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Psychology

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2010

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Articles 1 - 30 of 144

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Economics Of Being Young And Poor: How Homeless Youth Survive In Neo-Liberal Times, Jeff Karabanow, Jean Hughes, Jann Ticknor, Sean Kidd, Dorothy Patterson Dec 2010

The Economics Of Being Young And Poor: How Homeless Youth Survive In Neo-Liberal Times, Jeff Karabanow, Jean Hughes, Jann Ticknor, Sean Kidd, Dorothy Patterson

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Based upon in-depth interviews with 34 youth in Halifax and seven service providers in St. John's, Montreal, Hamilton, Toronto, Winnipeg, and Calgary, the findings of this study suggest that labor occurs within a particular street context and street culture. Formal and informal work can be inter-related, and despite the hardships they experience, young people who are homeless or who are at-risk of homelessness can respond to their circumstances with ingenuity, resilience and hope. Often street-involved and homeless young people are straddling formal and informal work economies while mediating layers of external and internal motivations and tensions. The reality is that …

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Out Of The Frying Pan, Into The Fire: Trauma In The Lives Of Homeless Youth Prior To And During Homelessness, John Coates, Sue Mckenzie-Mohr Dec 2010

Out Of The Frying Pan, Into The Fire: Trauma In The Lives Of Homeless Youth Prior To And During Homelessness, John Coates, Sue Mckenzie-Mohr

The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare

Anecdotal evidence from those who work with homeless youth indicates that trauma permeates these young people's lives. This paper presents the findings from a study of 100 homeless youth regarding the presence of trauma in their lives, both before and during homelessness. Participants living in the Maritime Provinces volunteered to take part in a semi-structured interview lasting one to two hours. The interview questionnaire was conducted by a trained interviewer, and was composed of standardized and adapted survey instruments, as well as questions regarding demographics, experiences prior to becoming homeless, assistance received while dealing with stressors, and current needs. The …

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The November 2010 Elections: Verification And Nuclear Weapons Reduction, Ibpp Editor Nov 2010

The November 2010 Elections: Verification And Nuclear Weapons Reduction, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the results of the November 2010 elections in the United States (US), the transition of power between two very different Senates, and US participation in international treaties pertaining to nuclear weapons. Of note, are the roles of and problems with the idea of verification as per modern logical positivism.

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The Yemen Narrative: Cargo Cults And Cargo Security, Ibpp Editor Nov 2010

The Yemen Narrative: Cargo Cults And Cargo Security, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author gives a psychological perspective on the security of aviation cargo shipments.

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In Drag On Drugs, Ibpp Editor Oct 2010

In Drag On Drugs, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

Since commentators generally assert that the war on illegal and illicit drugs has been a failure, we should evaluate the assertion and, then, opine on why there is a war, winnable or not.

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Memory And True Lies, Ibpp Editor Oct 2010

Memory And True Lies, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses the concept of memory, its relation to culture, and three hypothetical phenomena associated with it.

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Giving Foot The Boot: Right Or Wrong?, Ibpp Editor Oct 2010

Giving Foot The Boot: Right Or Wrong?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The article examines philosopher Philippa Foot’s famous conundrum – The Trolley Problem.

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Cybersecurity: Growing Like Topsy!, Ibpp Editor Oct 2010

Cybersecurity: Growing Like Topsy!, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article discusses cybersecurity in an intelligence context – what it is, what it does to us, and the sudden (and somewhat unplanned) increase in financial support for the area.

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Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique Promotes Learning And Corrects Inaccurate First Responses, Michael L. Epstein, Amber D. Lazarus, Tammy B. Calvano, Kelly A. Matthews, Rachel A. Hendel, Beth B. Epstein, Gary M. Brosvic Oct 2010

Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique Promotes Learning And Corrects Inaccurate First Responses, Michael L. Epstein, Amber D. Lazarus, Tammy B. Calvano, Kelly A. Matthews, Rachel A. Hendel, Beth B. Epstein, Gary M. Brosvic

The Psychological Record

Multiple-choice testing procedures that do not provide corrective feedback facilitate neither learning nor retention. In Studies 1 and 2, the performance of participants evaluated with the Immediate Feedback Assessment Technique (IF AT), a testing method providing immediate feedback and enabling participants to answer until correct, was compared to that of participants responding to identical tests with Scantron answer sheets. Performance on initial tests did not differ, but when retested after delays of 1 day or 1 week, participants evaluated with the IF AT demonstrated higher scores and correctly answered more questions that had been initially answered incorrectly than did participants …

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Wilderness Beauty: A Means To Resolve Volitional Doubt, Brian T. Scalise Oct 2010

