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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- 22qDS (1)
- Adolescent Psychopathology; Informants; Outpatient Treatment Programs; Self-harming Youth; Predictors of Treatment Dropout; Intrapersonal Distress (1)
- Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child Behavior Problems; Stress-reduction Intervention; Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (1)
- Breast Cancer (1)
- Chronic Health Problems (1)
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- Cognitive Performance; Cognitive Decline; Mild Depressive Symptoms; Dysphoric Symptoms; Language ability; Processing Speed (1)
- Compromise (1)
- Deletion Syndrome (1)
- Deliberate Self-Harm; Dialectical Behavior Therapy; Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function; Prefrontal Cortex (1)
- Deliberate Self-harm; Adolescence; Outpatient programs; Patient treatment dropout; (1)
- Emotional Expression; Computational text analysis; Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count; Emotional Identification; (1)
- Empirically-supported Treatments; Mood and Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Treatment Engagement; (1)
- Foster Care System; Placement stability; Placement Satisfaction (1)
- Genetic Etiology (1)
- Geriatric Depression Scale (1)
- Geriatric depression (1)
- Gridlock (1)
- Incarcerated female youth; Intervention; Treatment Manual; Interpersonal Effectiveness; Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (1)
- Lifestyle and Behavioral Modifications; Weight Problems; Evidence-based Interventions; Health Psychologists (1)
- Literature Reviews; Malingerers; Forensic Population; Malingering Assessment (1)
- Measures of Depression (1)
- Medical Trauma; Ambiguous Loss; Stress (1)
- Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction; Child Social Development; Intraclass Correlation Coefficient; Parenting Relationship Questionnaire; Social Skills Improvement System (1)
- Mini Mental State Examination (1)
- Monte Carlo Data; Kaiser Rule; Minimum Average Partial; Parallel Analysis; Salient Loading Criteria (1)
- Moral Foundations Theory (1)
- Music Cognition; Biomusicology; Ambiensomatic Perception; Cognition Perspective (1)
- Olfaction; Psychological Impact; Odorants; Human Sensitivity to Odorants; Vomeronasal Organ Debate (1)
- Outcome Questionnaire 45; Outcome Rating Scale; Session Rating Scale; Linear Regression; Patient Progress (1)
- Partisan Hostility and Polarization; Social-Psychological Theories; Snowball Convenience Sampling; Structural Equation Modeling; Intentionality (1)
Articles 1 - 30 of 32
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Behavioral Assessment And Referral For Patients With Cardiovascular Disease, Sarah June Sadeghi
Behavioral Assessment And Referral For Patients With Cardiovascular Disease, Sarah June Sadeghi
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most frequent cause of death in the United States. CVD affects more than a third of the U.S. population translating to approximately $431.8 billion in direct and indirect costs (Rosamond et al., 2007 as cited in Hunter et al., 2009). Given the significant rates of mental health issues exhibited in cardiovascular patients coupled with the lack of standard screening practices of psychosocial risk factors implicated in cardiovascular disease, the introduction of adequate assessment and referrals to mental health providers could substantially benefit health outcomes of patients.
