience increased stress during their transition which often entails securing civilian employment, navigating interpersonal difficulties, and adapting to the challenges of civilian life. These stressors have harmful consequences and have been linked to physical and mental health, and suicide risk. Despite these findings, research examining the well-being of veterans following …
Confederate Statues In University Opinion Newspaper Articles: An Analysis Of Themes And Attachment, Jamie Nicole Knopf
Confederate Statues In University Opinion Newspaper Articles: An Analysis Of Themes And Attachment, Jamie Nicole Knopf
Dissertations and Theses
Many have asked for Confederate monuments' removal while others argue that they should remain or be recontextualized. Knopf analyzed themes found in Southern university student newspapers on the monument issue and how the statues related to community attachment. Using thematic analysis, Knopf identified six themes across the articles, and found that both removal and recontextualization arguments refer to the ideology behind the statues and the impacts this can have on students. Instances of attachment were used in both removal and recontextualization articles.
Model.Disclose(): Examination Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Disclosure At Work, Timothy Allen Carsey
Model.Disclose(): Examination Of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Disclosure At Work, Timothy Allen Carsey
Dissertations and Theses
Research focused on Identity Management (IDM) in the workplace has explored the experiences of people with many different stigmatized identities (e.g., sexual orientation, gender identity, race/ethnicity, religiosity); however, research has only recently begun to explore IDM of mental illness in the workplace. One such identity, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), has remained particularly unexplored. Individuals with mental illnesses, such as OCD, experience unique consequences with their concealment and disclosure process. Specifically, OCD has both cognitive and behavioral components, and, the behavioral component of OCD can demonstrate to coworkers visible actions that are seen as "not normal" or "awkward," potentially unintentionally signaling the …
Work-Related Ipv Among Latinos: Exploring The Roles Of Fatherhood Status, Gendered Expectations, And Support For Intimate Partner's Employment, Adrian Luis Manriquez
Work-Related Ipv Among Latinos: Exploring The Roles Of Fatherhood Status, Gendered Expectations, And Support For Intimate Partner's Employment, Adrian Luis Manriquez
Dissertations and Theses
IPV can spill over from individuals' personal lives into their work lives. Men's work-related IPV perpetration has been found to negatively impact their work performance and employment outcomes. Additionally, acculturation, lack of support for an intimate partner's maintenance employment, and traditional gender role expectations may have an impact on Latinos' work-related IPV perpetration. However, it is plausible that fatherhood can serve as a point of intervention for ending men's IPV perpetration. The current study aimed to examine the moderating effect of fatherhood status on the relationship between various risk factors for IPV perpetration and work-related IPV behaviors among Latinos. Additionally, …
Sleeping To Support: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Leader Sleep And Positive Support Behaviors, Jordyn Jan Leslie
Sleeping To Support: An Examination Of The Relationship Between Leader Sleep And Positive Support Behaviors, Jordyn Jan Leslie
Dissertations and Theses
Although research has documented the relationship between sleep and workplace outcomes among general employees, less research has focused on the role of sleep among workplace leaders. Drawing from the work, nonwork, and sleep theoretical model (Crain et al., 2018), the current study investigates emotional exhaustion the link between leader sleep quantity on a constellation of positive leader support behaviors (i.e., general supervisor support, family supportive supervisor behaviors (FSSB), and sleep leadership) rated by both the leader and their direct employee. To gain a deeper understanding of the role of sleep in these relationships, this study examines the interaction between sleep …
Do Motives Matter? The Role Of Motivation In Shaping The Impact Of Mindfulness Training On Teachers' Psychological Distress And Wellbeing, Cristi N. Pinela
Do Motives Matter? The Role Of Motivation In Shaping The Impact Of Mindfulness Training On Teachers' Psychological Distress And Wellbeing, Cristi N. Pinela
Dissertations and Theses
