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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Nor-Bni Antagonism Of Kappa Opioid Agonist-Induced Reinstatement Of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior, Erin Harshberger, Emily A. Gilson, Kelli Gillett, Jasmine H. Stone, Laila El Amrani, Glenn Valdez
Nor-Bni Antagonism Of Kappa Opioid Agonist-Induced Reinstatement Of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior, Erin Harshberger, Emily A. Gilson, Kelli Gillett, Jasmine H. Stone, Laila El Amrani, Glenn Valdez
Funded Articles
Recent work suggests that the dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system may be a key mediator in the behavioral effects of alcohol. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI) to attenuate relapse to ethanol seeking due to priming injections of the KOR agonist U50,488 at time points consistent with KOR selectivity. Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer a 10% ethanol solution, and then responding was extinguished. Following extinction, rats were injected with U50,488 (0.1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline and were tested for the reinstatement of ethanol seeking. Next, the …
The Socratic Method: Empirical Assessment Of A Psychology Capstone Course, Lawrence R. Burns, Paul L. Stephenson, Katy Bellamy
The Socratic Method: Empirical Assessment Of A Psychology Capstone Course, Lawrence R. Burns, Paul L. Stephenson, Katy Bellamy
Peer Reviewed Articles
Although students make some epistemological progress during college, most graduate without developing meaning-making strategies that reflect an understanding that knowledge is socially constructed. Using a pre-test–post-test design and a within-subjects 2 × 2 mixed-design ANOVA, this study reports on empirical findings which support the Socratic method of teaching as effective in challenging and changing psychology capstone students’ levels of epistemological maturity as measured by the Learning Environment Preferences survey and Perry’s model of intellectual maturity.
Cultural Change, Human Activity, And Cognitive Development, Mary Gauvain, Robert L. Munroe
Cultural Change, Human Activity, And Cognitive Development, Mary Gauvain, Robert L. Munroe
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
No abstract provided.
Parenting Stress In Immigrant Families Of Children With An Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison With Families From The Host Culture, M Millau, M Rivard, C Mercier, C Mello
Parenting Stress In Immigrant Families Of Children With An Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Comparison With Families From The Host Culture, M Millau, M Rivard, C Mercier, C Mello
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Immigrant families of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) face significant challenges in accessing and using rehabilitation services appropriate for their child’s disorder. Compared to families native to their host country, the stress experienced by these families in relation to their child’s condition may be magnified by their immigrant status. This study compared self-reported parenting stress levels among 24 mothers and 17 fathers who had immigrated to Canada to income-matched, Canadian-born parents. Overall, Canadian-born parents tended to report higher stress levels than immigrant parents, but this may be primarily due to the high stress levels among Canadian-born fathers relative to …
Occupational Stress Of Working Women In A Specific Culture, Santa Misra
Occupational Stress Of Working Women In A Specific Culture, Santa Misra
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The occupational stress of the working-woman in a specific orthodox socio-cultural milieu and the effects of personality traits, which are considered as preventive, protective as well as assailing factors, that influence the stress in the workplace, is now a burning issue in organizational sectors. Thus the study sought to examine the relationship of personality attributes on the management of occupational role stress in the working woman(N=550) from 11 occupational groups varying in age, level of employment and working hours in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. For each subject, data were collected on 10 measures of occupational stress, 4 measures of coping resources, …
The Relationship Between Servant Leadership, Affective Commitment: Organizational Citizenship Behavior And Team Effectiveness, B Mahembe, A S. Engerbrecht, Z Dannhauser
The Relationship Between Servant Leadership, Affective Commitment: Organizational Citizenship Behavior And Team Effectiveness, B Mahembe, A S. Engerbrecht, Z Dannhauser
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The goal of the study was to conduct an analysis of the relationships between servant leadership, affective team commitment, OCB and team effectiveness in the South African school system. A non-probability sample made up of 288 school teachers was drawn from 38 schools in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyse the data. Positive relationships were found between servant leadership and team effectiveness; servant leadership and affective team commitment, affective team commitment and team effectiveness, servant leadership and OCB; affective team commitment and OCB; and OCB and team effectiveness.
