Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Up In The Air: A Human Factors Approach To Enhancing Evtol Passenger Experience, Brandon D. Dreslin, Michael C. Falanga, Juksana Mai Ngam, Alex Chaparro, Barbara S. Chaparro

National Training Aircraft Symposium (NTAS)

Although electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) vehicles are an emerging mode of transportation, current research indicates that the general public may be unwilling to ride in them due to unfamiliarity and uncertainty about their trust in the technology. This research aimed to better understand potential passenger concerns as well as the factors related to eVTOL design and ride journey that contribute to people’s willingness to ride in them. Understanding these human factors considerations are crucial for addressing issues surrounding the end-to-end passenger experience. Passenger safety, comfort, and acceptance were identified as important areas that influence users’ experience. These areas …

Examining Driver Preferences For Intelligent Audiovisual Warnings At Highway-Rail Grade Crossings, Samantha Walker

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Driver noncompliance and poor decision-making are known contributors to highway-rail grade crossing incidents and accidents. Recent advances in intelligent in-vehicle warning systems have provided new opportunities for improved safety at highway-rail grade crossings. Intelligent warning systems that can communicate between connected vehicles and the infrastructure (V2I) have been proposed to improve safety. However, limited human factors research has been conducted regarding how drivers might react to these in-vehicle warnings. This study evaluated driver preferences, use cases, and message design variations for in-vehicle audiovisual warnings for rail crossing warning violations by varying two message factors: message length and whether the message …

A Qualitative Exploration Of The Built Environment As A Key Mechanism Of Safety And Social Cohesion For Youth In High-Violence Communities, Lolita Moss, Kimberly Wu, Amber Tucker, Reanna Durbin-Matrone, Gabriella D. Roude, Samantha Francois, Lisa Richardson, Katherine P. Theall

Psychology

The characteristics of a neighborhood’s built environment may influence health-promoting behaviors, interactions between neighbors, and perceptions of safety. Although some research has reported on how youth in high-violence communities navigate danger, less work has investigated how these youth perceive the built environment, their desires for these spaces, and how these desires relate to their conceptions of safety and perceptions of other residents. To fill this gap, this study used focus group data from 51 youth ages 13–24 living in New Orleans, Louisiana. Four themes were developed using reflexive thematic analysis: community violence is distressing and disruptive, youth use and want …

Outpatient Fall Prevention In Ambulatory Adults 65 Years Old And Over, Dorothy L. Osborne-White

Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) Scholarly Projects

Abstract

Background: In the United States (U.S.), falls are the leading cause of injury among adults 65 and over, resulting in 36 million falls yearly (Moreland et al., 2020). According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2023), one in four older adults experiences a fall each year. Falls are the world's second most prominent cause of accidental deaths (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and non-fatal injuries among older adults (Moreland et al., 2020).

Methods: A quality improvement project that included a fall bundle was implemented in a primary clinic. …

Teaching Children Consent Skills Through The Lens Of Personal Boundaries And Bodily Autonomy, Prerana Atreya

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Sexual violence is a public health and safety problem affecting many children across the United States. One preventative tool the public health department uses to mitigate the high prevalence rates and harm of sexual violence is teaching consent skills to children. Previous research has demonstrated that behavior analytic principles effectively teach other important safety skills (e.g., abduction prevention, gun safety, and poison safety). Thus, it is possible that using behavioral technologies to teach consent skills will show similar effectiveness as teaching safety skills. The current study’s purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of using behavioral skills training (BST), video modeling, …

Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems: Operator Workload And Situation Awareness Utilizing First Person View Techniques, Ross Lucas Stephenson Jr

Doctoral Dissertations and Master's Theses

The small, unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) sector within the aviation industry is experiencing unprecedented growth. However, the regulatory guidance for the safe integration of sUAS into the National Airspace System (NAS) has not kept pace with this technological growth within the market. Current regulatory limitations of line-of-sight operations may have an impact on the establishment of an equivalent level of safety for sUAS operations as maintained by manned aircraft. The focal point of the discussion of line-of-sight operations has been the ability of the sUAS pilot to see and avoid all obstacles and other aircraft in a safe and timely …

