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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Cnh: Fine-Scale Dynamics Of Human Adaptation In Coupled Natural And Social Systems: An Integrated Computational Approach Applied To Three Fisheries, James A. Wilson, James Acheson, Robert Steneck, Yong Chen, Teresa R. Johnson
Cnh: Fine-Scale Dynamics Of Human Adaptation In Coupled Natural And Social Systems: An Integrated Computational Approach Applied To Three Fisheries, James A. Wilson, James Acheson, Robert Steneck, Yong Chen, Teresa R. Johnson
University of Maine Office of Research Administration: Grant Reports
The purpose of this project is to gain a better understanding of the way competition between individual fishermen lead to the emergence of private incentives and informal social arrangements that are (or are not) consistent with conservation of the resource. These informal arrangements and incentives are important because they help us understand the extent to which private interests might strengthen or weaken on-going resource management and, consequently, the sustainability of coupled human and natural systems. The broad hypothesis driving the study is that the informal social structure that emerges from competitive interactions among fishermen reflects the particular circumstances of the …
Gi Science, Not Giscience, Andreas Christoffer Hall
Gi Science, Not Giscience, Andreas Christoffer Hall
Journal of Spatial Information Science
Letter to editors
Spatial Mathematics: Theory And Practice Through Mapping By Sandra Lach Arlinghaus And Joseph J. Kerski, Azadeh Mousavi
Spatial Mathematics: Theory And Practice Through Mapping By Sandra Lach Arlinghaus And Joseph J. Kerski, Azadeh Mousavi
Journal of Spatial Information Science
Book review
Similarity Of Trajectories Taking Into Account Geographic Context, Maike Buchin, Somayeh Dodge, Bettina Speckmann
Similarity Of Trajectories Taking Into Account Geographic Context, Maike Buchin, Somayeh Dodge, Bettina Speckmann
Journal of Spatial Information Science
The movements of animals, people, and vehicles are embedded in a geographic context. This context influences the movement and may cause the formation of certain behavioral responses. Thus, it is essential to include context parameters in the study of movement and the development of movement pattern analytics. Advances in sensor technologies and positioning devices provide valuable data not only of moving agents but also of the circumstances embedding the movement in space and time. Developing knowledge discovery methods to investigate the relation between movement and its surrounding context is a major challenge in movement analysis today. In this paper we …
Geocoding Location Expressions In Twitter Messages: A Preference Learning Method, Wei Zhang, Judith Gelernter
Geocoding Location Expressions In Twitter Messages: A Preference Learning Method, Wei Zhang, Judith Gelernter
Journal of Spatial Information Science
Resolving location expressions in text to the correct physical location, also known as geocoding or grounding, is complicated by the fact that so many places around the world share the same name. Correct resolution is made even more difficult when there is little context to determine which place is intended, as in a 140-character Twitter message, or when location cues from different sources conflict, as may be the case among different metadata fields of a Twitter message. We used supervised machine learning to weigh the different fields of the Twitter message and the features of a world gazetteer to create …
Road Network Selection For Small-Scale Maps Using An Improved Centrality-Based Algorithm, Roy Weiss, Robert Weibel
Road Network Selection For Small-Scale Maps Using An Improved Centrality-Based Algorithm, Roy Weiss, Robert Weibel
Journal of Spatial Information Science
The road network is one of the key feature classes in topographic maps and databases. In the task of deriving road networks for products at smaller scales, road network selection forms a prerequisite for all other generalization operators, and is thus a fundamental operation in the overall process of topographic map and database production. The objective of this work was to develop an algorithm for automated road network selection from a large-scale (1:10,000) to a small-scale database (1:200,000). The project was pursued in collaboration with swisstopo, the national mapping agency of Switzerland, with generic mapping requirements in mind. Preliminary experiments …
Twitter Location (Sometimes) Matters: Exploring The Relationship Between Georeferenced Tweet Content And Nearby Feature Classes, Stefan Hahmann, Ross S. Purves, Dirk Burghardt
