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Articles 1 - 17 of 17
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Girls On The Map: Mapping For Program Planning And Social Change, Eva Roca
Girls On The Map: Mapping For Program Planning And Social Change, Eva Roca
Adolescents and Young People
This guide explores ways in which maps can add depth to the learning process as practitioners design programs for girls. Mapping leads practitioners through a cycle of information collection and analysis. It supports decision-making about where, with whom, and when to work, and how programs can make a real difference in girls’ lives. Programs increasingly recognize the importance of household and community characteristics in shaping girls’ lives, yet it is relatively less common to measure or map community features as part of program planning. Mapping relevant populations of girls and the features of the communities they live in can inform …
Building Resilience In Communities Most Vulnerable To Environmental Stressors, Jessie Pinchoff
Building Resilience In Communities Most Vulnerable To Environmental Stressors, Jessie Pinchoff
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Evidence suggests that the frequency and intensity of environmental hazards such as floods, cyclones, and droughts may be increasing, leading to high volatility in many parts of the world. The impact of these events falls unequally on the most vulnerable individuals, households, and communities. To fully understand and address the needs of vulnerable communities, the Population Council is building on its existing research, deep global research expertise, and proven approaches in reaching and working with vulnerable populations to examine how humans interact with their environments and explore how to test and develop successful strategies for building resilience. This report presents …
Climate Change, Resilience, And Population Dynamics In Pakistan: A Case Study Of The 2010 Floods In Mianwali District, Zeba Sathar, Muhammad Khalil, Sabahat Hussain, Maqsood Sadiq, Kiren Khan
Climate Change, Resilience, And Population Dynamics In Pakistan: A Case Study Of The 2010 Floods In Mianwali District, Zeba Sathar, Muhammad Khalil, Sabahat Hussain, Maqsood Sadiq, Kiren Khan
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
In 2010, Pakistan experienced massive flooding that went on uninterrupted for more than eight weeks, and seriously affected more than 20 million people. This study explores the effects of the floods on one of the most adversely affected districts, Mianwali, in Punjab province. The study focuses on four areas pertaining to resilience: movements and migration processes; shifts in poverty levels and living conditions; changes in livelihood activities; and health-seeking behavior, particularly fertility-related processes. This study highlights the need to include demographic and health information in the analysis of natural disasters. The report marks the beginning of a research agenda that …
Community-Level Assessment Of Heatwaves In Odisha State, India: Effects, Resilience And Implications, Sangram Kishor Patel
Community-Level Assessment Of Heatwaves In Odisha State, India: Effects, Resilience And Implications, Sangram Kishor Patel
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Heatwaves constitute a potential threat to many of India’s states, including Odisha, and their impact could become acute without adaptive capacity. This research brief explores the perceived causes and experiences of climate change and heatwave by stakeholders in the district. It summarizes reported effects on livelihoods, food security, and livestock; water and sanitation; and health, and reviews coping strategies offered by respondents. The report includes a number of recommendations to meet the needs of the population as indicated by the findings.