Adherence To Covid-19 Safety Guidelines As A Function Of Depression And Anxiety, Derek Berger

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The entire world has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in a multitude of ways. This project aimed to identify if those experiencing depression and anxiety are more likely or less likely to follow mandated guidelines and safety procedures for COVID-19 than those who are undiagnosed. For the purposes of this project, guidelines and safety procedures were defined as receiving the COVID-19 vaccines, wearing a mask, practicing social distancing, and avoiding social gatherings. Data were gathered through the construction and administration of a nationwide survey, and then depression and anxiety were correlated with each safety procedure separately. It was found …

Examining The Relationship Of Race On Students’ Perceptions Of Safety And Concealed Campus Carry On A University Campus, Whitney H. Mascaro

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

Previous literature suggests that students who feel unsafe in their academic settings experience harmful academic, social, and psychological ramifications. With an alarming increase in school shootings, violence, and media coverage, the political discourse surrounding gun violence and strategies to ensure safety on college campuses has become increasingly polarized. States like Texas, Georgia, and Colorado have passed bills allowing students to carry concealed handguns on university campuses. At the time of this study, the state legislature in West Virginia passed a similar bill known as the Campus Self-Defense Act (Senate Bill 246, 2021). College students who identify as Black, Indigenous, People …

The Right Sign For The Right Time: A Look At The Effectiveness Of Different Types Of Signage, Samantha Emily Feldstein

Senior Projects Fall 2023

Warning signs are present in the day to day lives of most individuals. While there has been past research into what makes a warning sign more or less effective, there is still no clear answer as to what the most effective warning sign looks like. This study looks at specifically the words being used on a sign and the sign's color to determine which has a larger impact on the hazard perception of the sign. An online study was conducted in which participants were shown different signs and asked to rate how hazardous of a situation they thought each sign …

An Investigation On The Effects Of Psychological Contract (Pc) Towards Site Safety In The South Indian Construction Industry, M. G. Soundarya Priya, K. S. Anandh, Sathyanarayanan Rajendran, K. N. Sen

Engineering Technologies, Safety, and Construction Faculty Scholarship

The construction sector is India's second-largest industry, contributing to the country's economy and providing many job opportunities. However, construction has been described as a hazardous industry with a high rate of injuries, accidents, and fatalities compared to other sectors worldwide. The "psychological contract of safety (PCS)" is one of the safety climate (SC) variables that influence worker safety behavior (WSB) actions on construction sites to improve safety. This research investigates the influence of SC factors on PCS and PCS on WSB in construction site safety. A quantitative research method has been adopted in this study, and the data is collected …

Effects Of Chronic Stress On Safety Processing And Physiology In The Medial Prefrontal-Amygdala-Basal Forebrain Circuit, Itamar S. Grunfeld

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Chronic stress increases generalization of fear to non-threatening cues, a key symptom in numerous psychiatric mood disorders. However, the mechanisms through which stress impacts safety learning remain poorly understood. To probe the relationship between stress and safety learning, this dissertation employed multiple behaviors, in conjunction with in-vivo multisite physiology during explicit safety and fear discrimination learning. In Chapter 1, I outline the role of chronic stress in driving neurological adaptations that result in generalized fear and highlight how this occurs because of impaired safety cue encoding. In Chapter 2, I show that chronic stress in the form of social defeat …

Designing Respectful Tech: What Is Your Relationship With Technology?, Noreen Y. Whysel

Publications and Research

According to research at the Me2B Alliance, people feel they have a relationship with technology. It’s emotional. It’s embodied. And it’s very personal. We are studying digital relationships to answer questions like “Do people have a relationship with technology?” “What does that relationship feel like?” And “Do people understand the commitments that they are making when they explore, enter into and dissolve these relationships?” There are parallels between messy human relationships and the kinds of relationships that people develop with technology. As with human relationships, we move through states of discovery, commitment and breakup with digital applications as well. Technology …

