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- Antarctic • Bryum pseudotriquetrum • cell wall • Ceratodon purpureus • confocal microscopy • ozone depletion • Schistidium antarctici (Grimmia antarctici) • UV-screening compounds (1)
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Articles 1 - 23 of 23
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
In The Heat Of The Night - Alternative Pathway Respiration Drives Thermogenesis In Philodendron Bipinnatifidum, Rebecca Miller, N. Grant, L. Giles, Miquel Ribas-Carbo, J. A. Berry, Jennifer Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
In The Heat Of The Night - Alternative Pathway Respiration Drives Thermogenesis In Philodendron Bipinnatifidum, Rebecca Miller, N. Grant, L. Giles, Miquel Ribas-Carbo, J. A. Berry, Jennifer Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Philodendron bipinnatifidum inflorescences heat up to 42ºC and thermoregulate. We investigated whether they generate heat via the cytochrome oxidase pathway uncoupled by uncoupling proteins (pUCPs), or the alternative oxidase (AOX). Contribution of AOX and pUCPs to heating in fertile (FM) and sterile (SM) male florets was determined using a combination of oxygen isotope discrimination, protein and substrate analyses. FM and SM florets thermoregulated independently for up to 30h ex planta. In both floret types, AOX contributed more than 90% of respiratory flux during peak heating. AOX protein increased 5-fold with the onset of thermogenesis in both floret types, whereas pUCP …
Distribution Of Thermogenic Activity In Floral Tissues Of Nelumbo Nucifera, Nicole M. Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Jennifer Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Distribution Of Thermogenic Activity In Floral Tissues Of Nelumbo Nucifera, Nicole M. Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Jennifer Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Thermogenesis in Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) has been known to scientists for many years; however, the extent of heating by different floral parts remains unclear. We present evidence that the receptacle, stamens and petals produce heat independently, and that the source of heating in these tissues is most likely the alternative oxidase (AOX). The temperatures of the receptacle, petals and stamens were significantly higher than non-thermogenic leaf tissue. After removal from the pedicel, the receptacle retained the most heat (8.1 ± 1.9°C above non-thermogenic tissue temperature) and the petals the least (2.8 ± 4.2°C), with the stamens intermediate. High AOX protein …
Bryophyte Species Composition Over Moisture Gradients In The Windmill Islands, East Antarctica: Development Of A Baseline For Monitoring Climate Change Impacts, J Wasley, S A. Robinson, J D. Turnbull, D H. King, W Wanek, M Popp
Bryophyte Species Composition Over Moisture Gradients In The Windmill Islands, East Antarctica: Development Of A Baseline For Monitoring Climate Change Impacts, J Wasley, S A. Robinson, J D. Turnbull, D H. King, W Wanek, M Popp
Sharon Robinson
Extreme environmental conditions prevail on the Antarctic continent and limit plant diversity to cryptogamic communities, dominated by bryophytes and lichens. Even small abiotic shifts, associated with climate change, are likely to have pronounced impacts on these communities that currently exist at their physiological limit of survival. Changes to moisture availability, due to precipitation shifts or alterations to permanent snow reserves, will most likely cause greatest impact. In order to establish a baseline for determining the effect of climate change on continental Antarctic terrestrial communities and to better understand bryophyte species distributions in relation to moisture in a floristically important Antarctic …
Preliminary Investigations Of Pigment Responses To Phylloxera Infestation, A L. Blanchfield, K S. Powell, Sharon A. Robinson
Preliminary Investigations Of Pigment Responses To Phylloxera Infestation, A L. Blanchfield, K S. Powell, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Early detection of grape phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae) infestation is vital for the implementation of post-outbreak quarantine in Australia. Remote sensing systems exploit changes in leaf pigment content associated with plant stress and offer a real possibility of a phylloxera-specific detection system. Pre-visual, symptomatic changes in the pigment content of phylloxera-infested grapevine leaves were investigated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as a potential aid to improve current phylloxera detection methods. A glasshouse trial was established to characterize the response of two grapevine varieties, Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ and ‘Shiraz’, to phylloxera infestation, in a controlled environment. Field trials were conducted …