Intercultural Competences And Self-Identity As Key Factors To Adaptation, Carmen Carmona, Karen I. Van Der Zee, Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven, Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda
Intercultural Competences And Self-Identity As Key Factors To Adaptation, Carmen Carmona, Karen I. Van Der Zee, Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven, Nerea Hernaiz-Agreda
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Students increasingly cross borders to study in a foreign country and live a full experience abroad. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship among intercultural personality, self-identity orientation, and outcomes of cultural adaptation among international students. According to the multicultural personality questionnaire, five key dimensions lead to intercultural adaptation success: cultural empathy, open-mindedness, emotional stability, social initiative, and flexibility. In addition, another relevant factor is that individuals frame situations differently depending on how they construe or represent themselves in a specific context. Thus, we consider three related identity orientations (i.e., personal, relational, and collective identity) …
The Racism, Acceptance, And Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (Races): Measuring Racism In Australia, Kaine Grigg, Lenore Manderson
The Racism, Acceptance, And Cultural-Ethnocentrism Scale (Races): Measuring Racism In Australia, Kaine Grigg, Lenore Manderson
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
No existing scale has been designed for, and validated in, the Australian context which can objectively evaluate the levels of general racist attitudes in Australian individuals or groups. Existing Australian measures of racist attitudes focus on single groups or have not been validated across the lifespan. Without suitable instruments, racism reduction programs implemented in Australia cannot be appropriately evaluated and so cannot be judged to be making a meaningful difference to the attitudes of the participants. To address the need for a general measure of racial, ethnic, cultural, and religious acceptance, an Australian scale was developed and validated for use …
Do Individual-Level Value Preferences Impact Country-Level Social Cohesion? An Exploratory Multi-Level Analysis Based On Ess Data, Mandy Boehnke, Klaus Boehnke
Do Individual-Level Value Preferences Impact Country-Level Social Cohesion? An Exploratory Multi-Level Analysis Based On Ess Data, Mandy Boehnke, Klaus Boehnke
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
This chapter links macro-level social cohesion to individual value preferences. It explores the predictive, concomitant, and consequential character of cohesion in relation to individual value preferences. Is it that prior cohesion predicts later value preferences? Or is it that certain earlier value preferences impact later social cohesion? Or is there, if at all, only contemporaneous covariation? To answer these research questions, ESS values data from rounds 1-4 (2002, 2004, 2006, and 2008 waves) were separately linked with country-level social cohesion scores from (1) a prior time period, (2) the same time period, and (3) a later time period [e.g., ESS …
Who Is Friends With Whom? Patterns Of Inter- And Intraethnic Friendships Of Mainstream And Immigrant Early Adolescents In Germany, Maja K. Schachner, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Alaina Brenick, Peter Noack
Who Is Friends With Whom? Patterns Of Inter- And Intraethnic Friendships Of Mainstream And Immigrant Early Adolescents In Germany, Maja K. Schachner, Fons J. R. Van De Vijver, Alaina Brenick, Peter Noack
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Multiethnic schools provide opportunities for interethnic contact and the development of positive interethnic relations. Yet, some children develop such relations more easily than others. In the present study, we were interested in patterns of inter- and intraethnic friendships and the relative likeability of certain ethnic groups in ethnically heterogeneous schools. The sample comprised 842 early adolescents (Mage = 11.50 years, SDage = .71; 53% male) from 64 countries of origin who attend multiethnic schools in Southwest Germany. In line with our expectations, interethnic friendships are to a large extent formed on the basis of cultural distance, with more …
Suicide And Culture: Exploring Country-Level Relations Between Suicide Rates And Dimensions Of Cultural Variability, Miriam J. Schwarzenthal, Taciano L. Milfont
Suicide And Culture: Exploring Country-Level Relations Between Suicide Rates And Dimensions Of Cultural Variability, Miriam J. Schwarzenthal, Taciano L. Milfont
