Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Effect Of 6 Weeks' Consumption Of Β-Glucan-Rich Oat Products On Cholesterol Levels In Mildly Hypercholesterolaemic Overweight Adults, Karen E. Charlton, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka J. Batterham, Jane O'Shea, Rebecca Thorne, Eleanor Beck, Susan M. Tosh

Dr Marijka Batterham

Several regulatory bodies have approved a health claim on the cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan at levels of 3·0 g/d. The present study aimed to test whether 1·5 g/d β-glucan provided as ready-to-eat oat flakes was as effective in lowering cholesterol as 3·0 g/d from oats porridge. A 6-week randomised controlled trial was conducted in eighty-seven mildly hypercholesterolaemic ( ≥ 5 mmol/l and < 7·5 mmol/l) men and women assigned to one of three diet arms (25 % energy (E%) protein; 45 E% carbohydrate; 30 E% fat, at energy requirements for weight maintenance): (1) minimal β-glucan (control); (2) low-dose oat β-glucan …

Intraindividual Variation In Urinary Iodine Concentrations: Effect Of Adjustment On Population Distribution Using Two And Three Repeated Spot Urine Collections, Karen E. Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Li Min Buchanan, Dorothy Mackerras

Dr Marijka Batterham

Objectives: To determine the effect of adjustment for intraindividual variation on estimations of urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), prevalence of iodine deficiency and population distribution of iodine status. Setting: Community-dwelling older adults from New South Wales, Australia. Participants: 84 healthy men and women aged 60–95 years were recruited prior to introduction of the mandatory iodine fortification programme. Primary and secondary outcome: measures UIC data were collected from three spot urine samples, each 1 week apart. Repeated measures analysis of variance were determined between-person (sb) and total (sobs) SDs. Adjusted UIC values were calculated as ((person's UIC−group mean)×(sb/sobs))+group mean, and a corrected …

The Effect Of Required Ipads On Library Use, Gary Kaplan, Mslis, Dorothy Berenbrok, Mslis, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi, Helena Washington, Mls

Daniel G. Kipnis

OBJECTIVES Measure the impact on Library use of a new requirement by anaccelerated, one-year nursing program that all students haveiPads loaded with the required texts and determine whether theLibrary should continue offering these books in print. Poster presented at Medical Library Association Annual Conference, Seattle, WA 2012.

The Effect Of Elbow Flexion Speed And Partial Limb Occlusion On Emg Activity, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, R Achttien, J Stege

Darryl J McAndrew

This investigation aimed to determine the neuromuscular response of the bicep brachii during heavy (6RM) dynamic resistance exercise performed to volitional exhaustion. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was compared in twelve male subjects performing dominant-limb elbow flexion exercise during four conditions: i) Explosive concentric and eccentric (SSC); ii) Explosive concentric, control eccentric (EC); iii) control (C); and iv) control with limb occlusion (CO) (110mmHg). CO and SSC are reported to increase motor unit activity when compared to control exercise (2 second flexion, 2 second extension). It was hypothesised that EMG activity will be higher in conditions of explosive exercise. Surface EMG activity …

Intraindividual Variation In Urinary Iodine Concentrations: Effect Of Adjustment On Population Distribution Using Two And Three Repeated Spot Urine Collections, Karen E. Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Li Min Buchanan, Dorothy Mackerras

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Objectives: To determine the effect of adjustment for intraindividual variation on estimations of urinary iodine concentrations (UIC), prevalence of iodine deficiency and population distribution of iodine status.

Setting: Community-dwelling older adults from New South Wales, Australia.

Participants: 84 healthy men and women aged 60–95 years were recruited prior to introduction of the mandatory iodine fortification programme. Primary and secondary outcome: measures UIC data were collected from three spot urine samples, each 1 week apart. Repeated measures analysis of variance were determined between-person (sb) and total (sobs) SDs. Adjusted UIC values were calculated as ((person's UIC−group mean)×(sb/sobs))+group mean, and a corrected …

Effect Of 6 Weeks' Consumption Of Β-Glucan-Rich Oat Products On Cholesterol Levels In Mildly Hypercholesterolaemic Overweight Adults, Karen E. Charlton, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka J. Batterham, Jane O'Shea, Rebecca Thorne, Eleanor Beck, Susan M. Tosh