The aims of this project are to: 1) provide …
Online Psychoeducational Therapy For Chronic Pain, Cynthia Marie Nakoski
Online Psychoeducational Therapy For Chronic Pain, Cynthia Marie Nakoski
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The pain experience consists of many factors including biological, psychological, social and spiritual that can exacerbate and perpetuate it, often leading to chronic pain. Provision of an online psychoeducational course, inclusive of social networking capabilities, offers remote access to invaluable information for the enhancement of self-efficacy in the treatment of chronic pain. The focus of this doctoral project was the creation of a website that includes pain management lessons comprised of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Family Therapy, and Spirituality modules. The website incorporates psychometrics, automated course tracking, and social network components allowing for research reporting, self-paced interactive …
Executive Dysfunction Is Predictive Of Clinical Symptomatology In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Chinonyere Kemdirim Bello
Executive Dysfunction Is Predictive Of Clinical Symptomatology In 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome, Chinonyere Kemdirim Bello
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
By adulthood, 25%- 30% of individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) develop a psychotic disorder, often schizophrenia, and it is not understood why. Given the known genetic etiology of this disorder and the greatly elevated risk for development of schizophrenia, this group offers the possibility of defining a seemingly homogenous maturational pathway to psychosis. Neurocognitive deficits have been increasingly recognized as an important dimension of schizophrenia, particularly in the executive domain. Thus, we assessed multiple aspects of executive cognition in 22qDS, in order to: 1) characterize performance across this domain as compared to age-matched healthy controls; and 2) determine whether …
Comparison Of Text Analysis Programs For Identification Of Emotional Expression, Michelle Mcdonnell
Comparison Of Text Analysis Programs For Identification Of Emotional Expression, Michelle Mcdonnell
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Studies have show that written emotional expression assists in the recovery and alleviates the pain associated with traumatic experiences, cancer diagnoses, and chronic illnesses. Written interventions have been developed to utilize this emotional coping approach. Unfortunately, evaluation of participants and patients written text is time consuming and subjective to the coder. Researchers have developed computational text analysis programs in an attempt to find an alternative to human coders for text analysis. The current study will utilize data from previous research performed by Owen et al., (2005) entitled Randomized Pilot of a Self-Guided Internet Coping Group for Women With Early Stage …
Dialectical Behavior Therapy And Adolescent Patient Treatment Dropout, Danessa Mayo
Dialectical Behavior Therapy And Adolescent Patient Treatment Dropout, Danessa Mayo
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Attrition in mental health treatment is an area of concern among the adolescent population, especially with patients engaged in deliberate self-harm. The purpose of this study was to examine the treatment attrition rate for adolescents with deliberate self-harm in an adapted dialectical behavior therapy intensive outpatient program. A total of 141 adolescents previously enrolled in the program were available for the study. Results demonstrated a 31.9% dropout rate. Graduates indicated greater improvement of overall distress from baseline to post-treatment than dropouts. Dropouts attended an average of 12 treatment sessions. Several factors were examined to identify potential predictors of patient treatment …
Executive Functioning Outcomes Among Self-Harming Adolescents Receiving Dbt-A, Alphonso A. Smith
Executive Functioning Outcomes Among Self-Harming Adolescents Receiving Dbt-A, Alphonso A. Smith
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Changes in WM, GM, and neural activation in networks involving the PFC underlie the development of EFs during adolescence; however, adolescents with DSH have impaired EFs in the areas of inhibition, emotion regulation, shifting, and interpersonal functioning. DBT-A has been shown to be effective in treating these youth and the skills of mindfulness, emotion regulation, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and “walking the middle path” are suited to treat their impaired EFs. As such, this study examined EF changes in adolescents receiving DBT-A and discussed implications for treatment and brain-behavior relationships. Ninety-three adolescents from a 16-week DBT-A program for DSH were …
The Assessment Of Malingering Within Forensic Populations, Caroline Mary Katherine Carr
The Assessment Of Malingering Within Forensic Populations, Caroline Mary Katherine Carr
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The current literature review examines the assessment of malingering in adult forensic populations with a focus on recent applications of measures for identifying feigned psychiatric symptoms. Although a large amount of research on malingering assessment exists, such a review is needed given the limited research on factors that increase an individual’s ability to malinger successfully and evade detection. This review also serves as a guide to help clinicians select the most appropriate assessment measures which may vary across cases. Clinical implications of malingering assessment and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Music Listening As Therapy, David M. Rosenblatt
Music Listening As Therapy, David M. Rosenblatt
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Music is a universal phenomenon and is a real, physical thing. It is processed in neural circuits that overlap with language circuits, and it exerts cognitive, emotional, and physiological effects on humans. Many of those effects are therapeutic, such as reduced symptoms of physical and mental ailments. Music is the result of the elements rhythm, melody, harmony, timbre, dynamics, and form. Rhythm is the focus of pop music, and melody is the focus of classical music. The mind perceives and organizes music in learned, consistent ways in order to generate predictions and extract meaning. There are perceptual laws and information …
Program Evaluation And Guideline Development For Psychological Treatment Of The Adolescent And Young Adult Population With Cancer, Kayla R. Kraich
Program Evaluation And Guideline Development For Psychological Treatment Of The Adolescent And Young Adult Population With Cancer, Kayla R. Kraich
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer population suffers from many unique medical and mental health challenges. Both medical, psychological and support services play an important role in the lack of improvement in survival rates of this population. The purpose of this project was to identify the unique mental health challenges and treatment needs of the Adolescent and Young Adult (AYA) Oncology population and to evaluate current oncology programs available to this population at Loma Linda University. The project provides guideline recommendations for implementing a comprehensive and developmentally appropriate AYA oncology program at Loma Linda University.
