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International Conference On Political Science, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Can Democratic Subjectivity Be A Way Out Of Recent Crisis Of Democracy? The Case Of Turkey, Erdem Damar

UBT International Conference

Drawing from poststructuralist perspective with a specific emphasis on agonistic democracy, this paper emphasises on the notion of democratic subjectivity as a possible way out of the contemporary crisis of liberal democracy. The two faces of this crisis will be elaborated in the first part. While the crisis of democracy is largely produced by the implementations of conservative, technocratic and capitalist politics that embrace minimalist approaches to democracy by reducing it into a set of rules to govern politics, it also gains visibility to the emergence of a wide range of counter-mobilisations contesting these neoliberal variants. In that respect, post-structuralist …

Elections In Context Of The Covid-19 By The Monitor Of The Blogs In September 2021 In Russia And Aboard, Marmilova Ekaterina Petrovna

UBT International Conference

Covid-19 is part of the topic for blogging. The aim of the article is to identify of changes of organization and conduct of elections in connection with of the COVID-19 pandemic by the monitor of the blogs in September 2021 in Russia and aboard. To write this article, we used monitoring social media Brand24. In September 2021, 18.3% of all election blogs mention Covid-19. The conduct of elections during the COVID-19 period required addressing the wider use of electronic voting and voting by mail. Elections during the COVID-19 period are held with strict measures against COVID-19. Political parties and candidates …

Kosovo's Foreign Policy And Nato Membership: Opportunities And Challenges, Bahri Gashi, Ngadhnjim Brovina

UBT International Conference

The background of this study is related to the strategic orientation of Kosovo, the Euro-Atlantic, respectively the union and integration in political, economic and military organization of North Atlantic. A research question that will be asked, and that we will try to answer in this research is: "What are the opportunities and what are the challenges that Kosovo may have until full membership in NATO?".

A challenge that still remains a concern of societies in transition, especially the Kosovar which is and traumatized in general, taking into the consideration the past of these fragile territories, after the wars in the …

The Gap Between The Legal Framework And Social Order In Addressing Property Rights For Kosovo Women, Hanza Kastrati, Krenare Lika, Riola Morina, Dritero Arifi

UBT International Conference

The primary purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the creation of a gender gap for the right to inherit property. The focus falls on factors such as the legal framework and social norms, where one of these factors has managed to bring stagnation in the social, economic and intellectual development of the entire Kosovo state and mainly appears to affect women to a large extent. A more detailed and in-depth explanation and understanding of why this space is creating and the discrepancy between the legal framework (perfectly drafted) and social norms (terribly wrong) are the …

The Level Of Student Participation In Decision-Making Processes In Kosovo Universities: A Comparative Study Between The University Of Prishtina And The University Of Business And Technology, Blerina Recica, Dea Preniqi, Dritero Arifi

UBT International Conference

During the last decade in the education system of Kosovo, there has been an increase in demands for increased student representation in the decision-making processes of universities. During the last decade, efforts have been made for the concept of joint leadership to be implemented by Kosovar universities (public and private). This can be justified because students are the primary actors influenced by these decisions, and consequently, they should be held accountable for these decisions. To see how effective the work of these bodies has been, this paper aims to analyse research and elaborate at what level is the degree of …

Local Elections In Kosovo, A Set Theoretic Model Of Explanation, Mehdi Sejdiu

UBT International Conference

In the 2014 local elections in Kosovo many mainstream parties lost ‘partisan’ municipalities they have governed for 14 years. This disruptive election exhibited the high electoral volatility in the country, rather than the expected consolidation of the party system. Using the Qualitative Comparative Analysis this paper tests the configurations of conditions under which governing mayors of 2014, gained or lost votes in the subsequent elections in 2017. With the standard analysis we tested the variables of new/old parties, mayor popularity, voter turn-out, kept promises and municipality performances. The findings show that old incumbent parties with bad performance were more likely …

The Political Process Of State Formation Of Kosovo From The Establishment Of The International Protectorate To Independence, Ruzhdi Jashari, Donika Hoti