Karen E. Charlton

Several regulatory bodies have approved a health claim on the cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan at levels of 3·0 g/d. The present study aimed to test whether 1·5 g/d β-glucan provided as ready-to-eat oat flakes was as effective in lowering cholesterol as 3·0 g/d from oats porridge. A 6-week randomised controlled trial was conducted in eighty-seven mildly hypercholesterolaemic ( ≥ 5 mmol/l and < 7·5 mmol/l) men and women assigned to one of three diet arms (25 % energy (E%) protein; 45 E% carbohydrate; 30 E% fat, at energy requirements for weight maintenance): (1) minimal β-glucan (control); (2) low-dose oat β-glucan …

Mechanism For The Synergistic Effect Of Rapamycin And Resveratrol On Hyperinsulinemia May Involve The Activation Of Protein Kinase B, J Chen, Xu-Feng Huang

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Dear Editor, We read with great interest Leontiev et al.'s paper entitled 'Resveratrol potentiates rapamycin to prevent hyperinsulinemia and obesity in male mice on high-fat diet' recently published in Cell Death & Disease.1 Their finding that rapamycin and resveratrol have a synergistic effect is important for treating insulin resistance. They showed that rapamycin inhibited mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity, while resveratrol inhibited S6 kinase (S6K). We think that these compounds may exert their effects through activating protein kinase B (Akt), a key regulator of insulin sensitivity. Both the inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin and of S6K by resveratrol could …

The Effect Of Band-Tail States On The Thermal Stability Of The Infrared Stimulated Luminescence From K-Feldspar, Bo Li, Sheng-Hua Li

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The thermal stability of the infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) signal from a sedimentary K-feldspar was investigated using isothermal decay study. It is observed that the isothermal decay of IRSL signal cannot be described using a first-order exponential decay function. Instead, the decay can be well described by considering the presence of band-tail states. Based on the isothermal decay results, a trap depth of ∼1.92 eV was obtained for the IRSL stimulated at 50 °C and the width of the band-tail states was found to be ∼0.37 eV below the conduction band edge. Deeper trap depths (up to ∼2.06 eV) were …

Effect Of Nrf2 Activators On Release Of Glutathione, Cysteinylglycine And Homocysteine By Human U373 Astroglial Cells, Megan L. Steele, Stacey Fuller, Mili Patel, Cindy Kersaitis, Lezanne Ooi, Gerald Munch

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Neurons rely on the release and subsequent cleavage of GSH to cysteinylglycine (CysGly) by astrocytes in order to maintain optimal intracellular GSH levels. In neurodegenerative diseases characterised by oxidative stress, neurons need an optimal GSH supply to defend themselves against free radicals released from activated microglia and astroglia. The rate of GSH synthesis is controlled largely by the activity of γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase. Expression of γ-glutamyl cysteine ligase and of the Xc- system, which facilitates cystine uptake, is regulated by the redox-sensitive transcription factor, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Compounds that can activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway, referred to as …

The Effect Of A Calorie Controlled Diet Containing Walnuts On Substrate Oxidation During 8-Hours In A Room Calorimeter, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Sze Yen Tan, Eva M. Warensjo

Dr Marijka Batterham

Objective Dietary macronutrient proportions affect substrate utilization, but in practice people consume foods. We hypothesized that in overweight adults, a calorie controlled diet based on core foods and including walnuts may be advantageous in promoting greater use of fat stores. Methods This crossover study tested the effects of diet-related energy expenditure and fat oxidation in 16 overweight individuals over an 8-hour period. The 2 diets included breakfast and lunch meals during the measurement period and an evening meal the night before. They comprised core foods of bread/cereals, fruit, vegetables, milk/yogurt, and meat, and either walnuts (walnut diet) or olive oil …

Effect Of Chronic Treatment With Clozapine And Haloperidol On 5- Ht2a And 2c Receptor Mrna Expression In The Rat Brain, Xu-Feng Huang, Qing Wang, Yean Yeow Tan

Xu-Feng Huang

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of A Low Glycemic Index Diet During Pregnancy On Obstetric Outcomes, Robert G. Moses, M J. Luebcke, Warren S. Davis, K J. Coleman, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter Petocz, Jennie C. Brand-Miller

L. C. Tapsell

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

The Effect Of A Calorie Controlled Diet Containing Walnuts On Substrate Oxidation During 8-Hours In A Room Calorimeter, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Sze Yen Tan, Eva M. Warensjo