Clinical Essentials For Obesity, Ryan Garry Montanari
Clinical Essentials For Obesity, Ryan Garry Montanari
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
In order for health psychologists to be prepared to address obesity, foundational information on obesity is required. Psychologists have the potential to assist with lifestyle and behavioral modifications, especially when weight problems are tied to mental health conditions. Furthermore, clinicians can focus on triggers for unhealthy choices, in addition to unhealthy beliefs about eating and weight. The purpose of this research project is to provide health psychologists with essential information on the scope, associated risks, and evidence-based interventions for obesity so that they will be better prepared to deliver effective treatments.
Treatment Manual For Improving Self-Esteem, Body Image, And Interpersonal Effectiveness Of Female Juvenile Offenders, Victoria Liao
Treatment Manual For Improving Self-Esteem, Body Image, And Interpersonal Effectiveness Of Female Juvenile Offenders, Victoria Liao
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Few interventions have been established for female juvenile offenders, despite the unique psychological problems reported in this population. This is an important issue requiring greater attention, as there has been an increase in the total amount of incarcerated female youth. Additionally, the trajectory leading to delinquent behaviors and incarceration among females is distinct from that of males. Given the need for interventions targeting female juvenile offenders, a treatment manual was developed to improve self-esteem, body image, and interpersonal effectiveness in this population using principles of dialectical behavioral therapy.
Cultural Beliefs And Professional Empathy Influence Continuity Of Healthcare, Jael A. Amador
Cultural Beliefs And Professional Empathy Influence Continuity Of Healthcare, Jael A. Amador
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Negative healthcare encounters have implications for preventive medical services and continuity of healthcare. This study examined the influence of positive cultural beliefs about health professionals and perceived professional empathy on continuity of cancer screening care in the context of a negative healthcare encounter. A mixed-methods research approach was implemented to examine the relations among cultural beliefs, perceived professional empathy, interpersonal emotions, and continuity of care among 237 Latin American (Latino) and non-Latino White (Anglo) American women that reported a negative healthcare encounter. Multi-group structural equation modeling revealed that for Latino and Anglo women, positive cultural beliefs about health professionals in …
Indicators Of Ambiguous Loss In Families With Traumatic Brain Injured Members, Mynda Ohs
Indicators Of Ambiguous Loss In Families With Traumatic Brain Injured Members, Mynda Ohs
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
People who have encountered medical traumas can experience significant changes in their lives. As a result, the family members become caregivers and experience increased stress and ambiguous losses (AL). These losses are often unacknowledged even by the family and cause significant distress. It is important that the family acknowledge these losses and allow themselves time to grieve and adapt to the changes in their lives. While it is widely known that caregivers experience this stress, and programs exist to help support these families, there is less known about the effectiveness of these programs. This study has been designed to explore …
Do Clergy In Hidalgo County, Texas Serve As A Bridge Or Barrier To Mental Health Services?, John C. Park
Do Clergy In Hidalgo County, Texas Serve As A Bridge Or Barrier To Mental Health Services?, John C. Park
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Clergy play the role of frontline mental health (MH) workers for many Americans (Ellison et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2005; Winet, Majors, & Stewart, 1979). There is insufficient information in regards to what the clergy believe about MH and how they respond to MH related concerns. What we know indicates that clergy are not sufficiently equipped or trained to respond adequately to people suffering from issues of MH. Using face to face interview process, 301 clergy members of the faith based organizations (FBO) in Hidalgo County, Texas (HCT) were interviewed. Key findings suggest that the clergy engage in significant …
An Attribution-Emotion Approach To Political Conflict, Daniel Joel Northington
An Attribution-Emotion Approach To Political Conflict, Daniel Joel Northington
