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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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Articles 1 - 30 of 39
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
The Impact Of Insufficient Sleep And Early Class Start Times On U.S. Air Force Academy Cadet Health And Performance, Stephanie Osborn
The Impact Of Insufficient Sleep And Early Class Start Times On U.S. Air Force Academy Cadet Health And Performance, Stephanie Osborn
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Emerging adults face a set of unique obstacles that combine to make getting the recommended 7-9 hours of sleep per night a challenge. Internally, adolescents and young adults have a biologically based tendency to go to sleep and wake up later. Externally, they may participate in scheduled activities that wake them up early or keep them awake late. One primary obligation that can contribute to short sleep duration in students is early class start times. Emerging adults attending a civilian college may benefit from the ability to set their bedtimes and class schedule. However, their same-aged peers attending a military …
The Attraction Of Fear And The Potential Therapeutic Value Of Horror Films, Mari-Peyton Kouchinsky
The Attraction Of Fear And The Potential Therapeutic Value Of Horror Films, Mari-Peyton Kouchinsky
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Cinematic horror has historically had a negative reputation among its peers even though it is a genre that commercially and financially thrives. There are many different perspectives as to what motivates an individual to willingly expose themselves to horror movies, ranging from psychological and metaphorical confrontation with repressed or socially unacceptable behaviors to fulfilling a somatic, thrill-seeking desire. Whatever the motivation, there is potential for harnessing both the psychological and physical reactions for therapeutic intervention. This paper aims to provide counselors with a synthesis of information on the potential therapeutic value of cinematherapy with horror movies, focusing on the relationship …
Item Parameter Recovery With And Without The Use Of Priors, Paulius Satkus, Christine E. Demars
Item Parameter Recovery With And Without The Use Of Priors, Paulius Satkus, Christine E. Demars
Department of Graduate Psychology - Faculty Scholarship
Marginal maximum likelihood (MML), a common estimation method for IRT models, is not inherently a Bayesian procedure. However, due to estimation difficulties, Bayesian priors are often applied to the likelihood when estimating 3PL models, especially with small samples. Little focus has been placed on choosing the priors for MML estimation. In this study, using samples sizes of 1000 or smaller, not using priors often led to extreme, implausible parameter estimates. Applying prior distributions to the c-parameters alleviated the estimation problems with samples of 1000; priors on both the a-parameters and c-parameters were needed for the samples of …
Reimagining Racism: It's More Than Black & White, Morgan E. Gunter
Reimagining Racism: It's More Than Black & White, Morgan E. Gunter
Dissertations, 2020-current
Human beings have a set of core needs and inalienable rights. Implicit to such needs and rights are concepts of potential – to become what we are able to become – and dignity – to be regarded and treated as equal. Clearly, these aspirational tenets are still not realizable for many of our fellow beings, both locally and globally. For example, from the standpoint of this dissertation, racial injustice (e.g., racism, hate crimes, discriminatory laws and policies, genocide) has – historically and currently – led to transgenerational trauma and otherizing within communities that are marginalized at multiple levels of analysis. …
Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review And Analysis Through The Lens Of The Unified Theory, Paulihna S. Cechak
Borderline Personality Disorder: A Review And Analysis Through The Lens Of The Unified Theory, Paulihna S. Cechak
Dissertations, 2020-current
Abstract
In the field of psychology, there are many different ways to understand or make sense of a phenomenon. Researchers, theorists, or practitioners can approach topics via many different paradigms or schools of thought that guide their general understanding, programs of research or approach to therapeutic practice. Although this diversity of analysis affords some strength in terms of allowing many perspectives, it also brings with it a serious problem of fragmentation. With the countless theories and paradigms, we lack a shared language and meta-theoretical framework that assimilates and integrates the various bodies of knowledge and perspectives into a coherent frame …
Exploring Coaches’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Trauma In Sport Success, Elizabeth Sanborn
Exploring Coaches’ Perceptions Of The Role Of Trauma In Sport Success, Elizabeth Sanborn
Dissertations, 2020-current
Recent research examining the antecedents to success in elite sport have led to claims that trauma is necessary to reach the highest levels of sport. Researchers have utilized theories of post-traumatic growth, stress-related growth, and related terms to elucidate the relationship between trauma and sport success, but have been inconsistent in how they define trauma and growth. The purpose of this study was to explore coaches’ perceptions regarding the relationship between trauma and sport success and how their perceptions may influence their coaching behaviors. An interpretivist phenomenological analysis framework was utilized for the study design and analysis. Ten NCAA Division …
Training Needs And Role Development Of School Psychologists Providing Substance Use Interventions: An Exploratory Study, Kiersten Bell
Training Needs And Role Development Of School Psychologists Providing Substance Use Interventions: An Exploratory Study, Kiersten Bell