L. C. Tapsell

Objective Dietary macronutrient proportions affect substrate utilization, but in practice people consume foods. We hypothesized that in overweight adults, a calorie controlled diet based on core foods and including walnuts may be advantageous in promoting greater use of fat stores. Methods This crossover study tested the effects of diet-related energy expenditure and fat oxidation in 16 overweight individuals over an 8-hour period. The 2 diets included breakfast and lunch meals during the measurement period and an evening meal the night before. They comprised core foods of bread/cereals, fruit, vegetables, milk/yogurt, and meat, and either walnuts (walnut diet) or olive oil …

The Effect Of Required Ipads On Library Use, Gary Kaplan, Mslis, Dorothy Berenbrok, Mslis, Daniel G. Kipnis, Msi, Helena Washington, Mls

Academic Commons and Scott Memorial Library Staff Papers and Presentations

OBJECTIVES

Measure the impact on Library use of a new requirement by anaccelerated, one-year nursing program that all students haveiPads loaded with the required texts and determine whether theLibrary should continue offering these books in print.

Poster presented at Medical Library Association Annual Conference, Seattle, WA 2012.

The Effect Of Detraining On Muscle Strength And Cross-Sectional Area Following Unilateral Resistance Training, Herbert Groeller, John Sampson

John Sampson

Muscle strength appears well preserved following short periods of detraining, despite a decline in muscle cross-sectional area and muscle activation. PURPOSE: This study determined the effect a 12-week unilateral elbow flexor resistance training regimen followed by 8 weeks of detraining on muscle cross-sectional area, muscle activation, and dynamic and static strength in trained and non-exercising contralateral limbs. METHODS: Ten males volunteered for the investigation and completed a 4-week pre-treatment training period (50-80%1RM) prior to commencing the experimental resistance training regimen. Subjects attended 3 sessions per week over 12 weeks of experimental training wherein they exercised at 85%1RM. Each subjects trained …

The Effect Of Elbow Flexion Speed And Partial Limb Occlusion On Emg Activity, John Sampson, Herbert Groeller, Darryl Mcandrew, R Achttien, J Stege

John Sampson

This investigation aimed to determine the neuromuscular response of the bicep brachii during heavy (6RM) dynamic resistance exercise performed to volitional exhaustion. Electromyographic (EMG) activity was compared in twelve male subjects performing dominant-limb elbow flexion exercise during four conditions: i) Explosive concentric and eccentric (SSC); ii) Explosive concentric, control eccentric (EC); iii) control (C); and iv) control with limb occlusion (CO) (110mmHg). CO and SSC are reported to increase motor unit activity when compared to control exercise (2 second flexion, 2 second extension). It was hypothesised that EMG activity will be higher in conditions of explosive exercise. Surface EMG activity …

The Effect Of Dairy Consumption On Blood Pressure In Mid-Childhood: Caps Cohort Study, A M. Rangan, V L. Flood, G Denyer, J G. Ayer, K L. Webb, G B. Marks, D S. Celermajer, Tim Gill

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background/objectives: It has been postulated that higher dairy consumption may affect blood pressure regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and blood pressure in mid-childhood. Methods: Subjects (n=335) were participants of a birth cohort at high risk of asthma withinformation on diet at 18 months and blood pressure at 8 years. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of dairy consumption (serves) and micronutrient intakes (mg) at 18 m with blood pressure at 8 y. In a subgroup of children (n=201), dietary intake was measured at age 18 m and 9 y …

Effect Of 6 Weeks' Consumption Of Β-Glucan-Rich Oat Products On Cholesterol Levels In Mildly Hypercholesterolaemic Overweight Adults, Karen E. Charlton, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka J. Batterham, Jane O'Shea, Rebecca Thorne, Eleanor Beck, Susan M. Tosh

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Several regulatory bodies have approved a health claim on the cholesterol-lowering effects of oat β-glucan at levels of 3·0 g/d. The present study aimed to test whether 1·5 g/d β-glucan provided as ready-to-eat oat flakes was as effective in lowering cholesterol as 3·0 g/d from oats porridge. A 6-week randomised controlled trial was conducted in eighty-seven mildly hypercholesterolaemic ( ≥ 5 mmol/l and < 7·5 mmol/l) men and women assigned to one of three diet arms (25 % energy (E%) protein; 45 E% carbohydrate; 30 E% fat, at energy requirements for weight maintenance): (1) minimal β-glucan (control); (2) low-dose oat β-glucan (1·5 g β-glucan; oats low – OL) or (3) higher dose oat β-glucan (3·0 g β-glucan; oats high – OH). Changes in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) from baseline were assessed using a linear mixed model and repeated-measures ANOVA, adjusted for weight change. Total cholesterol reduced significantly in all groups ( − 7·8 (sd 13·8) %, − 7·2 (sd 12·4) % and − 5·5 (sd 9·3) % in the OH, OL and control groups), as did LDL-C ( − 8·4 (sd 18·5) %, − 8·5 (sd 18·5) % and − 5·5 (sd 12·4) % in the OH, OL and control groups), but between-group differences were not significant. In responders only (n 60), β-glucan groups had higher reductions in LDL-C ( − 18·3 (sd 11·1) % and − 18·1 (sd 9·2) % in the OH and OL groups) compared with controls ( − 11·7 (sd 7·9) %; P = 0·044). Intakes of oat β-glucan were as effective at doses of 1·5 g/d compared with 3 g/d when provided in different food formats that delivered similar amounts of soluble β-glucan.