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Suicide rates vary considerably between nations. This observation suggests that sociocultural characteristics of nations might play an important role in explaining suicidal behavior. In this study we examined country-level associations between suicide rates and dimensions of cultural variability while adjusting for gross domestic product per capita. While some characteristics of modern culture such as intellectual autonomy and secular-rational values were associated with higher suicide rates, characteristics of postmodern societies such as self-expression values and egalitarian commitment were associated with lower suicide rates. Exploratory analyses also showed meaningful associations between suicide rates and other measures of cultural variability such as societal …
How Do Acts Of Penance Influence Intergroup Forgiveness?, Marta Penczek-Zapala
How Do Acts Of Penance Influence Intergroup Forgiveness?, Marta Penczek-Zapala
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
In the current paper the problems of penance and remorse in intergroup relations, as well as their influence on forgiveness are investigated. We argue that repent can be expressed in multiple ways, which vary in their effectiveness, because of differences in evaluation of their genuineness. Results obtained in an experimental study conducted among 271 Polish students suggest that indeed act of penance alone has no direct influence on willingness to forgive. On the other hand, genuineness of the outgroup conciliatory actions and remorse facilitates forgiveness. Also, it is shown that acts of penance, as well as outgroup remorse may break …
Cultural Perspectives On Ingroups Versus Outgroups And Shame Experiences, Bai Lin, Bee Chin Ng
Cultural Perspectives On Ingroups Versus Outgroups And Shame Experiences, Bai Lin, Bee Chin Ng
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The concept of self varies across cultures: in some cultures, individuals tend to see themselves as interdependent on others, and clear distinction is made between in-groups and out-groups because in-group members are seen as part of the “BIG SELF”. In other cultures individuals see themselves as independent and autonomous and have a less salient boundary between in-groups and out-groups. Little empirical work has been done on how such different cultural perspectives on in-groups, versus out-groups, shape emotional experiences. Although emotions are always internally experienced, these experiences often involve interpersonal and social interactions, and therefore how we think of ourselves in …
Role Of Empowering Leadership In Absorptive Capacity Through Outcome Interdependence: A Cultural Perspective, Rishabh Rai, Anand Prakash
Role Of Empowering Leadership In Absorptive Capacity Through Outcome Interdependence: A Cultural Perspective, Rishabh Rai, Anand Prakash
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
This study explores the influence process involved in the relationship between empowering leadership and absorptive capacity. On 217 samples from manufacturing and service organizations, the study has found that outcome interdependence mediated the relationship between empowering leadership and knowledge identification, knowledge assimilation, knowledge dissemination, and knowledge application. The findings show that members’ empowerment is essential for inducing them to engage in knowledge processes.
Depression And Help Seeking In The Sri Lankan-Australian And Anglo-Australian Community: A Qualitative Exploration-Preliminary Findings, Josefine Antoniades, Bianca Brijnath
Depression And Help Seeking In The Sri Lankan-Australian And Anglo-Australian Community: A Qualitative Exploration-Preliminary Findings, Josefine Antoniades, Bianca Brijnath
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
This study compared cultural variances in the understanding of depression, help seeking and management strategies between Anglo-Australians and Sri Lankan immigrants with depression, one of the fastest growing immigrant communities in Australia. From 2012-2104 Sri Lankan (n=18) and Anglo-Australians (n=30) participants living with depression took part in semi-structured interviews. Participant eligibility was verified by significant levels of depression on the DSM IV and K10. Sri Lankans and Anglo-Australians expressed overlap in the experience in symptoms, yet differences in beliefs related to the etiology of depression; in general, Sri Lankan migrants attributed depressive symptoms to ongoing social problems whereas Anglos-Australians generally …
Culture Contact And The Development Of Intercultural Sensitivity, Julien Teyssier, Patrick Denoux, Anna Bayard-Richez
Culture Contact And The Development Of Intercultural Sensitivity, Julien Teyssier, Patrick Denoux, Anna Bayard-Richez
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The theory exhibited here is rooted in a culture-contact psychology perspective. It gives a central role to interculturation, transitory psychological reactions and intercultural sensitivity in such a way that the hypothesis investigated is thus expressed: “lasting critical culture-contact experience implies the development of intercultural sensitivity”. The content of this postulate requires that the study focus on distinct cultural areas. This is why the inhabitants of the cities of Buenos Aires (Argentina), Hong Kong (China) and Toulouse (France) were selected to answer a multidimensional questionnaire (n = 209), deriving from a theoretical approach and allowing the proposed hypothesis to be tested, …
