Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Strength Gain At Little Cost? Feasibility Of 'Low Load' Eccentric Cycling As A Tool For Strength Gain In Sedentary Men, Michael Lewis, Gregory Peoples, Herb Groeller, Marc Brown

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Symptomatic reporting is a common issue in exercise rehabilitation. When traditional concentric aerobic exercise is used as an exercise stimulus, dyspnoea and fatigue are often reported by elderly5 and by cohorts with cardiorespiratory pathology3. Among the unique attributes of eccentric aerobic exercise is lower metabolic and cardiovascular demand for a given workload 1 ,2. This makes eccentric aerobic exercise more suitable for long-term adherence in rehabilitation. Although, extremely 'high load' eccentric cycling interventions have shown improvements in strength measurements4, no 'low load' eccentric cycling studies have been performed to determine if strength adaptations are feasible. Therefore, this study determined if …

Does A Low Glycaemic Index (Gi) Diet Cost More During Pregnancy?, Jane Cleary, Shelly Casey, Clare Hofsteede, Robert G. Moses, Marianna Milosavljevic, Jennie Brand-Miller

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The aim of this study was to examine the monetary cost of dietary change among pregnant women before and after receiving low glycaemic index (GI) dietary advice. The pregnant women in this study were a subgroup of participants in the Pregnancy and Glycaemic Index Outcomes (PREGGIO) study. Twenty women from the low GI dietary advice group, who had completed their pregnancies, were randomly chosen. All these women had completed three day food records at 12–16 weeks and again around 36 weeks of gestation. Consumer food prices were applied to recorded dietary intake data. The mean ± SD GI of the …

The Interaction Of Body Armor, Low-Intensity Exercise, And Hot-Humid Conditions On Physiological Strain And Cognitive Function, Joanne N. Caldwell, Lian Engelen, Charles Van Der Henst, Mark J. Patterson, Nigel A.S Taylor

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: This project was aimed at evaluating the impact of combat armor on physiological and cognitive functions during low-intensity exercise in hot-humid conditions (36°C and 60% relative humidity). Methods: Nine males participated in three trials (2.5 hours), walking at two speeds and wearing different protective equipment: control (combat uniform and cloth hat); torso armor with uniform and cloth hat; and full armor (uniform, torso armor, and helmet). Results: As time progressed, core temperatures increased and deviated signifi cantly among trials, rising at 0.37°C h −1 (control), 0.41°C h −1 (torso armor), and 0.51°C h −1 (full armor). Heart rates also …

Variation In Seagrass Biomass Estimates In Low And High Density Settings: Implications For The Selection Of Sample Size, Mustafa K. Hossain, Kerrylee Rogers, Neil Saintilan

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Few seagrass biomass monitoring studies have considered the adequacy of monitoring intensity in their design. Power analysis is now widely used in ecological monitoring to determine sample size (replication) and the power (probability of not making a Type II error) of the monitoring design to detect change (effect size). We investigated seasonal variation of above-ground biomass of Zostera species at Woolooware Bay, Botany Bay, NSW and Ukerebagh Channel, Tweed River, NSW to show that seagrass biomass varies significantly between sites and seasonally. By conducting preliminary power analysis at each study site we found that our sampling design would only detect …

Effects Of High And Low Breast Support On Breast Kinematics And Kinetics During Treadmill Running, Deirdre Mcghee, Julie R. Steele, William J. Zealey

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Results: The mean vertical component of the peak bra/breast spring force during treadmill running was greatest during the downward breast trajectory and was approximately 30% less in the high breast support condition (13 N ± 7 N) compared to the low support condition (17 N ± 10 N). This force reduction was accompanied by a 300% decrease in breast and bra discomfort. Conclusion: Wearing a well-fitted supportive sports bra is recommended for females with large breasts to reduce the breast forces and, in tum, exercise induced breast and bra discomfort during physical activity such as treadmill running.

Aripiprazole Differentially Affects Mesolimbic And Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Transmission: Implications For Long-Term Drug Efficacy And Low Extrapyramidal Side-Effects, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng, Mei Han

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Aripiprazole has been used effectively to treat schizophrenia in the clinic ; however, its mechanisms ofaction are not clear. This study examined how short- and long-term aripiprazole treatment affects dopaminergic transmission in mesolimbic and nigrostriatal pathways. For comparison, the effects of haloperidol and olanzapine treatment were also examined. Aripiprazole significantly increased D2 receptor mRNA expression and decreased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mRNA expression in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) after 1- and 12-wk treatment, but had no effect in substantia nigra (SN) and nucleus accumbens (NAc). Aripiprazole also decreased dopamine transporter (DAT) binding density in NAc (for 1- and 12- wk …

A Food-Based Dietary Strategy Lowers Blood Pressure In A Low Socio-Economic Setting: A Randomised Study In South Africa, Karen E. Charlton, Naomi Levitt, Krisela Steyn, Deborah Jonathan, Nomonde Gwebushe, Nasheeta Peer, Katja Rossouw, Theresa Gogela, Carl J. Lombard

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective To assess the impact of a food-based intervention on blood pressure (BP) in free-living South African men and women aged 50–75 years, with drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertension.