Radiocarbon Bomb Spike Reveals Biological Effects Of Antarctic Climate Change, Laurence J Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, Quan Hua, David J. Ayre, David Fink
Radiocarbon Bomb Spike Reveals Biological Effects Of Antarctic Climate Change, Laurence J Clarke, Sharon A. Robinson, Quan Hua, David J. Ayre, David Fink
Sharon Robinson
The Antarctic has experienced major changes in temperature, wind speed and stratospheric ozone levels during thelast 50 years. However, until recently continental Antarctica appeared to be little impacted by climate warming, thusbiological changes were predicted to be relatively slow. Detecting the biological effects of Antarctic climate changehas been hindered by the paucity of long-term data sets, particularly for organisms that have been exposed to thesechanges throughout their lives. We show that radiocarbon signals are preserved along shoots of the dominant Antarcticmoss flora and use these to determine accurate growth rates over a period of several decades, allowing us toexplore the …
Mechanisms Of Thermoregulation In Plants, Jennifer R. Watling, Nicole Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Sharon A. Robinson
Mechanisms Of Thermoregulation In Plants, Jennifer R. Watling, Nicole Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Endothermic heating of floral tissues and even thermoregulation is known to occur in a number of plant species across a wide taxonomic range. The mechanisms by which flowers heat, however, are only just beginning to be understood, and even less is known about how heating is regulated in response to changes in ambient temperature. We have recently demonstrated that the alternative pathway of respiration, in which the alternative oxidase (AOX) rather than cytochrome C (COX) acts as terminal electron acceptor, is responsible for heat generation in one thermoregulating species, the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). In the March issue of the …
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) Remote Sensing For Hyperspatial Terrain Mapping Of Antarctic Moss Beds Based On Structure From Motion (Sfm) Point Clouds, A Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, D Turner
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) Remote Sensing For Hyperspatial Terrain Mapping Of Antarctic Moss Beds Based On Structure From Motion (Sfm) Point Clouds, A Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, D Turner
Sharon Robinson
This study is the first to use an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for mapping moss beds in Antarctica. Mosses can be used as indicators for the regional effects of climate change. Mapping and monitoring their extent and health is therefore important. UAV aerial photography provides ultra-high resolution spatial data for this purpose. The aim of this study is to use Structure from Motion (SfM) techniques to generate a detailed 3D point cloud of the terrain from overlapping UAV photography.
The Instrumental Period, Robert Bindschadler, Eberhard Fahrbach, Jim Fastook, Jaume Forcarda, Josep-Maria Gili, Nancy Bertler, D M. Bergstrom, Mauro Gugliemin, Julian Gutt, Hartmut Hellmer, F Hennion, Roberto Bargagli, Carlo Barbante, Karen Heywood, Dominic Hodgson, David Holland, Sungmin Hong, Angus Atkinson, Rob Arthern, Byron Adams, A H.L Huiskes, Steve Chown, Enrique Isla, Stan Jacobs, Anna Jones, David Bromwich, Claude Boutron, Josifino Comiso, Pete Convey, Alison Cook, Guido Di Prisco, James Bockheim, Mark Stevens, Colin Summerhayes, Phil Trathan, John A. Turner, Kees Van Der Veen, David Vaughan, Mike Meredith, Paul Mayewski, Gareth Marshall, Cinzia Verde, Andrew Lenton, Howard Roscoe, Sharon A. Robinson, Steve Rintoul, Hans-Otto Portner, Sergio Rossi, Ted Scambos, Jon Shanklin, Lloyd Peck, Nicholas Metzl, Andrew Monaghan, David Webb, Christian Wiencke, Covadonga Orejas, Philip Woodworth, Tony Worby, Roger Worland, Kevin K. Newsham, Alberto Naveira-Garabato, Takashi Yamanouchi, Victor Smetacek, Kevin Speer
The Instrumental Period, Robert Bindschadler, Eberhard Fahrbach, Jim Fastook, Jaume Forcarda, Josep-Maria Gili, Nancy Bertler, D M. Bergstrom, Mauro Gugliemin, Julian Gutt, Hartmut Hellmer, F Hennion, Roberto Bargagli, Carlo Barbante, Karen Heywood, Dominic Hodgson, David Holland, Sungmin Hong, Angus Atkinson, Rob Arthern, Byron Adams, A H.L Huiskes, Steve Chown, Enrique Isla, Stan Jacobs, Anna Jones, David Bromwich, Claude Boutron, Josifino Comiso, Pete Convey, Alison Cook, Guido Di Prisco, James Bockheim, Mark Stevens, Colin Summerhayes, Phil Trathan, John A. Turner, Kees Van Der Veen, David Vaughan, Mike Meredith, Paul Mayewski, Gareth Marshall, Cinzia Verde, Andrew Lenton, Howard Roscoe, Sharon A. Robinson, Steve Rintoul, Hans-Otto Portner, Sergio Rossi, Ted Scambos, Jon Shanklin, Lloyd Peck, Nicholas Metzl, Andrew Monaghan, David Webb, Christian Wiencke, Covadonga Orejas, Philip Woodworth, Tony Worby, Roger Worland, Kevin K. Newsham, Alberto Naveira-Garabato, Takashi Yamanouchi, Victor Smetacek, Kevin Speer
