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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Quaternary Calcarenite Stratigraphy On Lord Howe Island, Southwestern Pacific Ocean And The Record Of Coastal Carbonate Deposition, Brendan Brooke, Colin Woodroffe, Colin Murray-Wallace, H Heijnis, Brian Jones
Quaternary Calcarenite Stratigraphy On Lord Howe Island, Southwestern Pacific Ocean And The Record Of Coastal Carbonate Deposition, Brendan Brooke, Colin Woodroffe, Colin Murray-Wallace, H Heijnis, Brian Jones
B. G. Jones
Lord Howe Island is a small, mid-ocean volcanic and carbonate island in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. Skeletal carbonate eolianite and beach calcarenite on the island are divisible into two formations based on lithostratigraphy. The Searles Point Formation comprises eolianite units bounded by clay-rich paleosols. Pore-filling sparite and microsparite are the dominant cements in these eolianite units, and recrystallised grains are common. Outcrops exhibit karst features such as dolines, caves and subaerially exposed relict speleothems. The Neds Beach Formation overlies the Searles Point Formation and consists of dune and beach units bounded by weakly developed fossil soil horizons. These younger deposits …
Recent Sedimentation And Geomorphological Changes, Lake Illawarra, Nsw, Australia, Craig R. Sloss, Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, Bryan E. Chenhall
Recent Sedimentation And Geomorphological Changes, Lake Illawarra, Nsw, Australia, Craig R. Sloss, Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, Bryan E. Chenhall
B. G. Jones
Assessing recent changes in landforms associated with Lake Illawarra was achieved by identifying changes in geomorphological features observed in early mapping of the region, aerial photographs and satellite imagery. Quantifying rates of sedimentation associated with prograding fluvial bay-head deltas and within the central basin of Lake Illawarra was established within the framework of amino acid racemisation, radiocarbon, and cesium 137 dating. Results indicate that sedimentation rates associated with fluvial bay-head deltas range from 31 mm/yr proximal to the delta front and fall to between 3 and 7 mm/yr in the pro-delta region. This is a significant increase in sedimentation rate …
Thermoluminescence Ages For A Reworked Coastal Barrier, Southeastern Vietnam: A Preliminary Report, Colin Murray-Wallace, Brian Jones, Tran Nghi, David Price, Vu Vinh, Trinh Tinh, Gerald Nanson
Thermoluminescence Ages For A Reworked Coastal Barrier, Southeastern Vietnam: A Preliminary Report, Colin Murray-Wallace, Brian Jones, Tran Nghi, David Price, Vu Vinh, Trinh Tinh, Gerald Nanson
B. G. Jones
Thermoluminescence dating of quartz sand (90-125 μm) from the coastal barrier successions between Phan Thiet and Tuy Phong, southeastern Vietnam, reveals that a substantial component was deposited during the last interglacial sensu lato (Oxygen Isotope Stage 5) between 108 and 85 ka. The barrier successions have subsequently, in places, experienced multiple phases of aeolian reworking during the last glacial cycle, and in particular between 62 and 19 ka, possibly related to reduced vegetation cover and landscape instability caused by climatic change. The difficulties of applying the thermoluminescence (TL) method in areas of intense tropical weathering are also examined.