A Comparison Of The Effect Of Mobile Phone Use And Alcohol Consumption On Driving Simulation Performance, Sumie Leung, Rodney J. Croft, Melinda L. Jackson, Mark E. Howard, Raymond J. Mckenzie

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: The present study compared the effects of a variety of mobile phone usage conditions to different levels of alcohol intoxication on simulated driving performance and psychomotor vigilance. Methods: Twelve healthy volunteers participated in a crossover design in which each participant completed a simulated driving task on 2 days, separated by a 1-week washout period. On the mobile phone day, participants performed the simulated driving task under each of 4 conditions: no phone usage, a hands-free naturalistic conversation, a hands-free cognitively demanding conversation, and texting. On the alcohol day, participants performed the simulated driving task at four different blood alcohol …

The Effect Of Exercise On The Skeletal Muscle Phospholipidome Of Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, Todd W. Mitchell, N. Turner, Paul Else, Anthony J. Hulbert, John Hawley, Jong Sam Lee, Clinton Bruce, Stephen J. Blanksby

Stephen Blanksby

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle phospholipid molecular species from high-fat fed rats. Twelve female Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (78.1% energy). The rats were randomly divided into two groups, a sedentary control group and a trained group (125 min of treadmill running at 8 m/min, 4 days/wk for 4 weeks). Forty-eight hours after their last training bout phospholipids were extracted from the red and white vastus lateralis and analyzed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Exercise training was associated with significant alterations in the relative abundance of a …

The Effect Of Exercise On The Skeletal Muscle Phospholipidome Of Rats Fed A High-Fat Diet, Todd W. Mitchell, N. Turner, Paul Else, Anthony J. Hulbert, John Hawley, Jong Sam Lee, Clinton Bruce, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of endurance training on skeletal muscle phospholipid molecular species from high-fat fed rats. Twelve female Sprague- Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet (78.1% energy). The rats were randomly divided into two groups, a sedentary control group and a trained group (125 min of treadmill running at 8 m/min, 4 days/wk for 4 weeks). Forty-eight hours after their last training bout phospholipids were extracted from the red and white vastus lateralis and analyzed by electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Exercise training was associated with significant alterations in the relative abundance of a …

The Effect Of A Tiered Body Armour System On Soldier Physical Mobility, Gregory Peoples, Aaron Silk, Sean Notley, Laura Holland, Brooke Collier, Daniel Lee

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Current military operations involve complex omnipresent threats, resulting in the need for all soldiers, regardless of occupational speciality, to wear body armour during operational deployment. Body armour is typically comprised of both hard and soft armour and is designed to provide ballistic, fragmentation and stab protection. The weight load and bulk of body armour, which is influenced by the materials used and extent of hard and soft armour coverage of the body, has the potential to affect a soldiers physical mobility on the battlefield. Intuitively it would appear logical that as the external load a soldier carries increases there is …

The Effect Of A Calorie Controlled Diet Containing Walnuts On Substrate Oxidation During 8-Hours In A Room Calorimeter, Linda C. Tapsell, Marijka Batterham, Sze Yen Tan, Eva M. Warensjo

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective Dietary macronutrient proportions affect substrate utilization, but in practice people consume foods. We hypothesized that in overweight adults, a calorie controlled diet based on core foods and including walnuts may be advantageous in promoting greater use of fat stores. Methods This crossover study tested the effects of diet-related energy expenditure and fat oxidation in 16 overweight individuals over an 8-hour period. The 2 diets included breakfast and lunch meals during the measurement period and an evening meal the night before. They comprised core foods of bread/cereals, fruit, vegetables, milk/yogurt, and meat, and either walnuts (walnut diet) or olive oil …

