Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Contribution To Understanding The Impact Of Variations In Body Mass On Fractionating The Metabolic Burden Of Military Load Carriage, Heather Bowes, Catriona A. Burdon, Nigel A.S. Taylor

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Purpose: The oxygen cost associated with load carriage is dependent upon both its mass and its placement about the body. For occupations in which load carriage is routinely performed, and involves identical loads for all individuals, the relative metabolic cost varies inversely with body mass. However, whilst we understand the average impact of varying load placement, our appreciation of its impact on a morphologically diverse, contemporary workforce is very limited. Methods:The relationship between load placement and body mass was evaluated in 65 men (23.0 y [SD 3.0]; 80.5 kg [SD 1.7]: range 56.0-109.8 kg), matched for height-adjusted adiposity (59.3 mm …

Organic Geochemistry Of Non-Marine Permian-Triassic Mass Extinction (Ptme) Sections In The Sydney Basin, Australia, Simon George, Megan L. Williams, Justine Wheeler, Shirin Baydjanova, Nathan Camilleri, Benjamin Hanssen, Regina Maher, Uvana Meek, Adrian Nelson, Caiden O'Connor, William Porter, Brian G. Jones

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Most organic geochemical studies of the Permian-Triassic mass extinction (PTME) have utilised marine sections, and the boundary is readily identified by a negative carbon isotope excursion. It is now well understood from various locations around the world that the marine ecosystem collapse is accompanied by biomarker evidence for photic zone euxinia, including isorenieratane, crocetane and 2,3,6-aryl isoprenoids (e.g. Grice et al., 2005). Far fewer studies have been carried out on non-marine PTME sections, and in particular no biomarker studies have been carried out on Australian sections, despite there being extensive Permian and Triassic sequences in eastern Australia, notably in the …

Lean Body Mass Associated With Upper Body Strength In Healthy Older Adults While Higher Body Fat Limits Lower Extremity Performance And Endurance, Karen E. Charlton, Marijka Batterham, Kelly Langford, Jenna Lateo, Erin Brock, Karen L. Walton, Philippa M. Lyons-Wall, Katie Eisenhauer, Nick Green, Cameron Mclean

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Impaired strength adversely influences an older person's ability to perform activities of daily living. A cross-sectional study of 117 independently living men and women (age = 73.4 9.4 year; body mass index (BMI) = 27.6 4.8 kg/m2) aimed to assess the association between body composition and: (1) upper body strength (handgrip strength, HGS); (2) lower extremity performance (timed up and go (TUG) and sit to stand test (STS)); and (3) endurance (6-minute walk (SMWT). Body composition (% fat; lean body mass (LBM)) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Habitual physical activity was measured using the Minnesota Leisure Time Physical Activity Questionnaire …

Infrared Imaging As A Non-Invasive Tool For Documenting Maggot Mass Temperatures, Aidan P. Johnson, James F. Wallman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Forensic entomology relies on the ability to predict the temperatures to which maggots have been exposed, due to the resultant impact on their growth rate. Mercury thermometers and electrical temperature sensors have traditionally been used to record temperatures of maggot masses, cadavers and the surrounding soil and air. However, these techniques are limited to one measurement at a time and thus may not accurately describe the complexities of the thermal environment of the cadaver. Infrared imaging has gained increasing popularity because of its resolution, affordability and portability. Using decomposing pig carcasses, the current study showed that surface temperature measurements recorded …

Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry For The Characterisation Of Polymers And Polymer Additives: A Review, Martin R. L Paine, Philip J. Barker, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The purpose of this review is to showcase the present capabilities of ambient sampling and ionisation technologies for the analysis of polymers and polymer additives by mass spectrometry (MS) while simultaneously highlighting their advantages and limitations in a critical fashion. To qualify as an ambient ionisation technique, the method must be able to probe the surface of solid or liquid samples while operating in an open environment, allowing a variety of sample sizes, shapes, and substrate materials to be analysed. The main sections of this review will be guided by the underlying principle governing the desorption/extraction step of the analysis; …

Desorption Electrospray Ionisation Mass Spectrometry Of Stabilised Polyesters Reveals Activation Of Hindered Amine Light Stabilisers, Martin R.L Paine, Ganna Gryn'ova, Michelle L. Coote, Philip J. Barker, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The use of hindered amine light stabilizers (HALS) to retard thermo- and photo-degradation of polymers has become increasingly common. Proposed mechanisms of polymer stabilisation involve significant changes to the HALS chemical structure; however, reports of the characterisation of these modified chemical species are limited. To better understand the fate of HALS and determine their in situ modifications, desorption electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) was employed to characterise ten commercially available HALS present in polyester-based coil coatings. TINUVIN® 770, 292, 144, 123, 152, and NOR371; HOSTAVIN® 3052, 3055, 3050, and 3058 were separately formulated with a pigmented, thermosetting polyester resin, cured …