Resource Significance Of Overwash Sand Deposits From The Southern Sydney Basin, Adam D. Switzer, Kevin Pucillo, Brian G. Jones, Edward A. Bryant
Resource Significance Of Overwash Sand Deposits From The Southern Sydney Basin, Adam D. Switzer, Kevin Pucillo, Brian G. Jones, Edward A. Bryant
B. G. Jones
Sand extraction from coastal sand dunes results in significant loss of sand from the natural system, destruction of dune vegetation and dramatic geo-technical modification. This can place significant limitations on land use. The identification of, and extraction from sand bodies that are not part of active coastal barriers or dune structures is therefore considered to be a more environmentally sound practice . Sedimentological investigation of several back-barrier estuarine sequences have located several marine sand deposits within the Illawarra region that meet the above criteria. The action of overwash, possibly by tsunami waves in the late Holocene has deposited large volumes …
Geochemical Comparisons Between Estuaries With Non-Industrialised And Industrialised Catchments: The Huon And Derwent River Estuaries, Tasmania, Brian Jones, Bryan Chenhall, F Debretsion, Adrian Hutton
Geochemical Comparisons Between Estuaries With Non-Industrialised And Industrialised Catchments: The Huon And Derwent River Estuaries, Tasmania, Brian Jones, Bryan Chenhall, F Debretsion, Adrian Hutton
B. G. Jones
The adjacent Huon and Derwent estuaries in Tasmania have similar climatic and physical characteristics, and provide a good comparison between relatively uncontaminated and industrially polluted estuaries, respectively. Representative samples were collected from both estuaries and analysed for grainsize and trace‐element content (using X‐ray fluorescence and neutron activation analyses). The Huon estuary drains a predominantly forested and agricultural catchment and contains low (baseline) concentrations of trace elements, including lead, zinc and copper. In contrast, the Derwent estuary has a geologically similar yet larger catchment and it passes through an industrialised area in the midestuarine reach. A zinc refinery has, in the …
Litho- And Chronostratigraphy Of Holocene Sedimentary Successions Preserved In Lake Illawarra, Nsw, Australia, Craig R. Sloss, Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace
Litho- And Chronostratigraphy Of Holocene Sedimentary Successions Preserved In Lake Illawarra, Nsw, Australia, Craig R. Sloss, Brian G. Jones, Colin V. Murray-Wallace
B. G. Jones
Using a Holocene barrier estuary, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, as an example, a detailed litho- and chrono-stratigraphy of the Holocene estuarine deposits has been investigated. Forty kilometres of seismic surveys, 61 vibracores, supplemented by auger drill holes and trenches, and faunal analysis were used in this study. A detailed chronology of the infilling of the barrier estuary has been established using 121 aspartic acid derived ages and 14 radiocarbon ages. The results provide a detailed chronology for the deposition of marine transgressive deposits between ca. 8 and 5 ka years ago. Barrier growth, initiated with rising sea levels …
Geochemical Consequences Of The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction In A Non-Marine Succession, Sydney Basin, Australia, M Williams, B Jones, P Carr
Geochemical Consequences Of The Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction In A Non-Marine Succession, Sydney Basin, Australia, M Williams, B Jones, P Carr
B. G. Jones
The identification of the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB) and Permian–Triassic mass extinction event (PTME) in eastern Australia is based primarily on palynological and plant fossil evidence with limited δ13Corg data from the northern part of the Sydney Basin. Consequently, the PTB in the Sydney Basin has been placed at the top of the last Permian coal measures. Here we report carbon and nitrogen isotopic data, together with major element, trace element and mineralogical data, for a continuous non‐marine Permian–Triassic (P–Tr) section from the southern Sydney Basin. The PTME is identified by a negative shift in δ13Corg of ~ 3.8‰ occurring approximately …