Sharon Robinson
The instrumental period began with the first voyages to the Southern Ocean during the Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries when scientists such as Edmund Halley made observations of quantities such as geomagnetism. During the early voyages information was collected on the meteorological conditions across the Southern Ocean, ocean conditions, the sea ice extent and the terrestrial and marine biology. The continent itself was discovered in 1820, although the collection of data was sporadic through the remainder of the Nineteenth Century and it was not possible to venture into the inhospitable interior of Antarctica. At the start of the Twentieth Century stations …
In Vivo Measurement Of Plant Respiration, M. Ribas-Carbo, J. Flexas, Sharon A. Robinson, G. G.B. Tcherkez
In Vivo Measurement Of Plant Respiration, M. Ribas-Carbo, J. Flexas, Sharon A. Robinson, G. G.B. Tcherkez
Sharon Robinson
Respiration is vital; it is the essence of life. Respiration is the mechanism by which energy obtained during the photosynthesis process is transformed into biochemical energy, in the form of ATP. This transformation of energy keeps all cells in all organisms alive. While energy conversion is the main function of respiration in animals, respiration has several other functions in plants. Among them, interactions with photosynthesis such as photorespiration and the production of carbon skeletons for the many compounds synthesized in plants (e.g., pigments, proteins and secondary metabolites). Therefore, it comes as no surprise that such a key role of respiration …
Using An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) For Ultra-High Resolution Mapping Of Antarctic Moss Beds, Arko Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, Darren Turner
Using An Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (Uav) For Ultra-High Resolution Mapping Of Antarctic Moss Beds, Arko Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, Darren Turner
Sharon Robinson
This study is the first to use an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for mapping moss beds in Antarctica. Mosses can be used as indicators for the regional effects of climate change. Mapping and monitoring their extent and health is therefore important. UAV aerial photography provides ultra-high resolution spatial data for this purpose. In addition, we collected highly accurate and GPS transects to generate a detailed DEM. We calculated a topographic wetness index based on the DEM and compared it to the UAV photography to evaluate local growing conditions. This preliminary study shows that a UAV is an ideal platform for …
Light Interception And Utilisation, Sharon A. Robinson, J. R. Watling
Light Interception And Utilisation, Sharon A. Robinson, J. R. Watling
Sharon Robinson
Initial steps of photosynthesis involve interception and absorption of photons by photosynthetic organs; subsequent steps are involved with utilisation or dissipation of quantum energy so derived. Interception of light varies according to size, angle, orientation and surface features of the photosynthetic organ(s) and is also influenced by changes in the arrangement of photosynthetic tissue within those organs.
Casey: The Daintree Of Antarctica, Dana Bergstrom, Sharon A. Robinson
Casey: The Daintree Of Antarctica, Dana Bergstrom, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Antarctica is at the edge of life on the planet. Less than 0.5% of the Antarctic continent is ice-free rock or soil and therefore only tiny pockets of land are available for plants to establish. The Australian Antarctic Territory is home to some of the rarest ecosystems on the planet and the plant life at Casey is as good as it gets - Casey has the most extensive and best developed plant communities in continental Antarctica: it is the 'Daintree' of Antarctica. The largest plants are the mosses and they are like miniature old growth forests, growing incredibly slowly. A …
Aerial ‘Oktokopter’ To Map Antarctic Moss, Arko Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, Dana Bergstrom
Aerial ‘Oktokopter’ To Map Antarctic Moss, Arko Lucieer, Sharon A. Robinson, Dana Bergstrom
Sharon Robinson
Polar regions are experiencing rapid and severe climatic shifts with major changes in temperature, wind speed and UV-B radiation already observed in Antarctica. As climatic records only extend back 50 years, we urgently need new proxies to determine if coastal climate has changed over the past century.