Wilderness Beauty: A Means To Resolve Volitional Doubt, Brian T. Scalise

Eleutheria: John W. Rawlings School of Divinity Academic Journal

Doubt is often part of Christian spiritual life. Matured doubt will influence the will (the volition) so as to keep the Christian doubter from acting like a Christian or even desiring the Christian life. This essay seeks to construct a theory designed to engage and help resolve volitional doubt by use of wilderness beauty. This theory incorporates three areas of study—Land and Leisure Management, Abraham Maslow’s metamotivation theory, and Jonathan Edwards' aesthetic theology—to demonstrate the uniqueness and usefulness of wilderness beauty for resolving volitional doubt. Subsequent to the construction of the theory, practical suggestions for its application are given.

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"Why Rebottle The Genie?": Capitalizing On Closure In Death Penalty Proceedings, Jody L. Madeira Oct 2010

"Why Rebottle The Genie?": Capitalizing On Closure In Death Penalty Proceedings, Jody L. Madeira

Indiana Law Journal

Closure, though a term with great rhetorical force in the capital punishment context, has to date evaded systematic analysis, instead becoming embroiled in ideological controversy. For victims who have rubbed the rights lamp for years, inclusion in capital proceedings and accompanying closure opportunities are perceived as a force with the potential to grant wishes of peace and finality. Scholars, however, argue for rebottling the closure genie lest closure itself prove false or its pursuit violate a defendant's constitutional rights. In order to effectively appraise the relationship of closure to criminal jurisprudence, however, and thus to decide whether and to what …

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Venus In Furs: Why False Confessions Are True, Ibpp Editor Sep 2010

Venus In Furs: Why False Confessions Are True, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the nature of truth and false confessions in the context of confession and interrogation.

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The Common Factors, Empirically Validated Treatments, And Recovery Models Of Therapeutic Change, Andrew D. Reisner Sep 2010

The Common Factors, Empirically Validated Treatments, And Recovery Models Of Therapeutic Change, Andrew D. Reisner

The Psychological Record

I review the Common Factors Model, the Empirically Validated Therapy Model, and the Recovery Model of therapeutic change and effectiveness. In general, psychotherapy appears to be effective and common factors account for more of the variance than do specific techniques. However, in some areas, particularly in the treatment of anxiety disorders, behavioral and cognitive behavioral therapies may be more effective than other treatments. The Recovery Model is an overarching model of change which can incorporate empirically validated therapies and which makes use of common factors. This model is consistent with empirically supported concepts concerning improvement of mental health but needs …

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The Lost Millennium: Psychology During The Middle Ages, Tracy B. Henley, B Michael Thorne Sep 2010

The Lost Millennium: Psychology During The Middle Ages, Tracy B. Henley, B Michael Thorne

The Psychological Record

The medieval period-roughly the 1,000 years from the classical Greco-Roman age to the Renaissance and modern erahas long been neglected in the history of psychology. Various reasons have been offered for why this period is treated so lightly, for example, that it was a Dark Age, or that it was dominated by antiintellectual Christian thought. This essay challenges such reason ing and, in conjunction with critiquing these obstacles to inquiry, provides a cursory sketch of some of the more interesting figures of this millennium to stimulate psychologists to reconsider this era.

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College Student Generational Status: Similarities, Differences, And Factors In College Adjustment, James B. Hertel Sep 2010

College Student Generational Status: Similarities, Differences, And Factors In College Adjustment, James B. Hertel

The Psychological Record

This study explored similarities and differences between 130 first-year college students classified as first or second generation. Multiple regression analyses and between-group t tests were performed to analyze the data. The study found that firstgeneration students reported significantly less parental income and social adjustment. On-campus friend support predicted overall adjustment better for second-generation students whereas intellectualism predicted better for first-generation students. Selfesteem and on-campus support consistently predicted adjustment for the entire sample. Implications are suggested.

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Analyzing Rumors, Gossip, And Urban Legends Through Their Conversational Properties, Bernard Guerin, Yoshihiko Miyazaki Sep 2010

Analyzing Rumors, Gossip, And Urban Legends Through Their Conversational Properties, Bernard Guerin, Yoshihiko Miyazaki

The Psychological Record

A conversational approach is developed to explain the ubiquitous presence of rumors, urban legends, and gossip as arising from their conversational properties rather than from side effects of cognitive processing or "effort after meaning." It is suggested that the primary function of telling rumors, gossip, and urban legends is not to impart information to the listener or alleviate listener anxiety about the topic but to entertain or keep the listener's attention, thereby enhancing social relationships. In this way, the traditional views of such stories are turned on their head, and an implication is that there is no essential feature of …