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The current political system in the United States is marked by extreme levels of partisan hostility and polarization, which has not only resulted in a dysfunctional congress, but also increasing conflict between partisan groups in the general electorate. While political scientists have offered various explanations for this phenomenon, social-psychological theories provide opportunities for empirical investigation of psychological explanatory factors. This study applied Betancourt’s attribution-emotion model of conflict and violence to the ultimate attribution error in order to develop a contemporary and comprehensive understanding of the psychological factors relevant to partisan-based intergroup relations. Five hundred sixty-four participants from various demographic backgrounds …
Nondysphoric Depressive Symptoms And Cognitive Abilities In Healthy Older Adults, Clint H. Norseth
Nondysphoric Depressive Symptoms And Cognitive Abilities In Healthy Older Adults, Clint H. Norseth
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Research has shown that depression is associated with poorer cognitive performance and cognitive decline. Cognitive functions such as processing speed, language ability, memory, and executive functions have been found to be affected in older adults with depression. However, there is limited research focused on the effects of minimal or mild depressive symptoms in older adults who do not meet criteria for a depressive disorder. Older adults are more likely than any other population to endorse depressive symptoms in the absence of typical dysphoric symptoms that would qualify an individual for a depressive disorder. Understanding the effects of nondysphoric depressive symptoms …
Use Of An Enhanced Engagement Approach To Increase Engagement In An Online Support Group, Ketlyne Sol
Use Of An Enhanced Engagement Approach To Increase Engagement In An Online Support Group, Ketlyne Sol
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Online support groups (OSGs) are potentially useful resources for individuals with chronic health problems who often face challenges in receiving desired support from similar others. Barriers such as limited mobility, time, distance, and desire for anonymity limit access to this support in traditional face-to-face groups. However, engagement in OSGs are well documented to have low user activity, despite the barriers they help to overcome. Several reasons for this low engagement are discussed. Study into engagement is limited by the fact that there are many different ways of measuring engagement, which are not consistent across studies. Furthermore, interventions to specifically improve …
Acceptability And Preferences For Empirically-Supported Psychological Treatments, Amanda Gorlick
Acceptability And Preferences For Empirically-Supported Psychological Treatments, Amanda Gorlick
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Over the past decade, mental health has been moving in the direction of empirically-supported treatments. Currently, there are many empirically-supported treatment modalities that have been shown to be efficacious for various psychological disorders, specifically mood and anxiety disorders. However, the face-to-face treatment literature reflects low levels of treatment access and participation. Approximately half of participants with clinically-significant levels of depression received some treatment, evidence-based or not (Kessler et al., 2007). Even for participants who are able to successfully access services, engagement with treatment is often low, and dropout rates are high. There is some evidence that participants’ preferences for treatment …
Assessment Of Geriatric Depression: Construction Of A New Screening Inventory, Earl C. Thorndyke Iii
Assessment Of Geriatric Depression: Construction Of A New Screening Inventory, Earl C. Thorndyke Iii
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Geriatric depression is strongly associated with increased healthcare costs, poor treatment outcomes, and mortality. Existing measures of depression in this population do not adequately account for more recent literature describing the presentation of depressed older adults, and thus may result in the underdiagnosis of depression in this population. The current study consistent of the development of a new, updated measure and examined its psychometric properties and potential clinical utility for diagnosing depression in adults over the age of 65. Participants were be recruited from multiple sources, including a community population from residential retirement communities, as well as inpatients and outpatients …
Parent Stress And Social Skills Development In Children With Developmental Delays, Andrea Lewallen
Parent Stress And Social Skills Development In Children With Developmental Delays, Andrea Lewallen
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