The Effect Of Detraining On Muscle Strength And Cross-Sectional Area Following Unilateral Resistance Training, Herbert Groeller, John A. Sampson

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Muscle strength appears well preserved following short periods of detraining, despite a decline in muscle cross-sectional area and muscle activation. PURPOSE: This study determined the effect a 12-week unilateral elbow flexor resistance training regimen followed by 8 weeks of detraining on muscle cross-sectional area, muscle activation, and dynamic and static strength in trained and non-exercising contralateral limbs. METHODS: Ten males volunteered for the investigation and completed a 4-week pre-treatment training period (50-80%1RM) prior to commencing the experimental resistance training regimen. Subjects attended 3 sessions per week over 12 weeks of experimental training wherein they exercised at 85%1RM. Each subjects trained …

Effect Of High Amylose Maize Starches On Colonic Fermentation And Apoptotic Response To Dna-Damage In The Colon Of Rats, Ian L. Brown, Richard K. Le Leu, Graeme P. Young, Ying Hu

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Background

We investigated in rats the effects of feeding different forms of high amylose maize starches (HAMS) rich in resistant starch (RS) to understand what the implications of RS heterogeneity might be for colonic biology, including innate cellular responses to DNA-damage.

Methods

A range of maize starches were compared: digestible cornstarch (Control), HYLON^® VII, Hi-maize^® 1043, Hi-maize^® 240, Hi-maize^® 260 and NOVELOSE^® 330. Included in the comparison was Cellulose. End-points after 4 weeks included: pH, short chain fatty acids (SCFA) levels, colonic epithelial cell kinetics and apoptotic response to carcinogen 'azoxymethane' in the colonic epithelium. …

Preschool Children's Counterfactual Inferences: The Causal Length Effect Revisited, Amy Y. Chan, Jessica C. Scott

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Research into young childrens counterfactual thinking is equivocal about how childrens counterfactual responses to causal events may be affected by the length of the causal inference required. This study examined the causal length effect in 3- and 4-year-old children (N=87). Children participated in two counterfactual inference tasks involving causally-related sequences of events. One task entailed counterfactual emotional judgements about the experience of characters in stories, whereas the other task entailed a counterfactual inference about a potential alternative outcome to a physical event. Children at each age level were randomly assigned to answer test questions that required a long, medium, or …

The Effect Of Counterfactual Priming On Women's Decisions Regarding Mammography Screening, Amy Y. Chan, Jing Wang, Peter Caputi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The counterfactual priming effect occurs when "what if" and "if only" thoughts about one event broadens ones mind-set to consider a more diverse range of evidence and possibilities in a different decision making or problem solving context. This study examined this effect as applied to mammography screening decisions.

The Effect Of A Low Glycemic Index Diet During Pregnancy On Obstetric Outcomes, Robert G. Moses, M J. Luebcke, Warren S. Davis, K J. Coleman, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter Petocz, Jennie C. Brand-Miller

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Effect Of Decorrelation On 3-D Grating Detection With Static And Dynamic Random-Dot Stereograms, Stephen A. Palmisano, Robert S. Allison, Ian P. Howard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Three experiments examined the effects of image decorrelation on the stereoscopic detection of sinusoidal depth gratings in static anddynamic random-dot stereograms (RDS). Detection was found to tolerate greater levels of image decorrelation as: (i) density increasedfrom 23 to 676 dots/deg2; (ii) spatial frequency decreased from 0.88 to 0.22 cpd; (iii) amplitude increased above 0.5 arcmin; and (iv) dotlifetime decreased from 1.6 s (static RDS) to 80 ms (dynamic RDS). In each case, the specific pattern of tolerance to decorrelation couldbe explained by its consequences for image sampling, filtering, and the influence of depth noise.

The Reduced Effect Of Serotonin On Oxygen Consumption During Muscle Contraction In The Autoperfused Rat Hindlimb, Andrew Hoy, Gregory E. Peoples, Peter L. Mclennan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Serotonin (5-HT) has been shown to reduce skeletal muscle oxygen consumption cY 02) during resting conditions in a variety of animal models. It is thought to act through redistribution of blood flow within skeletal muscle directing flow away from muscle tissue (nutritive bed) towards less metabolically active tissue, adipose and septum (non-nutritive bed) by selective vasoconstriction. The aim of this study was to test whether the effects of 5-HT (previously observed under resting conditions) are reproducible during the increased metabolic demand of muscle contraction.