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Cognitive Empathy And Emotional Empathy In Human Behavior And Evolution, Adam Smith Sep 2010

Cognitive Empathy And Emotional Empathy In Human Behavior And Evolution, Adam Smith

The Psychological Record

This article presents 7 simple models of the relationship between cognitive empathy (mental perspective taking) and emotional empathy (the vicarious sharing of emotion). I consider behavioral outcomes of the models, arguing that, during human evolution, natural selection may have acted on variation in the relationship between cognitive empathy and emotional empathy resulting in two separable, complementary systems. I predict the existence of 4 empathy disorders using a concept of empathic imbalance. I propose hypotheses about the psychology of autism, antisocial personality disorder, schizoid personality disorder, and Williams syndrome. This approach generates new predictions and integrates some previous theoretical work by …

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The Strange Fruit Of 9/11, Ibpp Editor Sep 2010

The Strange Fruit Of 9/11, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses the 9/11/2001 terrorist attacks and the larger psychological narrative and context of the attacks. Stoicism is considered as a viable response.

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Psychometric Properties Of The Revissed Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale, Mustafa Baloglu, Paul F. Zelhart Sep 2010

Psychometric Properties Of The Revissed Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale, Mustafa Baloglu, Paul F. Zelhart

The Psychological Record

An exploratory factor analysis and several confirmatory analyses were performed to evaluate the factorial structure of the Revised Mathematics Anxiety Rating Scale (RMARS) through the responses of 805 college students. On 559 students’ scores, the instrument’s construct validity was tested through a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and was found to be inadequate. An exploratory factor analysis suggested a modification by dropping five items. After the modification, a second CFA showed that the modified model fit the theoretical model well. Cross-validation of the modified model was tested on a different sample of 246 students and was found to be satisfactory. In …

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American Graffiti: Musings On The Ground Zero Mosque, Ibpp Editor Sep 2010

American Graffiti: Musings On The Ground Zero Mosque, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

The author discusses reactions and parallels to a mosque proposed near the site of the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center in public discourse.

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Etiological And Gender Perspectives Of Anxiety Disorder Development, Erika L. Harrington, Jeffrey S. Danforth, Margaret Letterman Sep 2010

Etiological And Gender Perspectives Of Anxiety Disorder Development, Erika L. Harrington, Jeffrey S. Danforth, Margaret Letterman

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper presents a comprehensive, integrative review of research on the biological, environmental, and cognitive etiology of anxiety. Causes of generalized anxiety disorder, specific and social phobias, panic disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder are discussed, as is the role of gender in anxiety development. Biological research concerning genetic heritability, neurobiological structure, and neurotransmitter functioning are reviewed. Environmental factors such as aversive events, parental interactions, environmental control, and learning are discussed, followed by research on cognitive distortions, attribution style, attention biases, and catastrophic cognitions. The review finds evidence of an interaction between biological, environmental and cognitive variables, as well as a mediating …

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Fostering Empathy In Children: A Literature Review And Proposal, Jennifer L. Hanson Sep 2010

Fostering Empathy In Children: A Literature Review And Proposal, Jennifer L. Hanson

Modern Psychological Studies

Empathy links separate beings together as it enhances interpersonal relationships and motivates justice and prosocial behavior. Therefore, it is beneficial to reflect upon how empathy is first instilled and enhanced, as well as how it is suppressed. With such information, strategies can be devised to foster empathy by means of structured guidance. The experience of empathy involves both cognitive precursors and affective experiences that allow the observer to become involved in the complex, emotional, inner-world of the subject. Moreover the observer's expression of empathy and an individual's feelings of concern for the subject can be prompted or inhibited by a …

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Perceived Racism As A Predictor Of Depression And Cultural Mistrust, Erika L. Harrington, Madeline A. Fugere Sep 2010

Perceived Racism As A Predictor Of Depression And Cultural Mistrust, Erika L. Harrington, Madeline A. Fugere

Modern Psychological Studies

We examined the role of perceived racism as a predictor of depression and cultural mistrust in African American, Hispanic American, Asian American, and Caucasian students. Design: 65 university students of varying racial and ethnic backgrounds completed the Perceived Racism Scale, Beck Depression Inventory second edition, and Cultural Mistrust Inventory-Revised. Results: African Americans experienced the highest levels of perceived racism, followed by Hispanic Americans, Asian Americans, and Caucasians. Higher levels of perceived racism were associated with increased cultural mistrust, while depression and mistrust varied with ethnic background. Further, high perceived racism was associated with increased cultural mistrust for African American and …

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The Effects Of Situational Cues On Inducing Stress, Asma Mahood, Rebecca White Sep 2010