Twitter Location (Sometimes) Matters: Exploring The Relationship Between Georeferenced Tweet Content And Nearby Feature Classes, Stefan Hahmann, Ross S. Purves, Dirk Burghardt
Journal of Spatial Information Science
In this paper, we investigate whether microblogging texts (tweets) produced on mobile devices are related to the geographical locations where they were posted. For this purpose, we correlate tweet topics to areas. In doing so, classified points of interest from OpenStreetMap serve as validation points. We adopted the classification and geolocation of these points to correlate with tweet content by means of manual, supervised, and unsupervised machine learning approaches. Evaluation showed the manual classification approach to be highest quality, followed by the supervised method, and that the unsupervised classification was of low quality. We found that the degree to which …
Trading Fat For Forests: On Palm Oil, Tropical Forest Conservation, And Rational Consumption, Cindy Isenhour
Trading Fat For Forests: On Palm Oil, Tropical Forest Conservation, And Rational Consumption, Cindy Isenhour
Anthropology Faculty Scholarship
The longstanding butter vs margarine debate has recently become more complex as the links between margarine, industrial palm oil plantations, and tropical deforestation are made increasingly clear. Yet despite calls for consumers to get informed and take responsibility for tropical deforestation by boycotting margarine or purchasing buttery spreads made with sustainably-sourced palm oil, research in multiple contexts demonstrates that even the most aware, engaged, and rational consumers run into significant barriers when trying to reduce their environmental impacts. This paper supplements important critiques of neoliberal conservation at the site of extraction or intended conservation (Carrier and West 2009; Igoe and …
Silence Is The Loudest Sound, Emma Christian
Silence Is The Loudest Sound, Emma Christian
Honors College
Rhinoceros poaching is an act of killing a rhinoceros in order to take its horn, which is then used for human consumption or for cultural traditions. Both the Asian and the African rhinoceros are targets because of the demand from China, Vietnam, Yemen, and other countries around the world. Traditional Chinese Medicine practice is the main demand for rhinoceros horn and this demand in rhinoceros horn has caused an increase in the black market. Conservation of the rhinoceros is decreasing primarily because the price of rhinoceros horn is more than double the average household income in South Africa, thus making …
Rockfall Detection From Terrestrial Lidar Point Clouds: A Clustering Approach Using R, Marj Tonini, Antonio Abellan
Rockfall Detection From Terrestrial Lidar Point Clouds: A Clustering Approach Using R, Marj Tonini, Antonio Abellan
Journal of Spatial Information Science
In this study we analyzed a series of terrestrial LiDAR point clouds acquired over a cliff in Puigcercos (Catalonia Spain). The objective was to detect and extract individual rockfall events that occurred during a time span of six months and to investigate their spatial distribution. To this end local and global cluster algorithms were applied. First we used the nearest neighbor clutter removal (NNCR) method in combination with the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm to separate feature points from clutter; then a density based algorithm (DBSCAN) allowed us to isolate the single cluster features which represented the rockfall events. Finally we estimated …
Dissemination And Geovisualization Of Territorial Entities' History, Christine Plumejeaud, Eric Grosso, Benjamin Parent
Dissemination And Geovisualization Of Territorial Entities' History, Christine Plumejeaud, Eric Grosso, Benjamin Parent
Journal of Spatial Information Science
This paper describes an innovative solution for geovisualization of the demographic and administrative history of French municipalities named "communes" in French. This solution allows for the open dissemination of such data. The challenge is to provide a web interface for unskilled users in order to help them understand complex information about the demographic evolution of French territories. Our approach combines interactive thematic spatial and temporal views. We describe our architecture based on open-source technologies and the organization of this imperfect geo-historical information in our spatiotemporal database. Our second contribution concerns the concept of an acquaintance graph that has been used …
The Open Source Dynamics In Geospatial Research And Education, Olivier Ertz, Sergio J. Rey, Stéphane Joost
The Open Source Dynamics In Geospatial Research And Education, Olivier Ertz, Sergio J. Rey, Stéphane Joost
Journal of Spatial Information Science
No abstract provided.