UBT International Conference

After the signing of the Rambouillet Agreement, NATO bombing began, where the citizens of Kosovo are forced to leave their t The March 2004 riots, which began in the northern part of Mitrovica, after the killing of two Albanian children, led to the burning of some Orthodox churches in some parts of Kosovo by some protesters. Following this situation, the UN Secretary General, Mr. Kofi Annan, charged the Norwegian Mr. Kai Eide for a report, which would reflect the situation in Kosovo.erritory, due to violence from Serbia. This act sent Kosovo to oversee the administration of the United Nations. UN …

Public Diplomacy And The Case Of Kosovo, Ngadhnjim Brovina, Dritero Arifi, Fjollë Nuhiu

UBT International Conference

Diplomacy is the main tool of foreign policy, but not the only. It also depends on the economic and military power of the state. However, diplomacy today in the 21st century has advanced a lot and is divided into several types. In addition to the classical or traditional form, today is known as very effective modern diplomacy, public and digital diplomacy. In this scientific paper as a case study related with public diplomacy, is chosen Kosovo. The main purpose of this paper is related to public diplomacy as a tool of foreign policy and the adaptation of Kosovo;s foreign policy …

International Organizations And World Order, Shpendim Oxha, Fatos Rushiti

UBT International Conference

International organization is a relatively new practice of the functioning of societies around the globe. Both as a practice and as a defined idea, it appears relatively late in history. Although various forms of wider organization of some societies (states) in temporary unions are also noticed in ancient civilizations, yet this is not the essence of this phenomenon in the contemporary meaning of the word. Ancient communities were of a military nature. Unions of some against others were formed for military needs and as soon as wars ended, such unions disbanded. However, the development of capitalism even in modern times …

Covid 19 Recession Through Policymakers Hibrenate Economy Case Study: Kosova, Ardian Uka

UBT International Conference

In the first half of the year 2020 we have witnessed a pandemic spread all over the globe. The harmful impacts of Covid-19 on the health of humans that could end in “death- penalty” were tried to be prevented by locking down almost all businesses/economy expect the medical sector and businesses that offer essential goods and bakery. The lock-down had massive negative effects on the businesses that were effecting therefore global economy is facing a recession. The main aim of this paper is to understand the policymakers’ decision towards the “Covid-19 first era” by tuning economical tools such as lower …

The Importance Of Public Participation In Building Up Democracies In Former Yugoslav States. Case Study: Kosovo And Croatia, Florentina Hajdari Hajra, Dritero Arifi

UBT International Conference

There is a large body of scientific literature in social science and governmental documents which deals with abstract norms and principles for assessing and judging public deliberation and participation. Almost all political scientists agree that public participation enriches democracy by helping to ensure better decision-making and strengthening politicians’ accountability to the people. But, what is the effect of public participation into transforming political systems, and what are the key factors that cause these transformations? These questions remain still unsolved completely. Through this article, the main purpose is to elaborate the effects of public participation on building up democracies (similarities and …

New Eu Methodology And The Accession Of North Macedonia And Albania, Blerim Reka

UBT International Conference

In my paper I will try to explain the new context of EU enlargement and its implication for the Western Balkans Countries within the new EU methodology of 2020. EU integration of the Western Balkans will be different compared with all previous accessions. This new context of enlargement is due to 2 new EU strategic documents: “New Methodology” of Enlargement and “Blueprint action plan for rule of law” of the European Commission. There is a new context of enlargement, where the process is becoming: more gradual, more conditional, more predictable, and reversible. New Methodology launched by EC on 5th February …

International Conference On Political Science, University For Business And Technology - Ubt

UBT International Conference

UBT Annual International Conference is the 9th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make them be aware of the recent …

Multicultural Consolidation Through Consociational De- Mocracy, Xhemail Çupi

UBT International Conference

The consensus in multicultural societies such as North Macedonia

may not be the same as in states with a homogeneous liberal culture. The "pow- er-sharing" model that emerged from a war crisis and a peace Agreement

acknowledges the division of society which is in the process of consolidation. The Elite consensual culture in the sense of Liphart's "spirit of adaptation and compromise" has been considered necessary for democratic consolidation, by

not neglecting the power of voters to elect their political leaders. North Macedo- nia can have a thriving multicultural Democracy only if it builds an authentic

consensual model of power-sharing …

Ethics Code Of Ngos In Kosovo, Fjollë Nuhiu, Dritëro Arifi, Ngadhnjim Brovina

UBT International Conference

The aim of this research paper is to elaborate the issue of the ethics code of Non- Governmental Organizations (now and on NGO) in Kosovo. It is very important for any institution or

organization to have the ethics code and respect it, but in so many transitional countries such as Kosovo, this and so many other issues still remain unsolved. This paper first will introduce a brief historical information about the establishment of NGOs in Kosovo, and then elaborate the main topic, trying to give an answer to the question: To what extent have Kosovar NGOs adopted and implemented the …