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Adolescence is the time when many individuals begin to use substances (alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs) in an exploratory manner. This exploration can have lasting impacts upon a student’s neurological development with wide ranging impacts. Adolescents who use substances may experience greater difficulty achieving academically, increased risk for criminality, and comorbid mental health disorders at an elevated rate. Schools are the location where the majority of students receive mental health support, and a location where substance use interventions can occur. School personnel can be trained to conduct Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) interventions to address adolescent substance …
Evaluating Outcomes Of Trauma-Sensitive Trainings In Schools: A Rapid Review, Laëtitia Sakponou
Evaluating Outcomes Of Trauma-Sensitive Trainings In Schools: A Rapid Review, Laëtitia Sakponou
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Trauma-sensitive schools focus on forming supportive relationships and safe spaces which help build resilience in students. School psychologists have been providing professional development opportunities for school personnel. When evaluating a professional development training, collecting data on teacher acceptability is crucial to understanding factors impacting implementation integrity. The present study is a review of existing literature and seeks to understand how teacher feedback is evaluated and what factors teachers report as impacting implementation. Three publications were selected as participants to be analyzed. Synthesized themes found included the importance of providing foundational knowledge, the significant impact of system climate, and the value …
Exploring The Cultural Humility And Practices Of School Psychologists In Virginia, Bailey Brooks
Exploring The Cultural Humility And Practices Of School Psychologists In Virginia, Bailey Brooks
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
This present study investigated the relationship between cultural competency and years of school psychology experience. In addition, this study determined how well school psychologists understand cultural humility. This study aimed to bridge the gap between school psychology research and that of other fields, as well as the paradigm shift from having a cultural competency lens to a cultural humble lens. Results of the present study indicated there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge of appropriate assessments and interventions for racially and ethnically minoritized students and years of experience. Additionally, no statistically significant relationship was found between other sub-domains of …
Am I Black Enough? – Identity And Belongingness Of Second-Generation African Students, Muna Yusuf
Am I Black Enough? – Identity And Belongingness Of Second-Generation African Students, Muna Yusuf
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Over the course of the past few years, research regarding Black students has continued to increase. However, a lot of the research regarding Black students has focused heavily on the experiences and outcomes of African American students. Due to the history in the United States, the term Black has become synonymous with African American, leaving out the experiences of many second-generation African children. This explanatory mixed-methods design study examined second-generation African students’ ethnic identity and sense of belonging within the Black community in their school system. This study also compared reported levels of belongingness in college experiences versus high school. …
Binge-Watching And The Spacing Effect, Michael R. Austin
Binge-Watching And The Spacing Effect, Michael R. Austin
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Binge-watching, defined as consuming at least three episodes or three hours of video media in one sitting, is an increasingly prevalent behavior in the digital age. But scant research exists investigating how binge-watching affects memory for what was watched. Literature surrounding the spacing effect, defined as superior memory for information presented repeatedly across longer spans of time, would predict a memory deficit for binged material. However, findings from previous unpublished research by Fogler and colleagues do not align with this prediction. To investigate the dissonance, the aim of this research is to replicate and extend the work of Fogler and …
Investigating The Self In Self-Report, Samantha L. Boddy
Investigating The Self In Self-Report, Samantha L. Boddy
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Self-report items are ubiquitous in social sciences and services and medical centers. However, there is some concern about whether people are able to accurately report about themselves. One well-known source of concern is social desirability bias (SDB) or socially desirable responding (SDR), which involves people providing overly-positive responses about themselves that better align with social norms than might their actual attitudes or behaviors. However, several researchers (e.g., Brenner & DeLamater, 2016; Hadaway et al., 1998) suggest that a person’s identity in the area of interest may bias their responding. Specifically, that people interpret and respond to items in terms of …
Exploring Perceptions And Needs Of Rural Teachers To Enhance School Psychologists' Advocacy And Support Of Gender And Sexual Minority Students, Emily Walsh
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Gender and Sexual Minority (GSM) students are at a disproportionate risk for victimization in schools. They are especially vulnerable in schools that lack protective policies, have limited access to resources, and exist within conservative and unaccepting communities. These schools may be more common in rural communities. The purpose of the present study was to explore rural teachers’ perceptions of school climate and their readiness and willingness to support GSM students. Recommendations are provided for school psychologists to be able to understand and address their own schools’ needs in providing a positive school climate for GSM students.