Research on the impacts of mindfulness trainings (MTs) on teachers' psychological health and wellbeing suggests that MTs may be especially well-suited to preparing teachers for the unique demands of the profession. However, few studies have investigated whether different teachers benefit in different ways from mindfulness training, although there is some evidence that mindfulness training may yield dissociable benefits and preliminary evidence of differential effects of MTs on subgroup of teachers. The paucity of empirical evidence may be partly attributed to the paucity of theoretical frameworks that identify possible mechanisms for differential effects. The present study stepped into this gap by …
Transforming Learning Communities, Transforming Ourselves: A Qualitative Investigation Of Identity Processes In A Participatory Action Research-Themed Undergraduate Course, Julia Sara Dancis
Transforming Learning Communities, Transforming Ourselves: A Qualitative Investigation Of Identity Processes In A Participatory Action Research-Themed Undergraduate Course, Julia Sara Dancis
Dissertations and Theses
In contrast to the dominant, post-positivist approaches to research in psychology, participatory action research (PAR) programs aim to democratize knowledge production and participate in social action through explicitly value-based and politicized agendas. Despite the inclusive nature of this work, college students are often left out of PAR collaborations and rarely even exposed to this frame of research. The handful of researcher-educators who have conducted participatory and action-oriented research with undergraduate students report a range of benefits for students, their universities, and the surrounding communities, confirming its importance. Left unaddressed are the key identity processes that unfold during knowledge production and …
Clarifying And Measuring Inclusive Leadership, Kelly Mason Hamilton
Clarifying And Measuring Inclusive Leadership, Kelly Mason Hamilton
Dissertations and Theses
Many organizations view diversity as a strategic business priority that provides important benefits such as increased creativity and innovation. Research indicates, however, that the potential benefits of diversity cannot be realized without employees feeling a sense of inclusion, which involves feeling like one belongs and can be themselves at work. Although scholars acknowledge the important role managers play in fostering inclusion, there remains limited research on specific behaviors they can enact to foster inclusion perceptions in their work groups. Additionally, there is a lack of agreement in the literature about the scope of "inclusive leadership." Historically, scholars viewed inclusive leadership …
Masculinity Instability And Ideologies As Predictors Of Ipv Perpetration: The Mediating Role Of Relationship Power, Emma Christine Marioles O'Connor
Masculinity Instability And Ideologies As Predictors Of Ipv Perpetration: The Mediating Role Of Relationship Power, Emma Christine Marioles O'Connor
Dissertations and Theses
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered to be a pervasive and devastating social issue and is disproportionately perpetrated by men (CDC). Masculinity ideologies, which are comprised of male role norm expectations, inform boys and men about what it means to be and to not be "a man" and have been established as a predictive factor of men's IPV perpetration. These ideologies serve to maintain existing social hierarchies that entitle men to seek socially dominant and powerful positions in society, as well as within their intimate relationships. Further, masculinity is considered to be unstable, subject to threat, and in need of …
The Practice Of Traditional Grading: A Site For Inquiring Into Teacher Identity Friction In A U.S. High School, Sarah Emily Dutton-Breen
The Practice Of Traditional Grading: A Site For Inquiring Into Teacher Identity Friction In A U.S. High School, Sarah Emily Dutton-Breen
Dissertations and Theses
High school teachers' identities and agency are often affected by systems that require their compliance if the teachers are to maintain employment. Sometimes when teachers perform an expected task, they experience identity friction, a term created to explain the residual effect of performing an institutional obligation that is misaligned with a teacher's identity and agency. Considering the potential impact of grades on students' academic opportunities and perceptions of themselves, one teacher obligation that creates identity friction is assigning student grades. And yet, scant research has been done on the impact identity friction -- resulting from working within the traditional grading …
The Effect Of Peer Relationships And Cyberbullying Victimization On Young Adults' Propensity To Cyberbully, Taaj Weraphorn Orr
The Effect Of Peer Relationships And Cyberbullying Victimization On Young Adults' Propensity To Cyberbully, Taaj Weraphorn Orr