Community-Level Assessment Of Droughts In Odisha: Effects, Resilience, And Implications, Sangram Kishor Patel
Community-Level Assessment Of Droughts In Odisha: Effects, Resilience, And Implications, Sangram Kishor Patel
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
India has been severely affected by drought—one-third of the country is either drought-prone or classified as desert. Odisha’s geographic location makes it vulnerable to various natural disasters and climatic risks so the Population Council conducted a study there to explore the impact of drought on people and their resilience, as well as examine the perceptions of state-level infrastructure and institutional initiatives to strengthen responses to droughts. The study found that farmers, laborers, and the poor are severely affected physically, financially, and psychologically as a result of consecutive droughts that have affected agriculture and livelihoods. The report notes a number of …
Community-Level Assessment Of Floods And Cyclones In Coastal Odisha, India: Impact, Resilience, And Implications, Sangram Kishor Patel
Community-Level Assessment Of Floods And Cyclones In Coastal Odisha, India: Impact, Resilience, And Implications, Sangram Kishor Patel
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
India is among the countries that have been severely affected by both floods and cyclones. In 2012, the Government of India estimated that nearly 12 percent of India’s land is prone to floods and river erosion. The Population Council conducted formative research in the state of Odisha to explore the people’s perceptions on impact and resilience to cyclones and floods, and to examine the state-level infrastructure and institutional initiatives to strengthen responses to these events. Findings reported in this brief indicate that flooding and cyclones have had a disproportionate affect on vulnerable groups, including women, children, the elderly, and disabled …
Resilience And Community Response To Climate-Related Events: Case Studies From Four Countries, Aviva Klein Meyers, Karen Hardee
Resilience And Community Response To Climate-Related Events: Case Studies From Four Countries, Aviva Klein Meyers, Karen Hardee
Reproductive Health
It is important for governments, aid organizations, and researchers to understand how developing communities respond to climate change and how their efforts can be improved within a framework of resilience thinking. This review explores the definition of resilience and, more specifically, community resilience and its components, then presents four case studies of community response to extreme weather events to illustrate community resilience in action. The review is intended to provide context for and inform more detailed exploration of community resilience in integrated programming (specifically, programming designed to improve health, environment, and population outcomes). It is also intended to capture references …
Urban Poverty And Health In Developing Countries: Household And Neighborhood Effects, Mark R. Montgomery, Paul C. Hewett
Urban Poverty And Health In Developing Countries: Household And Neighborhood Effects, Mark R. Montgomery, Paul C. Hewett
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
In the United States and other high-income countries, where most people live in cities, there is intense scholarly and program interest in the effects of household and neighborhood living standards on health. This paper investigates whether in these cities the health of women and young children is influenced by both household and neighborhood standards of living. To judge from our results, it appears that as a rule, poor urban households do not tend to live in uniformly poor communities; indeed, about one in ten of a poor household’s neighbors is relatively affluent, belonging to the upper quartile of the urban …
Combining Community Approaches And Government Policy To Reduce Hiv Risk In The Dominican Republic, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat
Combining Community Approaches And Government Policy To Reduce Hiv Risk In The Dominican Republic, Deanna Kerrigan, Luis Moreno, Bayardo Gomez, Hector Jerez, Ellen Weiss, Johannes Van Dam, Eva Roca, Clare Barrington, Michael D. Sweat
HIV and AIDS
A recent Horizons study conducted jointly with two Dominican NGOs assessed the impact of two environmental-structural models in reducing HIV-related risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic and compared their cost-effectiveness. In the two cities studied, there were improvements from pre- to post-intervention in the key outcome variables, however the type and level of these changes varied by intervention approach. Based on our findings, program planners and policymakers involved in the study in the Dominican Republic agree that the integrated solidarity and policy model in conjunction with ongoing peer education and community mobilization activities is an appropriate, cost-effective, …
Are We Not Peasants Too? Land Rights And Women's Claims In India, Bina Agarwal
Are We Not Peasants Too? Land Rights And Women's Claims In India, Bina Agarwal
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This edition of SEEDS explores the critical elements in securing effective and independent land rights for women in South Asia. The author presents a range of cooperative strategies for enabling women to retain and cultivate the land and shows how micro-credit and other programs can be redirected to increase the amount and productivity of land women control. Recognizing that new policies and political will are required to foster and sustain such experiments, the author ends with a summary of how women are organizing to place women’s access to land at the center of national and global agendas.
