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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Potential Applications Of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri) To Organizational Research: A Primer And Sample Study, Allen I. Huffcutt, Wen-Ching Liu, Lori A. Russell-Chapin
Potential Applications Of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Fmri) To Organizational Research: A Primer And Sample Study, Allen I. Huffcutt, Wen-Ching Liu, Lori A. Russell-Chapin
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
The first purpose of this manuscript is to provide a primer for organizational researchers on both fMRI and brain physiology because few are likely to have encountered an in-depth treatment of either previously. The second purpose is to present the results of an actual fMRI study on an organizational topic (structured employment interviews) as a sample to help illustrate the potential of this type of research. Results of the sample study enhanced understanding of the brain processes behind responding to situational (SI) and behavior description (BDI) interviews, and offered several promising directions for follow-up research. To illustrate the latter, there …
Influence Of Vocal And Verbal Cues On Ratings Of Interview Anxiety And Interview Performance, Ryan O. Miller, Brianne L. Gayfer, Deborah M. Powell
Influence Of Vocal And Verbal Cues On Ratings Of Interview Anxiety And Interview Performance, Ryan O. Miller, Brianne L. Gayfer, Deborah M. Powell
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
In two studies, we examined the effect of the presence (versus absence) of vocal cues on judges’ ratings of interview anxiety and interview performance. In Study 1, we designed an experiment in which participants rated either a high-anxiety candidate or a low-anxiety candidate and were exposed to either an audio version of the interview or a text-only version. In Study 2, we added a third condition—a text-only version with filler words (um and ah) cleaned out. In two online studies (n = 72 and n = 411), we found that the high-anxiety interviewee was rated higher on observer-rated anxiety and …
Why Does The Public Sector Resist Unproctored Internet Testing?, Sami Nesnidol, Scott Highhouse
Why Does The Public Sector Resist Unproctored Internet Testing?, Sami Nesnidol, Scott Highhouse
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Two studies examine public-sector practitioners’ concerns about unproctored Internet testing (UIT) for preemployment tests. Study 1 compared public- and private-sector practitioners (n = 66) on possible barriers to UIT adoption (i.e., lack of diffusion, measurement concerns, legal risk, and costs of implementation). Results showed that public-sector practitioners were far less favorably disposed toward implementation of UIT and were more concerned about lack of diffusion, measurement issues, and costs of implementation. Study 2 utilized a policy-capturing design to examine the factors public-sector practitioners consider most important when making simulated decisions about UIT adoption (n = 33). Of the factors examined, test …
A Meta-Analysis Of Hiring Discrimination Against Muslims And Arabs, Timothy Bartkoski, Ellen Lynch, Chelsea Witt, Cort Rudolph
A Meta-Analysis Of Hiring Discrimination Against Muslims And Arabs, Timothy Bartkoski, Ellen Lynch, Chelsea Witt, Cort Rudolph
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Muslim and Arab individuals are discriminated against in almost all domains. Recently, there has been a focus on examining the treatment of these groups in the work setting. Despite the great number of primary studies examining this issue, there has not yet been a quantitative review of the research literature. To fill this gap, this meta-analysis examined the presence and magnitude of hiring discrimination against Muslim and Arab individuals. Using 46 independent effect sizes from 26 sources, we found evidence of discrimination against Muslim and Arab people in employment judgments, behaviors, and decisions across multiple countries. Moderator analyses revealed that …
Jonestown: The Psychological Massacre, Alexis A. Wiles
Jonestown: The Psychological Massacre, Alexis A. Wiles
WRIT: Journal of First-Year Writing
Jim Jones was the leader of the Peoples Temple and led the organization to many places. Jim Jones used psychological tactics in order for them to do what he wanted. With those psychological tactics, he got many of their personal belongings, time, and in the end their lives.