Geo-Social Visual Analytics, Wei Luo, Alan M. Maceachren
Geo-Social Visual Analytics, Wei Luo, Alan M. Maceachren
Journal of Spatial Information Science
Spatial analysis and social network analysis typically consider social processes in their own specific contexts either geographical or network space. Both approaches demonstrate strong conceptual overlaps. For example actors close to each other tend to have greater similarity than those far apart; this phenomenon has different labels in geography (spatial autocorrelation) and in network science (homophily). In spite of those conceptual and observed overlaps the integration of geography and social network context has not received the attention needed in order to develop a comprehensive understanding of their interaction or their impact on outcomes of interest such as population health behaviors …
Integrating Cross-Scale Analysis In The Spatial And Temporal Domains For Classification Of Behavioral Movement, Ali Soleymani, Jonathan Cachat, Kyle Robinson, Somayeh Dodge, Allan Kalueff, Robert Weibel
Integrating Cross-Scale Analysis In The Spatial And Temporal Domains For Classification Of Behavioral Movement, Ali Soleymani, Jonathan Cachat, Kyle Robinson, Somayeh Dodge, Allan Kalueff, Robert Weibel
Journal of Spatial Information Science
Since various behavioral movement patterns are likely to be valid within different unique ranges of spatial and temporal scales (e.g. instantaneous diurnal or seasonal) with the corresponding spatial extents a cross-scale approach is needed for accurate classification of behaviors expressed in movement. Here we introduce a methodology for the characterization and classification of behavioral movement data that relies on computing and analyzing movement features jointly in both the spatial and temporal domains. The proposed methodology consists of three stages. In the first stage focusing on the spatial domain the underlying movement space is partitioned into several zonings that correspond to …
Interdisciplinarity And Actionable Science: Exploring The Generative Potential In Difference, Bridie Mcgreavy, Linda Silka, Laura Lindenfeld
Interdisciplinarity And Actionable Science: Exploring The Generative Potential In Difference, Bridie Mcgreavy, Linda Silka, Laura Lindenfeld
Publications
Community practice and actionable science share a commitment to solving complex problems to promote sustainability. Collective abilities to address these types of problems rely on interdisciplinary collaborations that also offer unique challenges. In this case study of a statewide interdisciplinary setting, we focus on key methodological differences related to problem identification, stakeholder involvement, competing research paradigms, and orientations towards communication. We argue the generative potential in interdisciplinarity is enhanced through sustained effort and attention to difference; acceptance of the ethical responsibility to reflect critically on power in shared decision making spaces; and strategic interventions to continually promote and improve learning.
The Complementary Niches Of Anthropocentric And Biocentric Conservationists, Malcolm L. Hunter Jr., Kent H. Redford, David Lindenmayer
The Complementary Niches Of Anthropocentric And Biocentric Conservationists, Malcolm L. Hunter Jr., Kent H. Redford, David Lindenmayer
Publications
A divergence of values has become apparent in recent debates between conservationists who focus on ecosystem services that can improve human well-being and those who focus on avoiding the extinction of species. These divergent points of view fall along a continuum from anthropocentric to biocentric values, but most conservationists are relatively closer to each other than to the ends of the spectrum. We have some concerns with both positions but emphasize that conservation for both people and all other species will be most effective if conservationists focus on articulating the values they all share, being respectful of divergent values, and …
Entertaining Our Way To Engagement? Climate Change Films And Sustainable Development Values, Laura Lindenfeld, Bridie Mcgreavy
Entertaining Our Way To Engagement? Climate Change Films And Sustainable Development Values, Laura Lindenfeld, Bridie Mcgreavy
Publications
How we communicate about climate change shapes our response tothe most complex and challenging issue society currently faces. In this paper,we conduct a discursive analysis and ideological critique of stereotypicalrepresentations in three climate change films: The Day After Tomorrow (2004), Sizzle: A Global Warming Comedy (2008) and An Inconvenient Truth (2006).We argue that these films situate their treatment of climate change in anarrative context that reiterates troubling stereotypes about race/ethnicity,gender, and sexuality. These representations do not align with key sustainabledevelopment goals such as equity, freedom, and shared responsibility. Ouressay demonstrates how the stories we consume about climate change as weentertain …
Minerva 2014, The Honors College
Minerva 2014, The Honors College
Minerva
This issue of Minerva includes an article on newly expanded and renovated Honors spaces; a spotlight on student research collaboratives; a celebration of renowned Honors faculty members, Steve Cohn and Tina Passman; and a discussion of Honors student travel and volunteerism.
Touch-Screen Technology For The Dynamic Display Of 2d Spatial Information Without Vision: Promise And Progress, Roberta L. Klatzky, Nicholas A. Giudice, Christopher R. Bennett, Jack M. Loomis
Touch-Screen Technology For The Dynamic Display Of 2d Spatial Information Without Vision: Promise And Progress, Roberta L. Klatzky, Nicholas A. Giudice, Christopher R. Bennett, Jack M. Loomis
Spatial Information Science and Engineering Faculty Scholarship
Many developers wish to capitalize on touch-screen technology for developing aids for the blind, particularly by incorporating vibrotactile stimulation to convey patterns on their surfaces, which otherwise are featureless. Our belief is that they will need to take into account basic research on haptic perception in designing these graphics interfaces. We point out constraints and limitations in haptic processing that affect the use of these devices. We also suggest ways to use sound to augment basic information from touch, and we include evaluation data from users of a touch-screen device with vibrotactile and auditory feedback that we have been developing, …