Ecological Degradation, Rural Poverty, And Migration In Ethiopia: A Contextual Analysis, Markos Ezra
Ecological Degradation, Rural Poverty, And Migration In Ethiopia: A Contextual Analysis, Markos Ezra
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
The interrelationships between ecological degradation, poverty, and rural out-migration in Ethiopia are examined using data from a Household and Community Survey conducted in 1994-95. The survey, which covered a sample of 2,000 households, collected retrospective data on changes in household composition, including migration of household members, during the period 1984 to 1994. The study hypothesizes that the decision to out-migrate in the impoverished rural areas of northern Ethiopia is influenced by a combination of factors based on individual, household and community characteristics. A multilevel analysis is applied to determine the role of these factors in the decision. The findings show …
Urban Growth In Developing Countries: A Review Of Projections And Predictions, Martin Brockerhoff
Urban Growth In Developing Countries: A Review Of Projections And Predictions, Martin Brockerhoff
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Comparison of the United Nations’ earliest and most recent projections to the year 2000 suggests that urban and city growth in developing regions has occurred much more slowly than was anticipated as recently as 1980. A modified “urban population explosion” in developing countries since the 1970s conforms to explanatory models of urban growth developed by economists around 1980. Trends in productivity and terms of trade, in particular, have been highly favorable to agriculture as compared to manufacturing, presumably slowing migration to urban centers. Increases in national population growth rates have produced less than commensurate in rates of city growth, further …
El Papel De Las Mujeres En La Conservación De Los Bosques Del Nepal, Augusta Molnar
El Papel De Las Mujeres En La Conservación De Los Bosques Del Nepal, Augusta Molnar
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Este número de SEEDS pone de relieve las formas en que se ha hecho participar a las mujeres en un programa gubernamental de conservación y restauración de bosques en Nepal. Como en muchos proyectos de gran escala e impacto generalizado, las mujeres no tenían un papel específico en el diseño original del proyecto. Pero una vez que comenzaron las actividades, tanto el personal nepales como sus colegas extranjeros tuvieron que reconocer que para que la estrategía participative pudiera funcionar, era esencial contar con las mujeres. De ahí que durante los primeros cinco anos del proyecto (1980–85) se probaron varias maneras …
La Conservation Des Forêts Au Népal: Encourager La Participation Des Femmes, Augusta Molnar
La Conservation Des Forêts Au Népal: Encourager La Participation Des Femmes, Augusta Molnar
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
Ce numéro de SEEDS porte sur les moyens mis en oeuvre pour faire participer les femmes à un programme gouvernemental visant à preserver et à restituer la forêt au Népal. Comme il arrive fréquemment lors de la mise en place de projets aussi vastes ayant une portée generale, les femmes n'étaient pas un centre d'intérêt spécifique au moment de la conception du projet. Cependant, lorsque les activités ont demarré, les responsables népalais du projet et leurs collègues de l'étranger se sont tres vite rendus compte que le succès du programme dépendait de la participation directe des femmes aux activités du …
Forest Conservation In Nepal: Encouraging Women's Participation, Augusta Molnar
Forest Conservation In Nepal: Encouraging Women's Participation, Augusta Molnar
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
This issue of SEEDS focuses on ways in which women have been involved in a government forest conservation and restoration program in Nepal. As is common with many large-scale projects with a general impact, women were not a direct focus of the project's original design. As activities got underway, however, both the Nepali staff and their expatriate colleagues quickly realized that the direct involvement of women was crucial to the success of the project's participatory strategy. Over the initial five years, 1980 to 1985, a number of approaches to addressing women's needs and generating their active participation were tried. The …
Community Management Of Waste Recycling: The Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Community Management Of Waste Recycling: The Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
At the beginning of 1978, a group of families were awaiting access to low-cost housing in Mérida, a city on Mexico's southeastern coast. Some units were equipped with a new drainage system called SIRDO (Integrated System for Recycling Organic Wastes), and families interested in living in the experimental block where the SIRDO was to be installed could be given housing right away. Three years later, families in another community located in the crowded Valley of Mexico decided to try the system in their own neighborhood. Women have played a crucial role in learning to manage the technical, economic, and social …
Administración Comunitaria Del Reciclamiento De Desechos: El Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Administración Comunitaria Del Reciclamiento De Desechos: El Sirdo, Marianne Schmink
Poverty, Gender, and Youth
A comienzos de 1978, un grupo de famílias esperaba que le adjudicaran una de las casas comprendidas en un proyecto de viviendas económicas en Mérida, una ciudad de la costa sudeste de México. Algunas casas contaban con un sistema de drenaje nuevo llamado SIRDO (Sistema Integrado de Reciclamiento de Desechos Orgánicos), y las familias interesadas en vivir en la manzana experimental donde se instalaría el SIRDO, podrían ocupar su casa inmediatamente. Tres años más tarde un otro grupo de familias de una comunidad situada en el populoso Valle de Mexico resolvieron ensayar el sistema en su propio vecindario. Las mujeres …