Methods A double-blind controlled trial was undertaken in eighty drug-treated mild-to-moderate hypertensive subjects randomised to an intervention (n 40) or control (n 40) arm. The intervention was 8-week provision of six food items with a modified cation content (salt replacement (SOLO™), bread, margarine, stock cubes, soup mix and a flavour enhancer) and 500 ml of maas (fermented milk)/d. The control diet provided the same quantities of the targeted foods but of …

Prevalence Of Low Serum Folate And Vitamin B12 In An Older Australian Population, Victoria M. Flood, Wayne T. Smith, Karen L. Webb, Elena Rochtchina, Valerie Anderson, Paul Mitchell

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Objective: To examine the prevalence of low serum folate and vitamin B12, in association with elevated serum homocysteine, in a representative sample of older Australians. Methods: During 1997-2000, 3,508 persons aged 50+ years were examined in a population-based cohort study conducted in two postcodes, west of Sydney, Australia. Of these, 2,901 participants (82.7%) provided fasting blood for estimates of serum folate, vitamin B12 and total homocysteine. Results: Low serum B12 (<185 pmol>/L) was found in 22.9% of participants and low serum folate (<6.8 nmol/L) in 2.3% of participants. Among those people with very low serum vitamin B12 (<125 pmol/L) and low serum folate, 51% had elevated homocysteine. Conclusions: Low serum levels of vitamin B12 and elevated serum homocysteine are relatively frequent in older Australians. Implications: Appropriate public health action should be considered to reduce the prevalence of low serum vitamin B12 and elevated homocysteine in older Australians.

Low-Dose/High-Concentration Localized Botulinum Toxin A Improves Upper Limb Movement And Function In Children With Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy, Kevin Lowe, Iona Novak, Anne Cusick

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

The objective was to determine the effects of low-dose, highconcentration, dual localized botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections on upper limb movement quality and function. Study design was an evaluator-blinded, randomized, controlled trial. Forty-two children (31 males, 11 females; range 2–8y, mean 4y [SD 1.6]) with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (Gross Motor Function Classification System level I)participated. All received occupational therapy. The treatment group (n=21) received one injection series (mean muscles injected 6 [SD 1.05]; total dose 82–220 units, mean 139 [SD 37.48]; dilution 100 units/0.5ml). Primary outcome of Quality of Upper Extremity Skills Test (QUEST) at 6 months was not significant …

The Effect Of A Low Glycemic Index Diet During Pregnancy On Obstetric Outcomes, Robert G. Moses, M J. Luebcke, Warren S. Davis, K J. Coleman, Linda C. Tapsell, Peter Petocz, Jennie C. Brand-Miller

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

Abstract presented at The 2006 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Nutrition Society of Australia, 29 November - 2 December, Sydney, Australia

Low And High Trait Impulsiveness In The Stop-Signal Task: Underlying Differences In Erps But Not Performance, Aneta Dimoska, Stuart J. Johnstone

Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)

No abstract provided.

Enzyme Activity And Flexibility At Very Low Hydration, V Kurkal, R M. Daniel, John L. Finney, Moeava Tehei, R V. Dunn, Jeremy C. Smith

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

Recent measurements have demonstrated enzyme activity at hydrations as low as 3%. This raises the question of whether hydration-induced enzyme flexibility is important for activity. Here, to address this, picosecond dynamic neutron scattering experiments are performed on pig liver esterase powders at 0%, 3%, 12%, and 50% hydration by weight and at temperatures ranging from 120 to 300 K. At all temperatures and hydrations, significant quasielastic scattering intensity is found in the protein, indicating the presence of anharmonic, diffusive motion. As the hydration increases, a temperature-dependent dynamical transition appears and strengthens involving additional diffusive motion. The implication of these results …

Low Cost Technology For Monitoring Sustainable Development, R John Morrison, Ursula Kaly, Alifereti Tawake, Batiri Thaman

Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A

The term 'sustainable development' first appeared in a significant way in the World Conservation Strategy (IUCN 1980), but the basic ideas had been discussed much earlier. 'Ecologically sustainable development' became particularly popular after the publication of Our Common Future, the Brundtland report (WCED 1987). Many agencies claim that their work is highly dependent on, or governed by, sustainable development or sustainability principles. One of the major problems with the concept of sustainability, however, is that, while many people claim to be utilising sustainability principles, there is often little evidence to confirm this. Supporting data are frequently absent, perhaps because …