Uv Photodissociation Action Spectroscopy Of Haloanilinium Ions In A Linear Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer, Christopher S. Hansen, Benjamin B. Kirk, Stephen J. Blanksby, Richard A. J O'Hair, Adam J. Trevitt

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

UV-vis photodissociation action spectroscopy is becoming increasingly prevalent because of advances in, and commercial availability of, ion trapping technologies and tunable laser sources. This study outlines in detail an instrumental arrangement, combining a commercial ion-trap mass spectrometer and tunable nanosecond pulsed laser source, for performing fully automated photodissociation action spectroscopy on gas-phase ions. The components of the instrumentation are outlined, including the optical and electronic interfacing, in addition to the control software for automating the experiment and performing online analysis of the spectra. To demonstrate the utility of this ensemble, the photodissociation action spectra of 4-chloroanilinium, 4-bromoanilinium, and 4-iodoanilinium cations …

Surface Analysis Of Lipids By Mass Spectrometry: More Than Just Imaging, Shane R. Ellis, Simon H. Brown, Marc In Het Panhuis, Stephen J. Blanksby, Todd W. Mitchell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Mass spectrometry is now an indispensable tool for lipid analysis and is arguably the driving force in the renaissance of lipid research. In its various forms, mass spectrometry is uniquely capable of resolving the extensive compositional and structural diversity of lipids in biological systems. Furthermore, it provides the ability to accurately quantify molecular-level changes in lipid populations associated with changes in metabolism and environment; bringing lipid science to the "omics" age. The recent explosion of mass spectrometry-based surface analysis techniques is fuelling further expansion of the lipidomics field. This is evidenced by the numerous papers published on the subject of …

Product Branching Fractions Of The Ch + Propene Reaction From Synchrotron Photoionization Mass Spectrometry, Adam J. Trevitt, Matthew B. Prendergast, Fabien Goulay, John D. Savee, David L. Osborn, Craig A. Taatjes, Stephen R. Leone

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The CH(X2Π) + propene reaction is studied in the gas phase at 298 K and 4 Torr (533.3 Pa) using VUV synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry. The dominant product channel is the formation of C4H6 (m/z 54) + H. By fitting experimental photoionization spectra to measured spectra of known C4H6 isomers, the following relative branching fractions are obtained: 1,3-butadiene (0.63 ± 0.13), 1,2-butadiene (0.25 ± 0.05), and 1-butyne (0.12 ± 0.03) with no detectable contribution from 2-butyne. The CD + propene reaction is also studied and two product channels are observed that correspond to C4H6 (m/z 54) + D and C4H5D …

Rapid Differentiation Of Isomeric Lipids By Photodissociation Mass Spectrometry Of Fatty Acid Derivatives, Huong T. Pham, Adam J. Trevitt, Todd W. Mitchell, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

RATIONALE Both traditional electron ionization and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry have demonstrated limitations in the unambiguous identification of fatty acids. In the former case, high electron energies lead to extensive dissociation of the radical cations from which little specific structural information can be obtained. In the latter, conventional collision-induced dissociation (CID) of even-electron ions provides little intra-chain fragmentation and thus few structural diagnostics. New approaches that harness the desirable features of both methods, namely radical-driven dissociation with discrete energy deposition, are thus required.

METHODS Herein we describe the derivatization of a structurally diverse suite of fatty acids as 4-iodobenzyl …

Automated Surface Sampling Of Lipids From Worn Contact Lenses Coupled With Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Simon H. Brown, Liam H. Huxtable, Mark D. P Willcox, Stephen J. Blanksby, Todd W. Mitchell

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The deposition of biological material (biofouling) onto polymeric contact lenses is thought to be a major contributor to lens discomfort and hence discontinuation of wear. We describe a method to characterize lipid deposits directly from worn contact lenses utilizing liquid extraction surface analysis coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LESA-MS/MS). This technique effected facile and reproducible extraction of lipids from the contact lens surfaces and identified lipid molecular species representing all major classes present in human tear film. Our data show that LESA-MS/MS is a rapid and comprehensive technique for the characterization of lipid-related biofouling on polymer surfaces.

Paint Spray Mass Spectrometry For The Detection Of Additives From Polymers On Conducting Surfaces, Martin R.L Paine, Philip J. Barker, Stephen J. Blanksby

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Paint Spray is developed as a direct sampling ionisation method for mass spectrometric analysis of additives in polymer-based surface coatings. The technique simply involves applying an external high voltage (5 kV) to the wetted sample placed in front of the mass spectrometer inlet and represents a much simpler ionisation technique compared to those currently available. The capabilities of Paint Spray are demonstrated herein with the detection of four commercially available hindered amine light stabilisers; TINUVIN® 770, TINUVIN® 292, TINUVIN® 123 and TINUVIN® 152 directly from thermoset polyester-based coil coatings. Paint Spray requires no sample preparation or pre-treatment and combined with …

Increased Intake Of Dietary Polyunsaturated Fat Does Not Promote Whole Body Or Preferential Abdominal Fat Mass Loss In Overweight Adults, Sze-Yen Tan, Marijka Batterham, Linda Tapsell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: There is evidence that increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a diet can enhance the rate of fat oxidation acutely. Higher PUFA in a diet has also been associated with greater abdominal fat loss in longer term studies. This study aimed to investigate if higher PUFA intake would result in greater fat mass loss over a 12-week period, mainly from the abdominal region.