Primary Caregivers’ Reports Of Early Literacy Skills And Supporting Children’S Literacy Success Through Home-School Collaboration, Emily A. Smith
Primary Caregivers’ Reports Of Early Literacy Skills And Supporting Children’S Literacy Success Through Home-School Collaboration, Emily A. Smith
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Two kindergarten parents were interviewed about the home literacy environment and effective home-school collaborative practices. Both parents identified as being key contributors to their child’s literacy success through frequently reading to their child, providing access to books within the home, and fostering a sense of learning and reading interest in their child. Both parents gave insights into the communication they have with their child’s teacher and the resources that are provided by the school to support academic or literacy related needs of their kindergarteners. The interest of this study was to obtain the perspectives of kindergarten parents about the current …
A Qualitative Study Of Resiliency Factors Among Gender And Sexual Minority Students In Schools Without Known Protective Factors, Anna Weaver
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Gender and sexual minority (GSM) students are one of the most vulnerable populations in schools today. Current research identifies numerous protective factors known to positively impact students’ overall outcomes. However, it is still common to find schools that do not allow these protective factors to exist. This study seeks to gain a better understanding of the patterns and pathways of resiliency within the GSM community when known environmental protective factors do not exist. Interviews were conducted with five participants who shared their experiences of access to supports in high school. The goal of this study is to document and describe …
Healing Attachment Wounds: Drama Therapy Within An Interpersonal Theoretical Frame As A Group Treatment Modality, Julia Dobner-Pereira
Healing Attachment Wounds: Drama Therapy Within An Interpersonal Theoretical Frame As A Group Treatment Modality, Julia Dobner-Pereira
Dissertations, 2020-current
Drama Therapy is an active and experiential form of psychotherapy that is useful for group and individual therapy with a variety of populations (Dintino & Johnston, 1996; Emunah, 1999; Johnson, 2009; Landy, 1996, 2009; Sajnani, 2010). Often, there is ample work within the therapy process on understanding and shifting interpersonal patterns. Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy (Benjamin, 2006; 2018) offers a set of organizing principles emphasizing how early relationship patterns are copied in present relationships with self and other in order to conceptualize and guide treatment, focusing on in-session processes (Critchfield & Benjamin, 2006). The potential for integrating Drama Therapy and interpersonal …
Relation Between Academic Advisor And Cohort Support With Well-Being In Graduate Students, Morgan Delong
Relation Between Academic Advisor And Cohort Support With Well-Being In Graduate Students, Morgan Delong
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Well-being issues like the limitations of typical treatment protocols and common mitigating factors for mental health problems for graduate students, specifically the importance of therapeutic lifestyle changes (TLCs) were explored. The current study aims to determine if TLCs, individual engagement in the TLCs as well as support of them by mentors and peers, predict overall well-being, satisfaction with the graduate program, and job stress in masters’ students. This study was conducted during COVID-19 which is a limitation.