Human Ergonomic Simulation To Support The Design Of An Exoskeleton For Lashing/De-Lashing Operations Of Containers Cargo, Francesco Longo, Antonio Padovano, Vittorio Solina, Virginia D' Augusta, Stefan Venzl, Roberto Calbi, Michele Bartuni, Ornella Anastasi, Rafael Diaz

VMASC Publications

Lashing and de-lashing operations of containers cargo on board containerships are considered as quite strenuous activities in which operators are required to work continuously over a 6 or 8 hours shift with very limited break. This is mostly because containerships need to leave the port as soon as possible and containers loading and unloading operations must be executed with very high productivity (stay moored in a port is a totally unproductive time for a ship and a loss-making business for a shipping company). Operators performing lashing and de-lashing operations are subjected to intense ergonomic stress and uncomfortable working postures. To …

The Effects Of Cost, Level Of Safety, And Severity Of Injury On Manager Decisions To Implement A Safety Solution, Jonathan M. Hochmuth

Dissertations

Workplace injuries continue to be a source of substantial human and financial costs each year. Behavioral safety processes have been effective in reducing workplace injuries by increasing safety-related behaviors. In recent years, the focus in behavioral safety has shifted towards the role of managers in establishing and maintaining safe behaviors and conditions in the workplace. Understanding how managers make decisions to allocate resources is critical to improving safety. The field of behavioral economics has developed methods for studying decision-making. While there have been calls to apply these methods to occupational safety, there are only two empirical studies which have done …

Integrating Social Justice Practices Into Graduate Training: Collaborating With Stakeholders To Adapt Professional Development In Puerto Rico, Kathryn D. Kurtz, Emily R. Defouw, Marta E. Pagan-Ortiz

International Journal of School Social Work

Treating trauma has become an international social justice concern, with increasing numbers of graduate training programs prioritizing how to conceptualize needs and interventions within a trauma-informed framework. Minimal research and guidelines exist for adapting these trauma-informed practices for the local community context. Additionally, trauma-informed practices often fail to consider ongoing structural issues faced by oppressed communities such as poverty and racism. Social work, psychology, and counseling graduate training programs often rely on a cultural competency framework instead of a social justice framework that addresses racism and Whiteness. During our graduate Counseling and School Psychology training program at the University of …

Sirencide: The Impact Of Acute Stress On Emergency Vehicle Crashes, Dustin Lambert

Dissertations

Emergency services provide an invaluable service to communities and cities around the world. Research has shown these professionals encounter significant acute psychological stress throughout their work shifts. Acute stress has been shown to impact human performance in various realms, from increased risk-taking to cognitive decline. While the actual work varies between firefighters, law enforcement, and emergency medical services, a shared commonality is the operation of emergency vehicles. Emergency vehicle crashes are recognized as a serious issue by FEMA. The current work aimed to measure the impact of acute stress on emergency responders as measured by fatal emergency vehicle crashes in …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Fatigue Pada Masinis Pt. Kereta Api Indonesia Daerah Operasional 3 Cirebon, Citra Amaliyah, Doni Hikmat Hikmat Ramdhan

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

Fatigue is a significant factor regarding safety issues such as transportation incidents and errors. As a part of land transportation, safety has also become an issue in the railway industry. In 6 years, there have been at least 700 extraordinary incidents in the railway industry in Indonesia, including train collisions. From the National Transportation Safety Committee investigation report, it was also found that several cases of train crashes occurred due to train drivers’ fatigue. Therefore, this study aims to determine the level and the factors associated with fatigue in train drivers. This research was conducted in January – June 2021 …

Hubungan Antara Iklim Keselamatan Dengan Perilaku Keselamatan Pada Pekerja Proyek Pln Pusmapro Pst Jateng I, Charisha Kumala, Doni Hikmat Hikmat Ramdhan

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

A safety management system is crucial for the construction industry to effectively manage on-site safety, and its sustainability can be evaluated by analyzing the relationship between safety climate and safety behavior without waiting for accidents to occur. This study aimed to analyze this relationship among 120 workers at the PLN PUSMANPRO PST JATENG I electrical construction project. Using a cross-sectional design, primary data were collected through a Likert scale questionnaire adapted from previous validated studies. The results revealed that the safety climate was predominantly rated as low, and bivariate analysis indicated a positive and moderately strong correlation (P value = …

