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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Analyses Of The 2019 Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine: Molecular Machinery For Cellular Oxygen Level Response, Neyda V. Gilman
Analyses Of The 2019 Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine: Molecular Machinery For Cellular Oxygen Level Response, Neyda V. Gilman
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Gregg L. Semenza, William G Kaelin, Jr, and Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe were awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine on October 7, 2019. Their work led to the understanding of how cells recognize and adapt to varying oxygen levels. Hypoxia-inducible nuclear factors play an essential role in this mechanism by turning on other genes that work towards increasing oxygen levels in hypoxic environments. Other vital pieces of the machinery include von Hippel-Lindau proteins and prolyl hydroxylation. Due to the necessity of oxygen in numerous human physiological systems, this discovery will likely have nearly immeasurable impacts on human …
Analysis For Science Librarians Of The 2018 Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine: The Life And Work Of James P. Allison And Tasuku Honjo, Neyda V. Gilman
Analysis For Science Librarians Of The 2018 Nobel Prize In Physiology Or Medicine: The Life And Work Of James P. Allison And Tasuku Honjo, Neyda V. Gilman
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On October 1, 2018, James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo were awarded the 2018 Physiology or Medicine Nobel for their work leading to Immune Checkpoint Inhibition (ICI). ICI is the fourth pillar of cancer treatment and has been used to treat previously un-treatable cancers. Allison discovered that the protein CTLA-4 acts as a T cell brake while Honjo discovered another T cell brake, PD-1. Releasing these brakes allows the immune system to attack tumors, sometimes leading to complete elimination. While there is still more research to be done, Allison’s and Honjo’s work is a breakthrough in cancer immunotherapy.