Modeling Initial Participation Of Diverse Communities In Competitive Swimming, Dane W. Wolfrom, Emily J. Murray, Angela M. Dominguez
Modeling Initial Participation Of Diverse Communities In Competitive Swimming, Dane W. Wolfrom, Emily J. Murray, Angela M. Dominguez
International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education
This research note introduces the Initial Participation Model, which theorizes continued participation in a activity or group before individuals make commitment is a function of: enjoyment, feeling of inclusion, and/or involvement opportunities. The specific focus of this research is investigating how deficiency in enjoyment, feeling of inclusion, and involvement opportunities may discourage continuing participation in competitive swimming by underrepresented populations such as African American, Black, Hispanic, Latino, Native American, Pacific Islander and low-socioeconomic communities. Details explain how initial participation differs from other sport stages by emphasizing participation; relating to program instead of sport; and resetting each time an individual joins …
Spiritual Struggles Among Atheists: Links To Psychological Distress And Well-Being, Aaron E. Sedlar, Nick Stauner, Kenneth A. Pargament, Julie J. Exline, Joshua B. Grubbs, David F. Bradley
Spiritual Struggles Among Atheists: Links To Psychological Distress And Well-Being, Aaron E. Sedlar, Nick Stauner, Kenneth A. Pargament, Julie J. Exline, Joshua B. Grubbs, David F. Bradley
Psychology Faculty Publications
Religious and spiritual struggles (R/S struggles)—tension or conflicts regarding religious or spiritual matters—have been robustly linked to greater psychological distress and lower well-being. Most research in this area has relied on samples consisting predominantly of participants who believe in god(s). Limited research has examined R/S struggles among atheists, generally conflating them with agnostics and other nontheists. This study investigated the prevalence of R/S struggles among atheists and compared atheists to theists in two samples (3978 undergraduates, 1048 Internet workers). Results of a multilevel model showed that atheists experience less demonic, doubt, divine, moral, and overall R/S struggles than theists, but …
Perceived Stress And Cognitive Functions Among Chinese Older Adults: The Moderating Role Of Health Status, Yiwei Chen, Jiaxi Wang, Ying Liang, Fei Sun, Xinqi Dong
Perceived Stress And Cognitive Functions Among Chinese Older Adults: The Moderating Role Of Health Status, Yiwei Chen, Jiaxi Wang, Ying Liang, Fei Sun, Xinqi Dong
Psychology Faculty Publications
Objective: The primary purposes of the present study are 1) to investigate the stress-cognition relationship among U.S. Chinese older adults; and 2) to examine the moderating role of health status on the stress-cognition relationship. Method: Data were drawn from the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE), which investigated 3,159 Chinese adults over 60 years old living in Chicago. Participants reported health status and completed the Chinese Perceived Stress Scale. Cognitive functions were measured by the East Boston Memory Test, the Digit Span Backwards, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, and Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination. Results: Controlling for age, sex, …
Morning Flight Behavior Of Nocturnally Migrating Birds Along The Western Basin Of Lake Erie, Paul Tuck, David Gesicki, Verner Bingman
Morning Flight Behavior Of Nocturnally Migrating Birds Along The Western Basin Of Lake Erie, Paul Tuck, David Gesicki, Verner Bingman
Psychology Faculty Publications
Many species of birds that normally migrate during the night have been observed engaging in so‐called morning flights during the early morning. The results of previous studies have supported the hypothesis that one function of morning flights is to compensate for wind drift that birds experienced during the night. Our objective was to further explore this hypothesis in a unique geographic context. We determined the orientation of morning flights along the southern shore of Lake Erie's western basin during the spring migrations of 2016 and 2017. This orientation was then compared to the observed orientation of nocturnal migration. Additionally, the …
Literature Review And Proposal: Yoga As Group Exercise Involving Oxytocin Release For Positive Mood Improvement, Rachel Fenton
Literature Review And Proposal: Yoga As Group Exercise Involving Oxytocin Release For Positive Mood Improvement, Rachel Fenton
Honors Projects
A literature review discusses yoga and health involving oxytocin creates the premise for a proposal combining the knowledge of yoga and its health benefits along with oxytocin's potential involvement during group exercise, yoga specifically. The proposed study's results of oxytocin measures and questionnaires have the potential to develop an understanding of the possible impacts of yoga on mood, particularly relationships between group exercise and yoga, which may help develop forms of group exercise or implement group yoga to assist or replace treatment for stress-caused or stress-related disorders.
Physical Therapy Review Of Best Practices Based On Psychology, Bethany Painter
Physical Therapy Review Of Best Practices Based On Psychology, Bethany Painter
Honors Projects
Physical therapy is a field that is growing and changing constantly. For so long, it was assumed that physical healing should be the sole focus of physical therapy. While this is an important aspect of the rehabilitation process, there is so much more to it than that. The psychological trauma a person may experience following an injury can be just as challenging, if not more challenging to overcome than the physical repercussions of the injury. For this reason, it is important to take psychological healing into consideration, as well as physical healing when creating best practices for physical therapists. The …
Special Issue - Call For Papers: Applications Of Judgment And Decision Making To Problems In Personnel Assessment, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson
Special Issue - Call For Papers: Applications Of Judgment And Decision Making To Problems In Personnel Assessment, Edgar E. Kausel, Alexander T. Jackson
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
No abstract provided.
Content Of Qualitative Feedback Provided During Structured, Confidential Reference Checks, Cynthia A. Hedricks, Disha Rupayana, Leigh Puchalski, Chet Robie
Content Of Qualitative Feedback Provided During Structured, Confidential Reference Checks, Cynthia A. Hedricks, Disha Rupayana, Leigh Puchalski, Chet Robie
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
The present study used text analytics software to examine the unstructured (or qualitative) data provided by job references during confidential, multi-rater reference checks. With respect to both work-related strengths and areas of improvement, job references more frequently provided words or short phrases relating to “soft skills” such as working with others and communication as opposed to “hard skills” such as computer programming or mathematics. While some commonalities across jobs were found to exist, the frequency of identified categories for both work-related strengths and areas of improvement did differ across jobs.