Geochronology Of Coal Measures In The Sydney Basing From U-Pb Shrimp Dating Of Airfall Tuffs, Paul F. Carr, M Fanning, Brian G. Jones, Adrian C. Hutton
Geochronology Of Coal Measures In The Sydney Basing From U-Pb Shrimp Dating Of Airfall Tuffs, Paul F. Carr, M Fanning, Brian G. Jones, Adrian C. Hutton
B. G. Jones
Zircon-bearing rhyolitic and dacitic airfall tuffs in the Late Permian Sydney Basin coal measures provide ideal chronostratigraphic markers due to their widespread occurrence and rapid emplacement. SHRIMP U-Pb zircon dates for several stratigraphically-controlled airfall tuffs are consistent with their relative ages and biostratigraphic data, and indicate that the Illawarra Coal Measures accumulated in less than ~ 12 million years. Isotopic ages of the A waba Tuff and the Burragorang Claystone Member are indistinguishable within analytical uncertainty and support the correlation of these units proposed previously on the basis of geochemical fingerprinti~g. Deposition of coal-bearing sequences in the southern Sydney Basin …
Heavy Minerals In Modern Sediments Of The Minnamurra Estuary And Shelf Environment, Nsw, Australia, Rabea Haredy, Brian Jones, Adrian Hutton
Heavy Minerals In Modern Sediments Of The Minnamurra Estuary And Shelf Environment, Nsw, Australia, Rabea Haredy, Brian Jones, Adrian Hutton
B. G. Jones
Provenance and sediment distribution have been investigated in the Minnamurra estuary and the adjacent shelf in NSW, Australia. Heavy mineral assemblages in the sand fractions (63-250 f.lm) of 110 surficial sediment samples were assessed using microscopic and microprobe analyses. In addition to the dominant opaque minerals, twelve translucent heavy mineral species were identified. The translucent assemblage is dominated by pyroxene, zircon, tourmaline and hornblende. Statistical cluster analysis of heavy mineral percentages in the surficial sediments revealed the existence of five mineralogical facies: the upper fluvial part of the estuary, the Minnamurra spit and elevated inner sand terrace, the estuary inlet …
The Tectonic Evolution Of A Neo-Tethyan (Eocene-Oligocene) Island-Arc (Walash And Naopurdan Groups) In The Kurdistan Region Of The Northeast Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone, Sarmad Ali, Solomon Buckman, K Aswad, Brian Jones, Sabah Ismail, Allen Nutman
The Tectonic Evolution Of A Neo-Tethyan (Eocene-Oligocene) Island-Arc (Walash And Naopurdan Groups) In The Kurdistan Region Of The Northeast Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone, Sarmad Ali, Solomon Buckman, K Aswad, Brian Jones, Sabah Ismail, Allen Nutman
B. G. Jones
The Walash and Naopurdan groups are incorporated into the lower allochthonous thrust sheet in the Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone (IZSZ). 40Ar–39Ar dates on magmatic feldspar separates from both Walash and Naopurdan volcanic rocks indicate an Eocene–Oligocene age (43.01 ± 0.15 to 24.31 ± 0.60 Ma). The Walash and Naopurdan groups form a thrust sheet that is structurally overlain by an upper allochthon of Cretaceous arc-related rocks (106–92 Ma) now known as the Hasanbag igneous complex (formerly known as the Gemo–Qandil Group). The Walash and Naopurdan lower allochthon is thrust over the foreland basin Red Beds series. Volcanic and subvolcanic units …
The Influence Of Palaeoenvironment And Lava Flux On The Emplacement Of Submarine, Near-Shore Late Permian Basalt Lavas, Sydney Basin (Australia), Paul Carr, Brian Jones
The Influence Of Palaeoenvironment And Lava Flux On The Emplacement Of Submarine, Near-Shore Late Permian Basalt Lavas, Sydney Basin (Australia), Paul Carr, Brian Jones
B. G. Jones
Lava flux and a low palaeoslope were the critical factors in determining the development of different facies in the Late Permian Blow Hole flow, which comprises a series of shoshonitic basalt lavas and associated volcaniclastic detritus in the southern Sydney Basin of eastern Australia. The unit consists of a lower lobe and sheet facies, a middle tube and breccia facies, and an upper columnar-jointed facies. Close similarities in petrography and geochemistry between the basalt lavas from the three facies suggest similar viscosities at similar temperatures. Sedimentological and palaeontological evidence from the sedimentary units immediately below the Blow Hole flow suggests …