Dance/Movement Therapy In Response To Continuous Race-Based Trauma, Aliesha Bryan

Dance/Movement Therapy Theses

Trauma is concomitant with a lack of safety; as such, where there is a threat to safety, there is likely to be trauma. Afrodescendants living in the United States, through an ongoing lack of human regard, are often powerless to ensure their safety, and are regularly subjected to continuous, race-based trauma. Racism is deeply embedded in the nation’s institutions as well as in every relationship, and this deeply pervasive and penetrating ideology influences strongly how individuals of any race interact with others. Race-based aggression, from micro- to macro-, has a profound and continuously traumatizing effect on Afrodescendants, with similarly profound …

Understanding Fatigue Within A Collegiate Aviation Program, Flavio Mendonca, Julius Keller, Erik Levin, Aaron Teo

Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was fivefold: to investigate the symptoms that would prompt collegiate aviation pilots perceive they are fatigued; to investigate the time of the day they are most fatigued; to investigate their academic and personal schedules; to investigate the methods collegiate aviation pilots utilize to ensure they are fit to fly; and to investigate whether they have received any academic and/or flight fatigue identification and management training.

Background: Fatigue is a pervasive safety hazard in aviation affecting several aspects of flight crew members’ ability to perform their job. Fatigue in aviation and its consequences has been …

Dimensi Iklim Keselamatan Dan Perbandingan Variabel Di Pt. Xyz Tahun 2021, Venti Novriza, Fatma Lestari

National Journal of Occupational Health and Safety

In the current situation, where the Indonesian government prioritizes high-rise buildings and infrastructure, cement is impacted, and concrete demand is high—event on this pandemic situation PT XYZ as an essential company its’ can continue to business operation. PT XZY commits to safety and health. The study aims to explore the dimension of safety climate and compare variables. The cross-sectional method used by the DK3N questioner was used by previous Safety Climate research. Tabulated data univariate method used by SPSS 25. Result respondent demography by gender 92 % male, 8% female, by age < 40 years 80%, > 40 years 20%, by position officer 21%, management …

Correlation Between Moral Foundations And Students’ Attitudes Toward Concealed Carry Guns On College Campuses, Hengameh Hashemi Toosi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Correlation between Moral Foundations and Students’ Attitudes Toward Concealed Carry Guns on College CampusesAbstract Attitudes towards concealed carry of guns (CCG) on campus are diverse across society and within college and university communities. The purpose of this quantitative study was to investigate possible predictors of college students’ attitudes toward CCG on college campuses. Using the moral foundations theory, it was hypothesized that students’ types of moral foundations, political affiliations, and demographics would predict four dimensions of attitudes toward CCG at their college campuses. The prediction model included gender, race, political affiliation (PA), as well as scores for harm (H), fairness …

Effect Of Short-Storage Hrgcs On Driver Decision Behavior And Safety Concerns: Real-World Analysis And Experimental Evidence, Anne Linja

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Vehicle-train collisions at highway-rail grade crossings (HRGCs) continue to be a safety concern, and despite improvements in warnings, many of these incidents are attributed to human error. In some cases, distractions other than railroad traffic, such as HRGCs with limited space between the railroad tracks and the highway intersection, may create additional cognitive burdens for drivers. We investigated the effect of HRGC type (short-storage vs. non-short storage) on driver attention and decision-making in two studies. In Study 1, we systematically analyzed 996 incidents from 2017-2019 from the Federal Railroad Administration’s Safety database. Driver decision making and outcomes were different depending …

Creating Sanctuary Schools For Students Diagnosed With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Kerri Newton

PCOM Psychology Dissertations

The purpose of this project is to develop a Guidebook for school systems on how to help students diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) feel most safe when they are integrated into and participate in classrooms providing general education. The Sanctuary Model provides a framework that can be applied to school communities to address the unique needs of students diagnosed with autism. As a framework, it can provide these communities with a blueprint of how to encourage participation from students with autism so they too can benefit from learning how to identify not only their feelings but the feelings of …