The Challenges And Opportunities From The Wto Accession – The Case Of Kosovo, Fisnik Muça

UBT International Conference

Kosovo is one of the newest countries in the world, which, after in- dependence in 2008, has made many efforts to establish a western democratic

system and a free market economy. As a partially recognized state and disputed territory by Serbia and its allies, Kosovo became a part of the Central European

Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in 2007, initially as UMNIK, then under its of- ficial name. This research paper intends to highlight the need for Kosovo to be a

member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), taking into account the chal- lenges and opportunities encountered in the process of …

“Political Correctness” – A Threat To Free Speech? Overcoming The Dilemma, Lothar Tschapka

UBT International Conference

The concept of Political Correctness (PC) arose in the United States in the 1970s. For the past 30 years, it has been subject to criticism as constituting a threat to the “liberty of speech”, as well as a contribution to media bias. The dilemma of PC lies in the fact that, although it aims to protect human and civic rights, it may also result in the exact opposite, namely the diminishing of such rights as the free utterance of thoughts. However, civilised societies are in need of strategies to deal with phenomena such as racism, sexism, hate speech, online firestorms …

Faith-Based Peacebuilding Challenges In The Republic Of Kosovo, Xhemail Çupi

UBT International Conference

In order to realize coexistence between conflicting communities, it must initially precede a participant, consensual, moralistic and even civic political culture that would end with a tolerant dialogue between them. Reopening negotiations between Kosovo and Serbia with the European Union involvement marks the beginning, but not the end, of a long-term process of normalizing relations among their citizens. Flooding inter-ethnic relations have usually had a negative impact on inter-religious relations, and in Kosovo, due to the close association of ethnicity and religion, this has been demonstrated with the destroying and damaging of sacred objects. Consequently, despite the fact that no …

Europeanization Of The Balkans Vs. Balkanization Of Europe: A Vision Limited By Realities, Abdullah Sencer Gözübenli, Nazli Tekeshanoska

UBT International Conference

By the time of the simultaneous collapses of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the European Union (EU) commenced an acute relationship with the post-communist Central and Eastern European Countries. The EU had fully supported transition to more democratic regimes and into capital market of these countries. Finally, 13 Central and Eastern European Countries became members of the EU in last two decades. The most-awaited new Enlargement Strategy for the remaining potential candidate and candidate countries in the Western Balkans, entitled “The Credible Enlargement Perspective for the Western Balkans” was presented earlier this …

Dilemmas About The Core Values In The European Union, Elisabeth Kardos Kaponyi

UBT International Conference

The European integration was primarily about economic cooperation, but the European Union’s role in protecting the core values in its member states. EU values were first mentioned in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty on European Union, and since the Amsterdam Treaty the community law has a sufficiently precise description of this values, which should be respected not only by countries aspiring to the EU but also by the Member States themselves. The Lisbon Treaty defines EU values as “respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to …

Syrian Refugee Crisis And European Migration Policies: Rise In Xenophobic Rhetoric In Europe, Meltem Çelik Dirsehan

UBT International Conference

Syrian immigration crisis has been ignored by advanced European countries and the heaviest burden is left to developing border countries. However this ignorance has resulted in more mass influx of immigrants illegally to the borders of European Union with a target of advanced Northern countries. To evaluate the European ignorance to this humanitarian crisis, first Turkey is evaluated as a transition point for all Asian and Middle Eastern immigrants dreaming to live in Europe. By a shocking extend of sea arrivals, Europe have noticed the humanitarian crisis and made a deal with main transition point for immigrants, Turkey. However this …

Conditions For An Effective Democracy In Multicultural Societies And Countries, Flora Kadriu

UBT International Conference

The motive behind this paper is exploration of the conditions for effective democracy in multicultural societies and countries. The two principles of social setting in the context of classical parliamentary democracy ensue from a special set of civil and political rights, as basis for cultural identity, which further underlies the collective cultural rights (CCRs) or group-differentiated rights (GDRs). Such setting is initiation into a serious process of changes in classical democracy. The cultural diversity accommodation in the political system of a given democracy is an intricate process that shifts the liberal justice concept and requires a new political system dubbed …