Virtual Manhood Acts Within Social Networks: The Enactment Of Toxic Masculinity On Reddit, Christian D. Haase
Virtual Manhood Acts Within Social Networks: The Enactment Of Toxic Masculinity On Reddit, Christian D. Haase
Dissertations, 2020-current
Toxic masculinity (TM) has emerged as a label for the western hegemonic masculine ideal, which is generally defined by the pressure for boys and men to be aggressive and dominant, restrict emotional expression, and marginalize women and others that do not adhere to these values (Connell & Messerschmidt, 2005; Kupers, 2005). This phenomenon increases the risk for male identified individuals to engage in general acts of bigotry, especially gender-based violence (APA, 2018; Baugher & Gazmararian, 2015; FBI, 2007; Feder, Levant, & Dean, 2010). A contemporary touchpoint associated with proliferating TM ideologies is participation in online anonymous “toxic technoculture” social network …
Exploring How Interpersonal Childhood Trauma Impacts Emotional Development, Kathleen Hobbs
Exploring How Interpersonal Childhood Trauma Impacts Emotional Development, Kathleen Hobbs
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Our earliest interactions in life lay the foundation of how we relate to ourselves and others throughout adulthood. When a child experiences abuse and neglect that is relational in nature, referred to as interpersonal childhood trauma, research shows that they are at a much higher risk to display emotional difficulties that have been found to contribute to extensive health consequences throughout the lifespan. Less has been documented however regarding exactly how this kind of trauma influences emotional development. The purpose of this paper is to explore the current research that exists on the relationship between interpersonal childhood trauma and emotional …
Examining A Trauma-Based Etiology For Psychosis, David Comer
Examining A Trauma-Based Etiology For Psychosis, David Comer
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Psychosis has been traditionally viewed through a biological lens, resulting in a narrative of the disorder that does not allow room for therapy. By applying a trauma-informed lens, psychosis can now be thought of as a trauma-based developmental disorder. This impacts how we explain the symptoms of these disorders, and how we view them overall. It also has implications for future treatment, advocacy, and research. This paper examines the bio-psycho-social symptoms of psychosis and offers trauma-informed explanations of the symptoms. Implications for Counselors are examined, as are potential limitations of this current line of research.
Effects Of First- And Third-Person Point Of View On The Acquisition Of Behaviors Using Video Modeling, Robert Harper Iii
Effects Of First- And Third-Person Point Of View On The Acquisition Of Behaviors Using Video Modeling, Robert Harper Iii
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Video modeling is an evidence-based practice for teaching behaviors and chains of behaviors to children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The purpose of this study was to determine whether the viewing perspective of these models played a role in influencing a learner’s acquisition of the target behavior or behaviors. An adapted alternating treatments design was used to examine the effects of these different perspectives affected the learning of two similar behavioral chains in a learner with ASD. Video models from both viewing perspectives were provided to the learner with no additional prompting other than brief verbal acknowledgement of a step’s …
Getting Caught-Up In The Process: Does It Really Matter?, Nikole Gregg
Getting Caught-Up In The Process: Does It Really Matter?, Nikole Gregg
Dissertations, 2020-current
Likert items are the most commonly used item-type for measuring attitudes and beliefs. However, responses from Likert items are often plagued with construct-irrelevant variance due to response style behavior. In other words, variability from Likert-item scores can be parsed into: 1) variance pertinent to the construct or trait of interest, and 2) variance irrelevant to the construct or trait of interest. Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT) is an increasingly common modeling approach to parse out information regarding the response style traits and the trait of interest. These MIRT approaches are categorized into threshold-based approaches and response process approaches. An increasingly …
Weight And The Therapeutic Relationship: Implications For Counselors, Emily Shank
Weight And The Therapeutic Relationship: Implications For Counselors, Emily Shank
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Central to the healthcare system in the United States is the belief that weight is an accurate measure of health. This belief, which is the foundation of the Weight Centered Health Paradigm (WCHP), is linked to the proliferation of diets, weight cycling, and weight stigma. However, a growing body of research indicates that higher weight is not necessarily linked to negative health outcomes and that the impact of weight cycling and weight stigma pose far greater risks to health. Counselors and other mental health professionals function within the weight-normative healthcare system in the United States and are faced with the …
Canine-Assisted Therapy: Incorporating Canines Into The Therapeutic Experience, Melissa H. Kee
Canine-Assisted Therapy: Incorporating Canines Into The Therapeutic Experience, Melissa H. Kee
Educational Specialist, 2020-current
Canine-Assisted Therapy (CAT) is a therapeutic practice that has been growing in popularity in recent years but unfortunately has little research to show evidence of effectiveness. This article focuses specifically on the use of canines in therapeutic environments. Use of canines in a therapy setting may be a source of confusion due to the many assistance role that canines can provide, including hearing dogs, mobility assistance dogs, and service dogs. This article provides clarity regarding CAT and includes recommendations for counselors considering the use of dogs in their therapeutic practice.