The following dissertation is a compilation of two studies examining the impact of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on parents of children with developmental delays (DD) and the subsequent effects on child social development. Study one sought to examine whether changes in child social skills occurred after parent stress was reduced through an 8-week MBSR training group, and whether these changes were associated with improvements in parent-child relational factors. Data from 24 families of children with DD (ages 2.5-5) were examined in this study. Paired samples t-tests examining pre-post differences revealed that mothers, secondary informants, and teachers acknowledged improvements in …
Predictors Of Placement Satisfaction For Foster Youth, Shereen Mcfarlane
Predictors Of Placement Satisfaction For Foster Youth, Shereen Mcfarlane
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Youth in the foster care system are often removed from their biological families because of challenges to their safety and wellbeing and are often at risk for further placement disruption and poor socio-emotional development. Placement stability is a crucial component to establishing permanency and placement satisfaction might be a contributing factor. This study uses an ecological framework to explore the impact of the foster youth’s ecosystem, such as the foster child, foster parent, child welfare worker, and the placement environment on placement satisfaction. This quantitative study uses secondary data to determine the predictability of these factors on placement satisfaction of …
Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among Black Men: A Multivariate Analysis, Crystal Renee Clarke
Prostate Cancer Screening Intention Among Black Men: A Multivariate Analysis, Crystal Renee Clarke
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of death among Black men, and widespread lack of screening contributes to the mortality burden. The purpose of this present study was to evaluate the effect of relationship intimacy with individual intent to screen using the digital rectal examination (DRE) among Black men. The human ecological theory of human development was a good fit for this present study, as individual health status and population health disparities are embedded in larger historical, geographic, socio-cultural, economic, and political contexts. The ecological framework allows researchers to attempt to identify the influences of all these factors. …
Elections Have Consequences: Moral Value Foundations Ensure Gridlock Through The Ballot Box, Gregory John Regts
Elections Have Consequences: Moral Value Foundations Ensure Gridlock Through The Ballot Box, Gregory John Regts
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
In the midst of unprecedented partisan polarization in the voting public and congressional gridlock in Washington, research in moral psychology has implicated reliance on differing moral value foundations between liberals and conservatives as a determinant of partisan divides. While Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) research has highlighted the effect of moral values on a variety of issues, little research has explained their effect on psychological factors and voting behavior related to fiscal concerns. Guided by Betancourt’s integrative model for studying culture, psychological factors, and behavior, the present study investigated the extent to which socially shared moral value foundations influence psychological reactions …
Performance Of Number Of Factors Procedures In Small Sample Sizes, Marc Thomas Porritt
Performance Of Number Of Factors Procedures In Small Sample Sizes, Marc Thomas Porritt
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Recent studies have indicated that under the proper circumstances factor anaylisis may be accurately performed in samples as small as N = 9. However, all of these studies have extracted a pre-known number of factors, leaving an examination of determining the proper number of factors to future studies. The current study uses examines the following methods for determining the proper number of factors: Monte Carlo data to examine the performance of common versions of the Kaiser Rule, minimum average partial, parallel analysis and salient loading criteria under the conditions created by all possible combinations of method, model strength, overdetermination and …
Psychological Services For Pediatric Victims Of Non Accidental Trauma, Robyn Finckbone
Psychological Services For Pediatric Victims Of Non Accidental Trauma, Robyn Finckbone