Aspartic Acid Racemisation Dating Of Mid-Holocene To Recent Estuarine Sedimentation In New South Wales, Australia: A Pilot Study, C Sloss, C Murray-Wallace, B Jones, T Wallin
Aspartic Acid Racemisation Dating Of Mid-Holocene To Recent Estuarine Sedimentation In New South Wales, Australia: A Pilot Study, C Sloss, C Murray-Wallace, B Jones, T Wallin
B. G. Jones
The degree of aspartic acid racemisation measured in radiocarbon-dated specimens of fossil estuarine molluscs, collected from Lake Illawarra, a Holocene barrier estuary in New South Wales, Australia, is evaluated in the context of results of laboratory-induced racemisation established in heating (simulated ageing) experiments. The general kinetic trend of aspartic acid racemisation in both heating experiments and fossil molluscs Anadara trapezia and Notospisula trigonella conforms to a model of apparent parabolic kinetics. Using the apparent parabolic kinetic model, numeric ages based on the degree of aspartic acid racemisation in the fossil molluscs have been calculated. An aminostratigraphy of the Lake Illawarra …
Recognition Of Late Cretaceous Hasanbag Ophiolite-Arc Rocks In The Kurdistan Region Of The Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone: A Missing Link In The Paleogeography Of The Closing Neotethys Ocean, Sarmad Ali, S Buckman, K Aswad, B Jones, S Ismail, A Nutman
Recognition Of Late Cretaceous Hasanbag Ophiolite-Arc Rocks In The Kurdistan Region Of The Iraqi Zagros Suture Zone: A Missing Link In The Paleogeography Of The Closing Neotethys Ocean, Sarmad Ali, S Buckman, K Aswad, B Jones, S Ismail, A Nutman
B. G. Jones
The Hasanbag igneous complex is situated near Sidekan, 100 km northeast of Erbil city, Kurdistan Region, within the Iraqi Zagros suture zone. It forms part of an ophiolite-bearing terrane referred to as the "Upper Allochthon" or Gemo-Qandil Group. The Hasanbag igneous complex consists predominantly of calc-alkaline basaltic andesites to andesites cut by microgabbro and diorite dikes, which previously were interpreted as a part of the Eocene Walash volcanic group. However, 40Ar-39Ar dates on Hasanbag igneous complex kaersutite (magmatic hornblende) indicate an Albian-Cenomanian age (106-92 Ma). This reveals a previously unrecognized portion of the Late Cretaceous, Neotethyan ophiolite-arc complexes in the …
The Charophyte Lamprothamnium Succinctum As An Environmental Indicator: A Holocene Example From Tom Thumbs Lagoon, Eastern Australia, Adriana Garcia, Brian Jones, Bryan Chenhall, Colin Murray-Wallace
The Charophyte Lamprothamnium Succinctum As An Environmental Indicator: A Holocene Example From Tom Thumbs Lagoon, Eastern Australia, Adriana Garcia, Brian Jones, Bryan Chenhall, Colin Murray-Wallace
B. G. Jones
The palaeobiota from a middle to late Holocene succession in Tom Thumbs Lagoon, N.S.W., Australia, reflects a range of environmental conditions caused by sea-level changes and active estuarine sedimentation. At the base of the succession (~ -0.4 m AHD) a thin bed, containing molluscs dated at 6.7 ka B.P. by radiocarbon and amino acid racemisation, and foraminifers is indicative of open estuarine conditions. From +0.35 m AHD towards the top of the sequence the charophyte Lamprotharanium succinctum occurs in subrecent deposits. This species is charactedsed here by statistical measurements, and new characters are described and illustrated. The charophytes record a …
The Chronostratigraphy Of A Holocene Barrier Estuary: Lake Illawarra Nsw, Craig Sloss, Brian Jones, Colin Murray-Wallace, Charles Mcclennan
The Chronostratigraphy Of A Holocene Barrier Estuary: Lake Illawarra Nsw, Craig Sloss, Brian Jones, Colin Murray-Wallace, Charles Mcclennan
B. G. Jones
Valley-fill sequences, preserved in topographic lows associated with incised valley systems, potentially preserve a record of Holocene sea level fluctuations. A detailed litho- and biostratigraphy of the Holocene barrier estuary, Lake Illawarra, New South Wales has been constructed. Forty kilometres of seismic surveys, forty-one vibracores, supplemented by auger drill holes and trenches, and faunal analysis provides the data for this investigation. A detailed chronology of the infilling of the barrier estuary has been established using 115 aspartic acid derived ages and six radiocarbon ages. The results provide a detailed chronology for the deposition of marine transgressive deposits, barrier growth, and …