The Effects Of Situational Cues On Inducing Stress, Asma Mahood, Rebecca White

Modern Psychological Studies

The effect of situational cues on inducing and increasing state anxiety was investigated in this research experiment. 132 college students were asked to participate in the experiment. After completing a baseline stress questionnaire, a story was read out loud in three parts to the students about a party that involved underage drinking and other escalating stressors. After each part a short questionnaire was given to measure the impact on stress levels based on self-report. Previous research on the subject was conclusive in finding that presenting situational cues could influence state anxiety. An experiment involving positive and negative written scenarios evidenced …

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Working With Clay Reduces Anxiety Among College Students, Melissa Lindquist, Cynthia Turk Sep 2010

Working With Clay Reduces Anxiety Among College Students, Melissa Lindquist, Cynthia Turk

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the efficacy of an art therapy intervention (working with clay) on reducing anxiety. Forty-eight college students participated in small groups. Participants underwent a brief anxiety induction and were then randomly assigned to work with either a Rubik's cube or clay for 15 minutes. The two anxiety subscales were administered at baseline, after the anxiety induction, and after the intervention. The individuals in the clay condition experienced a significantly greater reduction in anxiety at post-intervention on both measures relative to the control condition. Possible explanations, clinical implications, and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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The Etiology Of Conduct Disorder And Its Relation To Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Literature Review, Lyndsi Maciow, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry Sep 2010

The Etiology Of Conduct Disorder And Its Relation To Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Literature Review, Lyndsi Maciow, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Antisocial behavior enacts a heavy price on both the individual engaged in the behavior and the society in which he or she resides. Research has shown that among a subset of individuals antisocial behavior is fairly stable from childhood through early adulthood. This review article traces the hierarchical development of antisocial behavior from childhood Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) through the adult diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD), with particular emphasis placed upon adolescent Conduct Disorder (CD). Possible environmental etiological factors of CD are discussed, the most notable being familial discord and low socioeconomic status. Potential biological etiological determinants of antisocial …

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Mental Health Intervention And Prevention Of Stategies For Emergency Service Personnel Facing Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Kathryn Cochran, C. Albert Bardi Sep 2010

Mental Health Intervention And Prevention Of Stategies For Emergency Service Personnel Facing Traumatic Stress Symptoms, Kathryn Cochran, C. Albert Bardi

Modern Psychological Studies

Emergency first responders are affected by second-hand exposure to trauma; they put themselves at risk for developing debilitating posttraumatic stress symptoms in the aftermath of a traumatic crisis. Empirical research is reviewed for successful mental health services for civil servants, such as police officers, firemen, and emergency medical technicians recovering from traumatic stress or sustaining a healthy mental state. This review investigates successful mental health intervention for emergency service personnel, such as Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) and Critical Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD),concluding CJSD to be an effective intervention treatment among secondary victims of trauma. Effective traumatic stress prevention strategies …

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Front Matter Sep 2010

Front Matter

Modern Psychological Studies

No abstract provided.

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The Effects Of Caffeinated Vs. Placebo Beverage On Self-Reported Mood State In College Students, Sheena Williams, Jason King, Johnathan Hammersley Sep 2010

The Effects Of Caffeinated Vs. Placebo Beverage On Self-Reported Mood State In College Students, Sheena Williams, Jason King, Johnathan Hammersley

Modern Psychological Studies

Many people rely on caffeine because of its effects. The primary purpose of the current study was to measure the effects of caffeine on current mood state, the effects of caffeine on mood dependent upon time of questionnaire administration, how caffeine and mood interact to impact attention and distraction, and if this varied by gender. A Feeling State Questionnaire (FSQ) was taken by each of the 13 participants throughout the day, before and after the administration of a soft drink containing either caffeine or placebo; furthermore it was a within subjects design meaning that each of the participants received both …

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A Comparison Of The Response Topography Of Steady-State Versus Transient Verps To Global Form And Motion, Sophia Gray Sep 2010

A Comparison Of The Response Topography Of Steady-State Versus Transient Verps To Global Form And Motion, Sophia Gray

Modern Psychological Studies

Neurons in area VI are responsible for visual processing of the local properties of visual array while the lager receptive fields of extra-striate visual areas such as V4 and V.5 serve to process global representations. In adults, transitions in global coherence of both form and motion yield reliable visual event-related potentials (VERPs) with scalp distributions that are topographically distinct. Ten adult students at UCL participated in the current VERP study, which compared steady-state stimuli, which have rapid transitions between coherent and incoherent states, to transient stimuli, which have longer intervals between transitions, for both form and motion. Analysis of VERP …

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