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Child abuse is a significant problem within our society. In 2010, there were approximately 1,560 fatalities as a result of child abuse; 17.6% of those deaths were the direct result of physical abuse and 80% occurred in children under the age of 4. There is a dearth of research examining severe physical abuse among children and, as a result, the demographics of this population are unclear as are the psychological referrals and services provided to these children. The aims of the current study are to identify the demographic characteristics of child victims of non-accidental trauma (NAT, i.e. physical abuse) as …
Human Olfactory Perception: A Literature Review, Catherine Jameson Lee Kelly
Human Olfactory Perception: A Literature Review, Catherine Jameson Lee Kelly
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
There has been wide debate about the degree to which humans are impacted by olfaction. Despite former assumptions that we are dominantly visual/auditory creatures, recent studies suggest that humans are more highly macrosmatic than originally thought. Humans have demonstrated behavioral, physiological, cognitive and affective responses to olfactory stimuli even when the stimuli were perceived unconsciously. The mechanism by which humans perceive these signals is unclear; there is much debate as to whether the vomeronasal organ is functional in humans. Regardless of the mechanism of perception, it is clear olfaction is psychologically impactful for humans. The following literature review summarizes research …
Disaster Relief And Psychological First Aid, Jenny Haeyeon Cho
Disaster Relief And Psychological First Aid, Jenny Haeyeon Cho
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Many organizations that assist in the aftermath of disasters often do not provide psychological relief. Although people tend to be rather resilient in the face of traumatic events, the psychological distress and possible psychopathology that can ensue should not be taken lightly. This manual was created to be used as a training tool for those involved in disaster relief and aid work. A review of the literature, mental health disorders, basic information about disasters, common stress reactions, and Psychological First Aid are included. Although Psychological First Aid has not really been systematically studied, it appears to be promising in aiding …
Use Of Multi-Informants In Predicting Adolescent Treatment Dropout, David A. Mitchell
Use Of Multi-Informants In Predicting Adolescent Treatment Dropout, David A. Mitchell
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
High rates of dropout are common among adolescents in therapy making efforts to reduce adolescent psychopathology and behavioral problems challenging. The present study examined archival data from multiple informants who enrolled in a 16-week intensive outpatient treatment program for self-harming youth. The purpose of this study was to assess potential predictors of treatment dropout. Preliminary analysis indicated that adolescents who dropped out of treatment did not make clinically significant improvements when compared with adolescents who completed the program. This supports the need to retain adolescents in treatment for a complete course of treatment. The study also found that for the …
Weight Stigma As A Mediator Among Bmi, Childhood Overweight, Body Image And Depression, Serena D. Stevens
Weight Stigma As A Mediator Among Bmi, Childhood Overweight, Body Image And Depression, Serena D. Stevens
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Higher body mass index (BMI), childhood overweight, and weight stigmatization are correlated with depression and body dissatisfaction. Given that overweight/obese individuals are likely to experience significant weight stigma, the goal of the current study was to examine the effects of current weight and childhood overweight on depression and body dissatisfaction, and to examine weight stigmatization as a mediator in these relationships. Participants were 380 undergraduate students from the University of South Florida (84.5% female) with a mean age of 21.18 (SD = 4.32) and a mean BMI of 23.86 (SD = 5.03). Of these students, 53.4% were White, 24.7% were …
Relationship Among Psychotherapy Measurements: Predictors Of Ors And Oq-45 Scores, Evan Lima
Relationship Among Psychotherapy Measurements: Predictors Of Ors And Oq-45 Scores, Evan Lima
Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects
Psychological services have become increasingly important and accepted. The increase in the utilization of services has led to third party payers (e.g., insurance companies) paying more in reimbursement to providers of psychological services and therefore tightening parameters regarding how many sessions will be reimbursed. With the pressure from third party payers, a standardized means of monitoring client’s progress in treatment has become necessary. The goal of the current study was to determine whether (1) the trajectories of Outcome Questionnaire 45 (OQ-45) and Outcome Rating Scale (ORS) scores are the same over time, and if the Session Rating Scale (SRS) predicts …