Anthropogenic Effects In A Coastal Lagoon: Geochemical Characterization Of Burrill Lake, Nsw, Australia, Brian Jones, Hannah Killian, Bryan Chenhall, Craig Sloss
Anthropogenic Effects In A Coastal Lagoon: Geochemical Characterization Of Burrill Lake, Nsw, Australia, Brian Jones, Hannah Killian, Bryan Chenhall, Craig Sloss
B. G. Jones
Burrill Lake, a small coastal lagoon on the south coast of New South Wales, developed as an impounded drowned river valley following the post-glacial marine transgression. Marine sand fills the entrance to the lagoon whereas the back-barrier basin has accumulated organic-rich mud and sandy bayhead deltas. The bilobate form of the estuary coincides with two different catchment lithologies and land use patterns. The northern lobe drains an agricultural catchment and has a much larger bayhead delta than the southern lobs that drains natural and state forest. Sedimentation rates within the muddy lagoonal deposits are about 1.7 mm/yr. The distributions of …
Trace Metals In Sediments From Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, Bryan Chenhall, Brian Jones, Craig Sloss, Mark O'Donnell, Marrack Payne, Mark Murrie, David Garnett, Helen Waldron
Trace Metals In Sediments From Lake Illawarra, New South Wales, Australia, Bryan Chenhall, Brian Jones, Craig Sloss, Mark O'Donnell, Marrack Payne, Mark Murrie, David Garnett, Helen Waldron
B. G. Jones
Sediments in Lake Illawarra have been investigated by deep and shallow coring to provide a comprehensive appraisal of the sediment-bound natural (background) and more recent (i.e., industrial era) trace metal concentrations. The distribution of Cu, Pb and Zn in the upper 20 cm of sediment is directly related to the proportion of mud-dominated sediment forming the central floor of the lake. Trace metal enrichment factors for Cu, Pb and Zn were generally less than 2.5 with the exception of the southern portion of Griffins Bay where the factors were greater than 1.8, 3.5 and 5.8 for Cu, Pb and Zn …
Fluvial Architecture Of The Hawkesbury Sandstone (Triassic), Near Sydney, Australia, Andrew Miall, Brian Jones
Fluvial Architecture Of The Hawkesbury Sandstone (Triassic), Near Sydney, Australia, Andrew Miall, Brian Jones
B. G. Jones
The Hawkesbury Sandstone has long been assumed to represent the deposits of a large braided river system, comparable in style and magnitude with the modern Brahmaputra River of Bangladesh. Such an interpretation is based mainly on the common occurrence of very large-scale crossbedding, but no architectural studies of the unit have hitherto been carried out. This paper represents a first attempt to estimate the magnitude of Hawkesbury channels and bars on the basis of the preserved architectural evidence. Photomosaics were constructed of two cliff sections south of Sydney, one 5.6 km in length. On the basis of these profiles we …
Anthropogenic Trace Metal Contamination Of Port Kembla Harbour Sediments, Bryan E. Chenhall, Mark O'Donnell, D Garnett, Helen Waldron, Brian G. Jones
Anthropogenic Trace Metal Contamination Of Port Kembla Harbour Sediments, Bryan E. Chenhall, Mark O'Donnell, D Garnett, Helen Waldron, Brian G. Jones
B. G. Jones
Detailed geochemical investigation of the bottom sediments in Port Kembla Harbour using neutron activation (NAA) and X-ray-fluorescence (XRF) techniques has delineated areas severely impacted by anthropogenically-sourced trace elements including potentially toxic metals (Pb, Cu) and metalloids (As and Se). In the south western section of Port Kembla Outer Harbour, copper concentrations in excess of 6000 ppm (~30x ANZECC-ARMCANZ (2000) ISQG-high trigger value) are associated with significant (i.e. above ISQH-high) concentrations oflead, zinc and arsenic. The potential source of sediment contamination here is the Port Kembla Copper (formerly ERS and Southern Copper) smelter. Port Kembla Inner Harbour sediments are geochemically distinct …