Photosynthesis In Silico: A Multimedia Cd-Rom Combining Animations, Simulations And Self-Paced Modules For Photosynthesis Education At All Tertiary Levels, Sharon A. Robinson, W. A. Russell, G. M.A. Netherwood
Photosynthesis In Silico: A Multimedia Cd-Rom Combining Animations, Simulations And Self-Paced Modules For Photosynthesis Education At All Tertiary Levels, Sharon A. Robinson, W. A. Russell, G. M.A. Netherwood
Sharon Robinson
Photosynthesis is a vital component of any undergraduate biology course. Despite its central importance in providing biochemical energy, fixed carbon and oxygen for all life on Earth, it remains an area which students find uninteresting and difficult to comprehend. This difficulty is compounded by problems with laboratory equipment for practical classes, which tends to be either expensive and complex, or simple and unreliable, making it extremely difficult to provide effective, hands-on teaching of photosynthesis to the large class sizes in undergraduate biology courses. A set of interactive, multimedia modules have been combined on a CD-ROM, which provides a new approach …
Functional Transition In The Floral Receptacle Of The Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera): From Thermogenesis To Photosynthesis, R. E. Miller, J. R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Functional Transition In The Floral Receptacle Of The Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera): From Thermogenesis To Photosynthesis, R. E. Miller, J. R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
The receptacle of the sacred lotus is the main source of heat during the thermogenic stage of floral development. Following anthesis, it enlarges, greens and becomes a fully functional photosynthetic organ. We investigated development of photosynthetic traits during this unusual functional transition. There were two distinct phases of pigment accumulation in receptacles. Lutein and photoprotective xanthophyll cycle pigments accumulated first with 64% and 95% of the maximum, respectively, present prior to anthesis. Lutein epoxide comprised 32% of total carotenoids in yellow receptacles, but declined with development. By contrast, more than 85% of maximum total chlorophyll, β-carotene and Rubisco were produced …
Responses Of Plants In Polar Regions To Uvb Exposure : A Meta-Analysis, K. K. Newsham, Sharon A. Robinson
Responses Of Plants In Polar Regions To Uvb Exposure : A Meta-Analysis, K. K. Newsham, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
We report a meta-analysis of data from 34 field studies into the effects of UV-B radiation on Arctic and Antarctic bryophytes and angiosperms. The studies measured plant responses to decreases in UV-B radiation under screens, natural fluctuations in UV-B irradiance, or increases in UV-B radiation applied from fluorescent UV lamps. Exposure to UV-B radiation was found to increase the concentrations of UV-B absorbing compounds in leaves or thalli by 7% and 25% (expressed on a mass or area basis, respectively). UV-B exposure also reduced aboveground biomass and plant height by 15% and 10%, respectively, and increased DNA damage by 90%. …
Genetic Structure Of East Antarctic Populations Of The Moss Ceratodon Purpureus, L. J. Clarke, D. J. Ayre, Sharon A. Robinson
Genetic Structure Of East Antarctic Populations Of The Moss Ceratodon Purpureus, L. J. Clarke, D. J. Ayre, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
The capacity of the polar flora to adapt is of increasing concern given current and predicted environmental change in these regions. Previous genetic studies of Antarctic mosses have been of limited value due to a lack of variation in the markers or non-specificity of the methods used. We examined the power of five microsatellite loci developed for the cosmopolitan moss Ceratodon purpureus to detect genetically distinct clones and infer the distribution of clones within and among populations from the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. Our microsatellite data suggest extraordinarily high levels of variation reported in RAPD studies were artificially elevated by …
Two Cys Or Not Two Cys? That Is The Question; Alternative Oxidase In The Thermogenic Plant Sacred Lotus, Nicole M. Grant, Yoshihiko Onda, Yusuke Kakizaki, Kkikukatsu Ito, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Two Cys Or Not Two Cys? That Is The Question; Alternative Oxidase In The Thermogenic Plant Sacred Lotus, Nicole M. Grant, Yoshihiko Onda, Yusuke Kakizaki, Kkikukatsu Ito, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) regulates temperature in its floral chamber to 32°C to 35°C across ambient temperatures of 8°C to 40°C with heating achieved through high alternative pathway fluxes. In most alternative oxidase (AOX) isoforms, two cysteine residues, Cys1 and Cys2, are highly conserved and play a role in posttranslational regulation of AOX. Further control occurs via interaction of reduced Cys1 with α-keto acids, such as pyruvate. Here, we report on the in vitro regulation of AOX isolated from thermogenic receptacle tissues of sacred lotus. AOX protein was mostly present in the reduced form, and only a small fraction could …
Surface Reflectance Properties Of Antarctic Moss And Their Relationship To Plant Species, Pigment Composition And Photosynthetic Function, C. E. Lovelock, Sharon A. Robinson