Methods: Data at the 12-week time point from two weight loss studies, both comparing high PUFA versus low PUFA diets was, accessed for 141 overweight subjects from the same area. Specifically, data on …

Influenza Outbreaks During World Youth Day 2008 Mass Gathering, Christopher C. Blyth, Hong Foo, Sebastiaan J. Van Hal, Aeron C. Hurt, Ian G. Barr, Ken Mcphie, Paul K. Armstrong, William D. Rawlinson, Vicky Sheppeard, Stephen Conaty, Michael Staff, Dominic E. Dwyer, V Sintchenko, G L. Gilbert, N Komadina, R Shaw, S Adamson, J Fizzell, P M. Fennell, F Ba Alawi, S Corbett, K Weston, G Truman, O Nguyen, J Paterson, S Gabriele, C Moreira, B Forssman, M Cretikos, P Maywood, V Bowden, C Lowbridge, S Williams, M Torres, L Heron

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Influenza outbreaks during mass gatherings have been rarely described, and detailed virologic assessment is lacking. An influenza outbreak occurred during World Youth Day in Sydney, Australia, July 2008 (WYD2008). We assessed epidemiologic data and respiratory samples collected from attendees who sought treatment for influenza-like illness at emergency clinics in Sydney during this outbreak. Isolated influenza viruses were compared with seasonal influenza viruses from the 2008 influenza season. From 100 infected attendees, numerous strains were identified: oseltamivir-resistant influenza A (H1N1) viruses, oseltamivir-sensitive influenza A (H1N1) viruses, influenza A (H3N2) viruses, and strains from both influenza B lineages (B/Florida/4/2006-like and B/Malaysia/2506/2004-like). Novel …

Performance Of Body Mass Index In Predicting Diabetes And Hypertension In The Eastern Province Of Saudi Arabia, Ali M. Almajwal, Nadira A. Al-Baghli, Marijka J. Batterham, Peter G. Williams, Khalid A. Al-Turki, Aqeel J. Al-Ghamdi

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: BMI is the most widely used measure to diagnose obesity but its accuracy and usefulness in Saudi subjects is unknown. This study aimed to assess the validity of standard BMI cut-point values in the Saudi population. SUBJECTS/ METHODS: 197,681 adults participated in a cross-sectional study to detect diabetes and hypertension in the Saudi Eastern province in 2004/5, with blood pressure, fasting blood sugar, height and weight measurements taken. Sensitivities, specificities, areas under the curves, predictive values, likelihood ratios, false positive, false negatives and total misclassification ratios were calculated for various BMI values determined from receiver operating characteristic …

Two High-Amylose Maize Starches With Different Amounts Of Resistant Starch Vary In Their Effects On Fermentation, Tissue And Digesta Mass Accretion, And Bacterial Populations In The Large Bowel Of Pigs, Anthony R. Bird, Michelle Vuaran, Ian L. Brown, David L. Topping

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Four groups of young pigs (n 6) were fed a diet containing 50 % maize starch as either a highly digestible waxy starch (control; 0 % amylose) or one of three resistant starch (RS) diets, namely a high-amylose maize starch (HAMS; 85 % amylose), this starch subjected to hydrothermal treatment (HTHAMS; 85 % amylose), or a blend of HAMS and HTHAMS included in equal amounts, for 21 d. Food intake and live weight at the end of the study were similar among the four groups. Ileal starch digestibility was lower in pigs fed the three RS diets but was …

Continued Declines Of Black Abalone Along The Coast Of California: Are Mass Mortalities Related To El Nino Events?, Peter Raimondi, C M. Wilson, Richard E. Ambrose, John M. Engle, Todd Minchinton

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The intertidal black abalone Haliotis cracherodii has experienced mass mortalities along the coast of California, USA, since the mid-1980s. Mortality is due to infection by a pathogen that leads to a fatal wasting disease called Œwithering syndrome¹, where the foot of the abalone atrophies until it can no longer adhere to the substratum. Massive die-offs due to withering syndrome were first noted on the Channel Islands in 1986, and by 1992 withering syndrome was observed near Point Conception on the mainland and was suspected to be spreading northward up the coast of California. The timing of the initial mass mortalities …