Intercultural Competencies To Overcome Trauma, Anna Bayard-Richez, Patrick Denoux, Julien Teyssier
Intercultural Competencies To Overcome Trauma, Anna Bayard-Richez, Patrick Denoux, Julien Teyssier
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
This research aims to implement a set of questions linked to two theoretical approaches: French intercultural psychology, in terms of culture contact psychology, and intercultural clinical psychology of trauma. We examine the alleviation of trauma from the development of intercultural competencies involved in cultural contacts. We advance the hypothesis of a link between the development of intercultural skills and the reduction of trauma. We contend that these two concepts are connected through creative resolution strategies and that people confront a traumatic situation that doesn’t make sense, whether from a perpetrator or from another culture encounter. In our first set of …
When Arab Girls Break The Rules: A Qualitative Study, Camelia Ibrahim-Nassar
When Arab Girls Break The Rules: A Qualitative Study, Camelia Ibrahim-Nassar
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Much has been written about the social control of Arab girls as one of the parental practices in a collective culture. Most girls are subject to strict rules and modesty codes and only a few dare to confront their culture by breaking the rules and engaging in risky unacceptable behavior. In this study, we interviewed eight such girls to examine why, when, and how they defied acceptable social norms and the consequences they suffered. Interestingly, the experience of risk taking yielded narratives that revealed a search for personal, social, and gender identity and highlighted the effect of the strictness of …
How Does Income Inequality Get Under The Skin? The Mediating Role Of Perceived Age Discrimination In The Inequality- Health Nexus For Older And Younger People, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Sibila Marques, Maria Luísa Lima, Dominic Abrams, Hannah Swift, Christopher Bratt
How Does Income Inequality Get Under The Skin? The Mediating Role Of Perceived Age Discrimination In The Inequality- Health Nexus For Older And Younger People, Christin-Melanie Vauclair, Sibila Marques, Maria Luísa Lima, Dominic Abrams, Hannah Swift, Christopher Bratt
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The relative income hypothesis predicts poorer health in societies with greater income inequality, yet the psychological mechanisms that explain this association are not clear to date. This study tests the hypothesis that perceived age discrimination acts as a mediator in the inequality-health nexus for people who categorize themselves as old. It is expected that the detrimental mediating effect of perceived age discrimination does not occur for those who categorize themselves as young, since their low status is only temporary until they move to the higher status middle-aged group. A cross-sectional multilevel analysis of the 2008/09 European Social Survey (ESS, Round …
Attitude Toward Multiculturalism: Majority In The Minority Perspective, Elke Murdock, Dieter Ferrings
Attitude Toward Multiculturalism: Majority In The Minority Perspective, Elke Murdock, Dieter Ferrings
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Even within a globalizing world, Luxembourg takes an exceptional position with a foreign population of 44%. In the capital of Luxembourg, home to one-fifth of the country’s population, native members make up only 33% of the population. Outwardly the cosmopolitan diversity is praised, but how does the native population, which finds itself in the minority in its own capital, perceive this increasingly plural composition of society? To investigate this specific “majority-as-minority” perspective, we conducted a quantitative study within a Luxembourg employer (N = 507) with a large native-born workforce. We examined the endorsement of multiculturalism with an adapted version of …
(De)Constructing Multiculturalism: A Discourse Analysis Of Immigration And Refugee System In Canadian Media, Kim H. Chuong, Saba Safdat
(De)Constructing Multiculturalism: A Discourse Analysis Of Immigration And Refugee System In Canadian Media, Kim H. Chuong, Saba Safdat
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
A succession of policy changes to the immigration and refugee system has been made in Canada in recent years by the Conservative federal government. Since most people’s understandings about immigration issues come from exposure to the news, the media have an important role in producing and reproducing prevalent public opinions to support and legitimize, or criticize, social and political actions. The present study examines how the immigration and refugee policy changes have been represented in mainstream print media and provides an important interface between recent political decision-making and society with regard to immigration issues. In our analysis, we demonstrate that …