Surface Reflectance Properties Of Antarctic Moss And Their Relationship To Plant Species, Pigment Composition And Photosynthetic Function, C. E. Lovelock, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
We investigated how surface reflectance properties and pigment concentrations of Antarctic moss varied over species, sites, microtopography, and with water content. We found that species had significantly different surface reflectance properties, particularly in the region of the red edge (approximately 700 nm), but this did not correlate strongly with pigment concentrations. Surface reflectance of moss also varied in the visible region and in the characteristics of the red edge over different sites. Reflectance parameters, such as the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) and Cold Hard Band (CBH) were useful discriminators of site, microtopographic position and water content. The PRI was correlated …
Understanding The Tolerance Of Antarctic Mosses To Climate Change, Sharon A. Robinson, L J. Clarke
Understanding The Tolerance Of Antarctic Mosses To Climate Change, Sharon A. Robinson, L J. Clarke
Sharon Robinson
Climate change is expected to affect the high latitudes first and most severely, rendering Antarctica one of the most significant baseline environments for the study of global climate change. Despite this, there have been few long-term studies of the response of Antarctic vegetation to climate change. The Windmill Islands region supports some of the most extensive and best developed vegetation on continental Antarctica, with lush, green mossbeds along many of the lakes and melt streams close to Casey station. Over the past 12 years my University of Wollongong colleagues and I have studied the mosses of this region to better …
Synchronicity Of Thermogenic Activity, Alternative Pathway Respiratory Flux, Aox Protein Content, And Carbohydrates In Receptacle Tissues Of Sacred Lotus During Floral Development, Nicole M. Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Synchronicity Of Thermogenic Activity, Alternative Pathway Respiratory Flux, Aox Protein Content, And Carbohydrates In Receptacle Tissues Of Sacred Lotus During Floral Development, Nicole M. Grant, Rebecca E. Miller, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
The relationships between heat production, alternative oxidase (AOX) pathway flux, AOX protein, and carbohydrates during floral development in Nelumbo nucifera (Gaertn.) were investigated. Three distinct physiological phases were identified: pre-thermogenic, thermogenic, and post-thermogenic. The shift to thermogenic activity was associated with a rapid, 10-fold increase in AOX protein. Similarly, a rapid decrease in AOX protein occurred post-thermogenesis. This synchronicity between AOX protein and thermogenic activity contrasts with other thermogenic plants where AOX protein increases some days prior to heating. AOX protein in thermogenic receptacles was significantly higher than in post-thermogenic and leaf tissues. Stable oxygen isotope measurements confirmed that the …
Uv-B Screening Potential Is Higher In Two Cosmopolitan Moss Species Than In A Co-Occurring Antarctic Endemic Moss – Implications Of Continuing Ozone Depletion, J. L. Dunn, Sharon A. Robinson
Uv-B Screening Potential Is Higher In Two Cosmopolitan Moss Species Than In A Co-Occurring Antarctic Endemic Moss – Implications Of Continuing Ozone Depletion, J. L. Dunn, Sharon A. Robinson
Sharon Robinson
Concentrations of UV-B absorbing pigments and anthocyanins were measured in three moss species, over a summer growing season in Antarctica. Pigment concentrations were compared with a range of climatic variables to determine if there was evidence that pigments were induced by UV-B radiation, or other environmental parameters, and secondly if there were differences between species in their pigment responses. Significant seasonal differences in the potential UV-B screening pigments were found, with the two cosmopolitan species Bryum pseudotriquetrum and Ceratodon purpureus appearing better protected from the potentially damaging effects of ozone depletion than the Antarctic endemic Schistidium antarctici. Bryum pseudotriquetrum accumulated …
Contribution Of The Alternative Pathway To Respiration During Thermogenesis In Flowers Of The Sacred Lotus, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson, Roger S. Seymour
Contribution Of The Alternative Pathway To Respiration During Thermogenesis In Flowers Of The Sacred Lotus, Jennifer R. Watling, Sharon A. Robinson, Roger S. Seymour
Sharon Robinson
We report results from in vivo measurements, using oxygen isotope discrimination techniques, of fluxes through the alternative and cytochrome respiratory pathways in thermogenic plant tissue, the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera). Fluxes through both pathways were measured in thermoregulating flowers undergoing varying degrees of thermogenesis in response to ambient temperature. Significant increases in alternative pathway flux were found in lotus receptacles with temperatures 16°C to 20°C above ambient, but not in those with lesser amounts of heating. Alternative pathway flux in the hottest receptacles was 75% of the total respiratory flux. In contrast, fluxes through the cytochrome …