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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Athletic performance (1)
- Averaging across subjects (1)
- Belief change (1)
- Beliefs (1)
- Comprehension (1)
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- Deliberate practice model of expertise (1)
- Display (1)
- Evolutionary psychology (1)
- Expertise (1)
- Factorial design (1)
- G Theory (1)
- Individual differences (1)
- Inferring cognitive processes (1)
- Metacognition (1)
- Person x Situation (1)
- PxS (1)
- RRT (1)
- Recollection (1)
- Running (1)
- SFT (1)
- SRM (1)
- Sports (1)
- Sprinting (1)
- Talent (1)
- Training (1)
- Within-person variation (1)
Articles 1 - 6 of 6
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Poor Metacognitive Awareness Of Belief Change, Michael Wolfe, Todd J. Williams
Poor Metacognitive Awareness Of Belief Change, Michael Wolfe, Todd J. Williams
Funded Articles
When people change beliefs as a result of reading a text, are they aware of these changes? This question was examined for beliefs about spanking as an effective means of discipline. In two experiments, subjects reported beliefs about spanking effectiveness during a prescreening session. In a subsequent experimental session, subjects read a one-sided text that advocated a belief consistent or inconsistent position on the topic. After reading, subjects reported their current beliefs and attempted to recollect their initial beliefs. Subjects reading a belief inconsistent text were more likely to change their beliefs than those who read a belief consistent text. …
Marking Stress Explicitly In Written English Fosters Rhythm In The Reader’S Inner Voice, Jennifer Gross, Bo Winegard, Andrea Plotkowski
Marking Stress Explicitly In Written English Fosters Rhythm In The Reader’S Inner Voice, Jennifer Gross, Bo Winegard, Andrea Plotkowski
Funded Articles
Spoken English has a stress-alternating rhythm that is not marked in its orthography. In two experiments, the authors evaluated whether stylistic alterations to print that marked stress pulses fostered the rendering of rhythm (experiment 1) and stress (experiment 2) during silent reading. In experiment 1, silent readers rated the helpfulness of the stylistic alterations appearing in the last line of poems. In experiment 2, silent readers rated the helpfulness of the stylistic alterations appearing in heteronyms embedded in prose. As predicted by linguistic theories, when the stylistic alterations mapped onto the rhythmic pulses of the poems, and the lexically stressed …
Nor-Bni Antagonism Of Kappa Opioid Agonist-Induced Reinstatement Of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior, Erin Harshberger, Emily A. Gilson, Kelli Gillett, Jasmine H. Stone, Laila El Amrani, Glenn Valdez
Nor-Bni Antagonism Of Kappa Opioid Agonist-Induced Reinstatement Of Ethanol-Seeking Behavior, Erin Harshberger, Emily A. Gilson, Kelli Gillett, Jasmine H. Stone, Laila El Amrani, Glenn Valdez
Funded Articles
Recent work suggests that the dynorphin (DYN)/kappa opioid receptor (KOR) system may be a key mediator in the behavioral effects of alcohol. The objective of the present study was to examine the ability of the KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (norBNI) to attenuate relapse to ethanol seeking due to priming injections of the KOR agonist U50,488 at time points consistent with KOR selectivity. Male Wistar rats were trained to self-administer a 10% ethanol solution, and then responding was extinguished. Following extinction, rats were injected with U50,488 (0.1–10 mg/kg, i.p.) or saline and were tested for the reinstatement of ethanol seeking. Next, the …
Understanding The Pxs Aspect Of Within-Person Variation: A Variance Partitioning Approach, Brian Lakey
Understanding The Pxs Aspect Of Within-Person Variation: A Variance Partitioning Approach, Brian Lakey
Funded Articles
This article reviews a variance partitioning approach to within-person variation based on Generalizability (G) Theory and the Social Relations Model (SRM). The approach conceptualizes an important part of within-person variation as Person x Situation (PxS) interactions: differences among persons in their profiles of responses across the same situations. The approach provided the first quantitative method for capturing within-person variation and demonstrated very large PxS effects for a wide range of constructs. These include anxiety, five-factor personality traits, perceived social support, leadership, and task performance. Although PxS effects are commonly very large, conceptual and analytic obstacles have thwarted consistent progress. For …
Double Jeopardy In Inferring Cognitive Processes, Mario Fific
Double Jeopardy In Inferring Cognitive Processes, Mario Fific
Funded Articles
Inferences we make about underlying cognitive processes can be jeopardized in two ways due to problematic forms of aggregation. First, averaging across individuals is typically considered a very useful tool for removing random variability. The threat is that averaging across subjects leads to averaging across different cognitive strategies, thus harming our inferences. The second threat comes from the construction of inadequate research designs possessing a low diagnostic accuracy of cognitive processes. For that reason we introduced the systems factorial technology (SFT), which has primarily been designed to make inferences about underlying processing order (serial, parallel, coactive), stopping rule (terminating, exhaustive), …
You Can’T Teach Speed: Sprinters Falsify The Deliberate Practice Model Of Expertise, Michael P. Lombardo, Robert O. Deaner
You Can’T Teach Speed: Sprinters Falsify The Deliberate Practice Model Of Expertise, Michael P. Lombardo, Robert O. Deaner
Funded Articles
Many scientists agree that expertise requires both innate talent and proper training. Nevertheless, the highly influential deliberate practice model (DPM) of expertise holds that talent does not exist or makes a negligible contribution to performance. It predicts that initial performance will be unrelated to achieving expertise and that 10 years of deliberate practice is necessary.We tested these predictions in the domain of sprinting. In Studies 1 and 2 we reviewed biographies of 15 Olympic champions and the 20 fastest American men in U.S. history. In all documented cases, sprinters were exceptional prior to initiating training, and most reached world class …