Who I Am Depends On Where I Am: The Impact Of A Sojourn On Home And Host Country Identity, Regina Arant, Thomas Kühn, Klaus Boehnke
Who I Am Depends On Where I Am: The Impact Of A Sojourn On Home And Host Country Identity, Regina Arant, Thomas Kühn, Klaus Boehnke
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Acculturation research convincingly demonstrates that moving to a foreign country may not only cause adaptive changes in an individual’s home country identity but may as well initiate the identification with the receiving society. Nevertheless, the knowledge on how identity formation is influenced by the migration process itself and in how far it may differ for temporary migrants, such as sojourners, is still fragmented. Therefore, this paper aims at extending the existing research by applying a longitudinal mixed methods approach; 176 German high school students were surveyed before, during and after spending one year in the US. Analyses reveal that, in …
Determinants Of Social Prejudice And Factors Influencing Perception Of Immigrant Groups In Georgia, Medea Despotashvili
Determinants Of Social Prejudice And Factors Influencing Perception Of Immigrant Groups In Georgia, Medea Despotashvili
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Outgroup perception and prejudice as well as researched social cognition processes, still provide new perspectives of analysis. Social Dominance Orientation (SDO) and Right Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) constructs are proved to moderate prejudice formation. Our research aimed to look at these processes in specifically Georgian context. We duplicated experimental procedure offered by Duckitt and Sibley (2009), to look at the relationship between prejudice formation and RWA / SDO in different experimental conditions. Our data enabled to analyze this relationship in terms of overall social processes, where challenges facing particular groups of people (like generation in our case) can make certain qualities …
Haidawood: A Social Media Approach To Indigenous Language Revitalization, Kenneth Rajan Leslie
Haidawood: A Social Media Approach To Indigenous Language Revitalization, Kenneth Rajan Leslie
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
British Columbia is home to 34 different Indigenous languages, most of which are in danger of losing fluency due to the combined effects of introduced diseases and assimilationist Indian Residential Schools. The Haida language, or Xaad Kil (pronounced “haad kill”), is considered critically endangered with only 9 elderly fluent speakers left. Many Haida believe that revitalizing Xaad Kil is important for keeping their culture alive: they see Xaad Kil as a cultural keystone that keeps worldview, artistic expression, food gathering, dances, stories, and songs integrated together as a unified whole. Xaad Kil also helps assert Aboriginal land rights: identification of …
Toward The Theoretical Constructs Of East Asian Cultural Psychology, Weijun Ma, Rui Feng, Rui Hu, Juzhe Xi, Edward Fox, Xia Ding
Toward The Theoretical Constructs Of East Asian Cultural Psychology, Weijun Ma, Rui Feng, Rui Hu, Juzhe Xi, Edward Fox, Xia Ding
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The core values of traditional Chinese Confucian culture such as “five virtues”, “five cardinal relationships”, and the thought of “golden mean” exert significant influence on East Asian culture, including Chinese, Japanese, and Korean cultures. In recent years, with the rapid development of the studies of cultural psychology in East Asian cultural circles, it is necessary to conduct the theoretical constructs to integrate the common psychological characteristics in East Asian cultural circle. The theoretical constructs of East Asian Cultural Psychology regard the impacts of traditional Confucian culture on East Asian culture and the individual as its core, and focus on self-construal, …
Why Do Cultural Differences So Often Trump Cross-Cultural Invariance?, Ype H. Poortinga
Why Do Cultural Differences So Often Trump Cross-Cultural Invariance?, Ype H. Poortinga
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
In this roundtable discussion I will advocate balancing psychological invariance and cultural variation. There are large and evident differences between the behavior repertoires of human groups. Cross-cultural researchers have endeavored to explain such differences in terms of broad and inclusive sociocultural dimensions, styles and traits. Among other contributions to this roundtable, I will argue that psychological patterning of cross-cultural differences is much less coherent than our literature tends to suggest. Admittedly, this is a serious challenge; if correct, it implies that cross-cultural psychology tends to engage in cultural stereotyping.