Investigating Three Approaches Of Using Personality To Predict Competency-Based Performance, Blaine Gaddis, Brandon Ferrell
Investigating Three Approaches Of Using Personality To Predict Competency-Based Performance, Blaine Gaddis, Brandon Ferrell
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Organizations often use competencies to drive human capital initiatives such as recruitment, selection, training, and promotion. To serve such organizations, practitioners now offer various competency-based research solutions incorporating personality assessments to predict these competencies. Each approach begins by mapping competencies from an organization’s model to scientific models backed by synthetic and content validity evidence to align personality dimensions with each competency. This helps determine which personality dimensions drive performance for each competency. In this paper, we compare scale-based profiles, subscale-based algorithms, and scale-based algorithms to investigate the consistency of scores across methods and how effective each method is in predicting …
Critical Analytic Thinking Skills: Do They Predict Job-Related Task Performance Above And Beyond General Intelligence?, Sara Beth Elson, Robert Hartman, Adam Beatty, Matthew Trippe, Kerry Buckley, John Bornmann, Elaine Bochniewicz, Mark Lehner, Liliya Korenovska, Jessica Lee, Les Servi, Alison Dingwall, Paul E. Lehner, Maurita Soltis, Mark Brown, Brandon Beltz, Amber Sprenger
Critical Analytic Thinking Skills: Do They Predict Job-Related Task Performance Above And Beyond General Intelligence?, Sara Beth Elson, Robert Hartman, Adam Beatty, Matthew Trippe, Kerry Buckley, John Bornmann, Elaine Bochniewicz, Mark Lehner, Liliya Korenovska, Jessica Lee, Les Servi, Alison Dingwall, Paul E. Lehner, Maurita Soltis, Mark Brown, Brandon Beltz, Amber Sprenger
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
Employers and government leaders have called attention to the need for critical thinking skills in the workforce, while business trends toward evidence-based decision making also highlight the increasing importance of the critical thinking skill set. Although studies have examined the relationship of critical thinking to behaviors or job performance, many have missed a key component: incremental predictive validity of critical thinking beyond cognitive ability. The current study defines critical thinking, presents results from a test development effort in which the conceptual definition was operationalized as a measure of critical analytical thinking skills for government analysts, and presents results of a …
Creating Test Score Bands For Assessments Involving Ratings Using A Generalizability Theory Approach To Reliability Estimation, Charles Scherbaum, Marcus Dickson, Elliott Larson, Brian Bellenger, Kenneth Yusko, Harold Goldstein
Creating Test Score Bands For Assessments Involving Ratings Using A Generalizability Theory Approach To Reliability Estimation, Charles Scherbaum, Marcus Dickson, Elliott Larson, Brian Bellenger, Kenneth Yusko, Harold Goldstein
Personnel Assessment and Decisions
The selection of a method for estimating the reliability of ratings has considerable implications for the use of assessments in personnel selection. In particular, the accuracy of corrections to validity coefficients for unreliability and test score bands are completely dependent on the correct estimation of the reliability. In this paper, we discuss how generalizability theory can be used to estimate reliability for test score bands with assessments involving ratings. Using selection data from a municipal entity, we demonstrate the use of generalizability theory-based compare the implications of its use in test score banding compared to the traditional approach.
It's Just A Toy, Lauren Strauss
It's Just A Toy, Lauren Strauss
Ray Browne Conference on Cultural and Critical Studies
Each and every one of us experiences gender stereotyping, whether we realize it or not. It is such a simple concept and something people don't tend to think about. Although, from a young age, we are exposed to our parents' and societies' views on gender and the toys we should play with, which then stick around for generations. The color pink and dolls are for girls and trucks and the color blue are for boys, right? Well, not necessarily. Toys are also expressed through the idea that women have to be the stay at home mom and take care of …
How Does Music Connect The Artist And Fans?, Jacob Garringer
How Does Music Connect The Artist And Fans?, Jacob Garringer
Ray Browne Conference on Cultural and Critical Studies
This paper discusses the connection that subcultures and fan-bases of certain musical acts feel with their favorite artists on an emotional and psychological level. Analyzing the lyrical content of rock artists Kurt Cobain, Layne Staley, Chris Cornell, and Chester Bennington, all of which suffered from depression and/or addiction and eventually committed suicide, this paper aims to look at how the lyrics of their songs connect their experiences in real life to their fans who may be suffering the same illnesses, and how they could be seen as a cry for help.
Mental Health & The Modern Educator, Samantha Nousak
Mental Health & The Modern Educator, Samantha Nousak
Honors Projects
Mental health issues are far more prevalent than most are aware; according to the National Institute of Mental Health (2017), 49.5% of 13 to 18-year-olds will qualify for any mental illness. Mental health concerns will impact students in every single classroom, yet curriculum for Education majors does not include more than rudimentary information on this topic. This presentation aims to provide basic facts pertaining to mental health (including incidence rates, educators' responsibilities, and the impact mental health issues can have on students), discuss broad strategies to employ with students with mental health concerns (basic do's and do not's), and provide …