Social Exclusion And Children’S Detection Of Duchenne Smiles, Paige Fischer
Social Exclusion And Children’S Detection Of Duchenne Smiles, Paige Fischer
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Social exclusion threatens a person’s need to belong and prompts them to behave in ways that often facilitate reaffiliation. For adults, exclusion increases attention to social information and facial cues, including an enhanced identification of Duchenne (genuine) and non-Duchenne (posed) smiles. There is some evidence that experiencing inclusion before or after exclusion can buffer or mitigate the experienced effects of exclusion, respectively. This study investigated whether 6- and 7-year-old children (N = 24) are also sensitive to perceptual changes in smiles following witnessed inclusion and exclusion. Contrary to our predictions, children in our study did not demonstrate improved accuracy …
Identifying Rater Effects For Writing And Critical Thinking: Applying The Many-Facets Rasch Model To The Value Institute, Yelisey A. Shapovalov
Identifying Rater Effects For Writing And Critical Thinking: Applying The Many-Facets Rasch Model To The Value Institute, Yelisey A. Shapovalov
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Performance assessments require examinees to carry out a process or produce a product and can be designed to have high fidelity to real-world application of higher-order skills. As such, performance assessments are highly valued in higher education settings. However, performance assessment is vulnerable to psychometric challenges that threaten the validity of scores due to the subjective nature of the scoring process. Specifically, raters must exercise judgement to provide scores to examinee work, which may be impacted by rater effects, or systematic differences in how raters evaluate performance assessment artifacts. Research has indicated that performance assessment may never be fully free …
Finding Reinforcers: Using Behavior Skills Training Over Telehealth To Instruct Educators To Perform Preference Assessments With Students., Anastasia Yuschak
Finding Reinforcers: Using Behavior Skills Training Over Telehealth To Instruct Educators To Perform Preference Assessments With Students., Anastasia Yuschak
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Future and current educators working with students in an early childhood education setting should use positive reinforcement for their students to increase behaviors. If proper assessment of student preferences is ignored reinforcers used in a classroom will prove to be insufficient. The present research sought to determine the feasibility of using behavioral skill training (BST) over a telehealth platform to teach paired stimulus preference assessments to educators. The feasibility of this platform is evident by the rapid skill acquisition and mastery of two preschool educators who accurately completed the component skill necessary to develop a preferential hierarchy. This paper will …
Voluntary Alcohol Consumption And Sleep Deprivation In Rats, Aesha Khan
Voluntary Alcohol Consumption And Sleep Deprivation In Rats, Aesha Khan
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Alcohol is one of the most common psychoactive drugs and has depressant effects on the central nervous system. The vast majority of research on alcohol and sleep commonly indicates chronic alcohol use has a detrimental impact on sleep architecture and homeostasis. However, less research has been conducted investigating the effects of sleep deprivation on alcohol consumption. Our lab's previous studies have looked at a potential bi-directional relationship between sleep and alcohol with promising results. However, there was concern that the method of sleep deprivation may have resulted in stress. The present study examines the effect of sleep deprivation on voluntary …
The Effect Of Headline Manipulation On Memory And Reasoning, Kathryn R. Hogan
The Effect Of Headline Manipulation On Memory And Reasoning, Kathryn R. Hogan
Masters Theses, 2020-current
Decades of research have examined misinformation and memory. Recently, studies have demonstrated that misleading headlines can influence the reader’s memory and inferential reasoning. The current study examines how accurate and misleading headlines differentially affect readers’ memory and inferential reasoning for news articles. College students (N = 138) read three articles on various topics (e.g., solitary confinement, stem cell research, and wildfires) and then took a test to assess memory and inferences related to the article. Contrary to previous studies, there was not a difference in memory between accurate and misleading headline conditions across article types. The effect of a …
The Effect Of Temporal Discounting And Loss Aversion On Mock Plea Bargain Decision-Making, Anisha Patel
The Effect Of Temporal Discounting And Loss Aversion On Mock Plea Bargain Decision-Making, Anisha Patel
Masters Theses, 2020-current
An overwhelming majority of criminal cases in the United States utilize plea bargaining (90-95%). A plea bargain is an agreement between a criminal defendant and a prosecuting attorney where the defendant agrees to plead guilty, or nolo contendre (no contest), to one or more charges to reduce or drop other charges. The decision to accept a plea bargain must be made by the defendant, so a defendant’s ability to make or communicate competent choices regarding a plea bargain is important. However, defendant decision-making in plea bargaining is not sufficiently prevalent in plea bargaining or decision-making literature. While factors such as …