Culture + Behaviour + Comparison = Cross-Cultural Psychology, John W. Berry
Culture + Behaviour + Comparison = Cross-Cultural Psychology, John W. Berry
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
For many years I have advocated the view that cross-cultural psychology should have the following characteristics: it begins with an ethnographic search to select those settings that may provide the cultural and ecological contexts that are theoretically-relevant to the development of the particular behaviour of interest; this is followed by advancing hypotheses that link the context to the behaviour; then fieldwork is undertaken to further examine these cultural attributes, and to carry out the assessment of the behaviour of individuals. These activities are carried out across contexts for three reasons: (i) in order to gain sufficient variation in the cultural …
From Diversity To Systematic Patterns And Integrative Syntheses: A Journey In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Cigdem Kagitcibasi
From Diversity To Systematic Patterns And Integrative Syntheses: A Journey In Cross-Cultural Psychology, Cigdem Kagitcibasi
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The evolution of cross-cultural psychology started with studies of differences, advanced to examining systematic patterns and currently is involved with possible Integrative syntheses. The beginnings of cross-cultural psychology, closely allied with anthropology, involved European and North American scientists’ search for human differences in “exotic” places. With the internationalization of the field, research is now carried out mostly in contemporary societies. With large comparative data sets systematic patterns are revealed, for example in values. The next step, which may have already started, is likely to integrate cultural differences with similarities adaptive to increasingly similar urban life styles. Such syntheses promise to …
Subjective Well-Being From The Perspective Of Self-Compassion In Adolescents, Annisa Reginasart, Uly Gusniarti
Subjective Well-Being From The Perspective Of Self-Compassion In Adolescents, Annisa Reginasart, Uly Gusniarti
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
The aims of this study was to determine the relationship between self-compassion and subjective well-being in adolescents. The proposed hypothesis is that higher self-compassion correlates with higher subjective well-being. Boy and girl adolescent students (ages14 to 20 years old) were the subject of research as students. Data are collected using the scale on terms of the scale -compassion theory suggested by Neff (2012) and subjective well-being adapted from Diener (1984). Data were analyzed with the using Pearson Product-Moment analysis. Results showed that self-compassion is positively correlated with subjective well-being with the value of (r =0.487; p = 0.000 [ …
Culture Display Rules Of Smiling And Personal Well-Being: Mutually Reinforcing Or Compensatory Phenomena? Polish - Canadian Comparisons, Daniela Hekiert, Saba Safdar, Pawel Boski, Kuba Krys, J Rees Lewis
Culture Display Rules Of Smiling And Personal Well-Being: Mutually Reinforcing Or Compensatory Phenomena? Polish - Canadian Comparisons, Daniela Hekiert, Saba Safdar, Pawel Boski, Kuba Krys, J Rees Lewis
Papers from the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology Conferences
Cultures vary in terms of emotional display rules, which include the expression of satisfaction and dissatisfaction. In Poland there is a norm of negativity, deriving from a culture of complaining (Wojciszke & Baryła, 2005), whereas in Canada, there is a tendency to express happiness (Safdar, Friedlmeier, Matsumoto, Yoo, Kwantes, Kakai, & Shigemasu, E., 2009). In the present research project, norms and values regarding smiling in public situations, norms regarding the affirmation of life and complaining, as well as individual measures of optimism (LOT-R) and well-being (SWLS) were measured among Poles and Canadians. The results showed that the cultural display rules …