Process Of State-Building In Kosovo, Ngadhnjim Brovina, Adlum Ramadani

UBT International Conference

The topic of state-building is a subject that has been continuously studied. To be fully understood, a case study should be included. Therefore, we have selected the case of Kosovo and the challenges of the process of state-building that Kosovo has had in the past. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the challenges that Kosovo's policy-making has faced along the road to state-building. The materials included in this scientific paper are from official documents from local and international institutions, as well as international and local authors from the field of state-building. The methodology used in this paper includes …

The Stance Of Great Britain Towards The Government Of Fan Noli, Armend Mehmeti

UBT International Conference

Since after the First World War in internal political scene of Albania prevailed instability and political struggle between parties; such situation reached its peak in June 1924 when a rebellion was followed by seizure of power by opposition. This event attracted attention of all powers, especially of Great Britain, who was concerned about her oil concessions in Albania. Therefore this work aims to elaborate the attitude of Great Britain towards to Government of Noli. At the same time this work pretends to give a reflection to international and national circumstances which lead to failure of Government Noli to be recognized …

Social Policies In Kosovo: Institutional Reforms In The Context Of Globalization And Internatin Aladministration, Armend Muja

UBT International Conference

Social policy broadly focuses on pensions system, health insurance, education, family policies, disability and injury insurance, unemployment benefits, war victims’ benefits and other aid to the poor. The main features of Western Balkans’ welfare system during communism can be characterized by three pillars: full employment and quasi-obligatory employment: broad and universalistic social insurance: and a highly developed typically company-based, system of services and fringe benefits. This system was eliminated after the fall of communism, as it became impossible for the state to provide the necessary funds to cover new social costs associated with transformation. The welfare system reform in the …

Aspects Of Islamic Revival And Radicalization In The Region Of Middle East, Redi Papa

UBT International Conference

The main objective of this topic is to provide a detailed panorama of the causes of Islamic Revival and radicalization of Islam, particularly in the region of Middle East. In this perspective, it’s somehow puzzling to at the first sight that Arab World used to be a leader in the science, military and science, is now paradoxically a region characterized by unrest and turmoil. Contrary to the past decades where peace was a distinctive peculiarity of the region and economy flourished, now is overwhelmed by the phenomena of the Radicalization of Islam for political purposes and to come to power. …

Influence Of The Party System On The Foreign Policy, Aleksandra Jaskólska

UBT International Conference

In my paper I will analyze influence of the party system on the foreign policy, case study: India. Indian party system evaluated from dominant party system (sometimes this period of time is called one party system, but it not correct) to multiparty system. India got independence on 15th August 1947, three years later become a republic. India adopted democracy and multiparty system (1951/52, first election for central government, after independence). Even though that multisystem party was introduce, Indian National Congress (INC) ruled India from 1947 till 1977. INC came to power again in 1980 and ruled till 1989 and then …

European Integration Process - Advantages Of Eu Integration And The Challenges That Must Withstand Albania, Holta (Bako) Kora, Albana (Karameta) Gjoni

UBT International Conference

Albania's integration into the European Union, is one of the biggest challenges in these 25 years. To become a member of the EU, Albania must meet the criteria set for all candidate countries for membership in the European Union, approved by the Copenhagen European Council in June 1993. These criteria have political and economic character that predict: justice, freedom and security, guaranteeing democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights and minorities. To meet these criteria, Albania shall cooperate with the European Union. If the European Integration Process will be classified in several stages, each stage has maximum and …

Whether Turkey Is A Really Safe Haven Henceforward For Both Turkish And Syrians, Meltem Cilek Dirsehan

UBT International Conference

Turkey as a safe haven has been welcoming of more than two millions Syrian people without any ethnic or sectarian discrimination for four years. State institutions have spent nearly 6 billion dollars to set a life for asylum seekers in the best refugee camps and without any notable support of United Nations and other external agencies and countries. However, out of the camps, life and safety conditions of especially lower class Syrian people have been getting worse day by day because of security related problems emerging between citizens and Syrian asylum seekers, even in the border cities where local people …