Dissertations and Theses
Technology has deeply engrained itself in our daily lives, leading us to develop a reliance on social media to interact with those in our inner circle and stay connected with what happens around the world. However, with all these changes in technology and how we socialize with one another, we find ourselves exposed to the dangers of cybercrime, cyberbullying. General Strain Theory (GST) could be a useful framework for understanding why cyberbullying exists and why it may be difficult to address it. I collected data through a survey, after recruiting college students, and conducted correlation, mediation, and multiple regression analyses …
Fortunate People In A Fortunate Land: Dwelling And Residential Alienation In Santa Monica's Rent-Controlled Housing, Lauren E.M. Everett
Fortunate People In A Fortunate Land: Dwelling And Residential Alienation In Santa Monica's Rent-Controlled Housing, Lauren E.M. Everett
Dissertations and Theses
The importance of safe and stable housing for individual and community wellbeing is widely acknowledged. However, for the one third of Americans who rent their homes, housing-related stress and precarity (residential alienation) may undermine stability and a sense of home. Rent control is perhaps the most well-known tenant protection policy in the United States, but it remains highly controversial and its efficacy has been debated for decades. This research is the first academic inquiry to examine the policy through the experience of residents of rent-controlled housing. In academic discourse dominated by quantitative inquiry from the discipline of economics, this study …
The Benefits Of Social Support On Health And Well-Being In Military Populations: Examining Mechanisms, Source Of Support, And The Reach Of A Workplace Well-Being Intervention, Annamarie Sophia O'Neill
The Benefits Of Social Support On Health And Well-Being In Military Populations: Examining Mechanisms, Source Of Support, And The Reach Of A Workplace Well-Being Intervention, Annamarie Sophia O'Neill
Dissertations and Theses
Social connection is essential for health and well-being. Although the salubrious effects of social relationships have been established, important questions remain such as: the mechanisms driving these beneficial effects, the extent that promoting social support in the workplace can benefit workers and their romantic partners, and if support from important but less close sources of support (like supervisors) can offer additional health benefits beyond support from closer relationships (like romantic partners). Over three studies, I explored these topics in the context of military couples (Studies 1 & 2) and in partnered service members (Study 3) on health and well-being outcomes …
Le Gout Qui Reste: Cultural Identity And Belonging In Ook Chung's Kimchi, Taurean James Weber-Laurencio
Le Gout Qui Reste: Cultural Identity And Belonging In Ook Chung's Kimchi, Taurean James Weber-Laurencio
Dissertations and Theses
The emphasis placed on the questioning of identity in Québécois society since the Quiet Revolution of the mid-twentieth century continues to this day. Whereas this search for a specifically Québécois identity was originally cast in terms of an Anglophone/Francophone divide, the influx of migrants from around the world to the province since the 1970s has rendered such a simplistic, binary discourse impossible. The population of Québéc in general and of Montréal in particular is now multicultural; visible minorities now constitute twenty-six percent of the Montréal populace. While most migrants in Québéc are able to find a niche in Montréal in …
Examining The Role Of Social Support And Neighborhood Deprivation In The Relationship Between Multiple Aces And Health Risk Behaviors, Marin L. Henderson-Posther
Examining The Role Of Social Support And Neighborhood Deprivation In The Relationship Between Multiple Aces And Health Risk Behaviors, Marin L. Henderson-Posther
Dissertations and Theses
The accumulation of multiple adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is associated with the disproportionate development of health risk behaviors (HRBs), such as smoking, substance use, physical inactivity, and risky HIV behaviors. The impact of neighborhood social inequities on the association between multiple ACEs and HRBs is not well known. This study aims to examine the impact of stressors associated with neighborhood deprivation on ACE-related HRBs, the potential protective factor of perceived social support (PSS), as well as better understand disproportionality experienced by racial/ethnic minorities. Through merging data from the 2010 Washington State Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey (n = …