A Comparison Of Traditional Aggregated Data To A Comprehensive Second-By-Second Data Depiction In Functional Analysis Graphs, Erin Mackelvie

University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations

Functional analyses (FAs) are an important component of treatment and the data gathered from FAs are often graphed in an aggregate or summary format, such as mean rate per session. Given the prevalence of undifferentiated analyses, it may be that this common method of data depiction is incomplete. In this paper, we compare the traditional aggregate method to a comprehensive second-by-second demonstration of the data including all appropriate and inappropriate responses emitted, as well as programmed and accidental antecedent and consequent variables, which may help further clarify the results of a functional analysis. We compared the functional analysis results of …

From Classroom To Industry: Human Factors In Aviation Maintenance Decision-Making, Bettina Mrusek, Stephanie Douglas

Publications

The presence of human factors in aviation remains a critical area of research given the safety implications of human error. Understanding what specific factors contribute to human error allows managers and operators to take steps to mitigate these hazards. Several methods have been tested in the cockpit and cabin crew environments, but less attention has been given to the aviation maintenance sector, despite the prevalence of accidents resulting from human error. With the introduction of AC-172A, the FAA validated the need for additional research and training on the role of human factors in aviation maintenance errors. However, a key component …

Repairer Reporting System User Analysis For Sms Compliance In Aviation Maintenance, Mark D. Miller, Bettina Mrusek

Publications

To resolve the issue of human error in maintenance the REPAIRER reporting system is revisited as it has great potential by combining a human factors analysis with a risk management safety reporting mechanism. It is also timely as a human factors centered safety reporting method like the REPAIRER could now be feasibly implemented through the new mandatory FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) FAR 121 requirement to use SMS (Safety Management System) pillars and through the new FAA MxHF human factors training. With the current FAA support in place and the ever growing need to add human factors to combat human error …

Fatigue Identification And Management In Flight Training Among Collegiate Aviation Pilots, Flavio Mendonca Ph.D., Julius Keller Ph.D., Michael Robertson Ph.D., Matt Romero

Publications

Objective: The purpose of this study was fivefold: to investigate the symptoms that would prompt collegiate aviation pilots perceive they are fatigued; to investigate the time of the day they are most fatigued; to investigate their academic and personal schedules; to investigate the methods collegiate aviation pilots utilize to ensure they are fit to fly; and to investigate whether they have received any academic and/or flight fatigue identification and management training.

Background: Fatigue is a pervasive safety hazard in aviation affecting several aspects of flight crew members’ ability to perform their job. Fatigue in aviation and its consequences has been …

A Comparison Of The Efficacy Of Gutter Pan And Curb Top Placement With A Full Gateway Configuration Of The In-Street Sign On Driver Yielding To Pedestrians, Erik Newton

Masters Theses

Driver yielding behavior at crosswalks directly affects pedestrian safety. In this study we examined whether the placement of the signs in the gutter pan or on top of the curb, while using a full gateway configuration of the in-street sign, influenced the efficacy of the treatment. Data were collected at sites using both in gutter and on top of curb full gateway configurations. The gutter pan configuration resulted in a higher percentage of driver yielding behavior to pedestrians in the crosswalk. The gateway treatment was shown to be more effective in the gutter pan configuration than the curb top configuration …

The Effects Of Performance Feedback On Behavioral Self-Monitoring, Noell Jankowski

Theses and Dissertations

Self-monitoring is a process in which an individual observes and records their own behavior. In the field of behavior analysis, there is limited research on behavioral self-monitoring (BSM) and the components that are necessary to maintain its effects. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to identify effects of implementing a feedback intervention with BSM on participants’ compliance in completing BSM tasks. Participants were three undergraduate students at a southeastern university who self-monitored their own safe driving behaviors in their personal vehicles. The independent variable was the implementation of a feedback intervention and the dependent variable was compliance with …