Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

International Terrorism:Role ,Responsibility And Operation Of Media Channles, Ratnesh Dwivedi Mr

Ratnesh Dwivedi

"Terrorism" is a term that cannot be given a stable defintion. Or rather, it can, but to do so forstalls any attempt to examine the major feature of its relation to television in the contemporary world. As the central public arena for organising ways of picturing and talking about social and political life, TV plays a pivotal role in the contest between competing defintions, accounts and explanations of terrorism. Which term is used in any particular context is inextricably tied to judgemements about the legitimacy of the action in question and of the political system against which it is directed. …

Eloquence And Reason: Creating A First Amendment Culture, Robert L. Tsai

Robert L Tsai

This book presents a general theory to explain how the words in the Constitution become culturally salient ideas, inscribed in the habits and outlooks of ordinary Americans. "Eloquence and Reason" employs the First Amendment as a case study to illustrate that liberty is achieved through the formation of a common language and a set of organizing beliefs. The book explicates the structure of First Amendment language as a distinctive discourse and illustrates how activists, lawyers, and even presidents help to sustain our First Amendment belief system. When significant changes to constitutional law occur, they are best understood as the results …

A Darwinist View Of The Living Constitution, Scott Dodson

Scott Dodson

The metaphor of a “living" Constitution imports terms from biology into law and, in the process, relies on biology for its meaning. A proper understanding of biology is therefore central to understanding living constitutionalism. Yet despite its rampant use by both opponents and proponents of living constitutionalism, and despite the current fervent debate over whether biology can be useful to the law, no one has evaluated the metaphor from a biological perspective.

This Essay begins that inquiry in an interdisciplinary study of law, science, and philology. The Essay first evaluates the metaphor as it is currently used and concludes that …

Advanced Literacy: An Integrated Approach To The Grammar & Composition Course, Heather W. Allen

Heather Willis Allen

The Persistence Of Stereotyped Dialect Features Among Portuguese-American Immigrants From São Miguel, Azores, David J. Silva

David Silva

Bridging Politics And Science, Carl E. Marklund

Carl Marklund

Dissertation Summary In this dissertation I have tried to map how the concept of “social engineering” has been used from its inception in the early 1890s to the beginning of its decline in the late 1940s. The study concentrates upon the 1930s. In particular, I have asked who used this concept, in what contexts, and against which adversaries. I have taken most of my material from Sweden and the USA since both of these countries have been seen as examples of successful “organization of modernity.” And social engineering is indeed often taken to be exactly that—an attempt at organizing modernity.

Exceptionality And Variation In Modern Hebrew Spirantization, Michal Temkin Martinez

Michal Temkin Martinez

No abstract provided.

On The Topic Of Pseudoclefts, Ileana Paul

Ileana Paul

This paper presents arguments in favor of a pseudocleft analysis of a certain class of sentences in Malagasy, despite the lack of an overt wh-element. It is shown that voice morphology on the verb creates an operator-variable relationship much like the one created by wh-movement in free relatives in English and other languages. The bulk of the paper argues in favor of an inversion analysis of specificational pseudoclefts in Malagasy: a predicate DP is fronted to a topic position from within a small clause constituent. Moreover, it is shown that the same inversion occurs in equative and specificational sentences in …

Contingent Optionality, Eric Baković

Benjamin L. Harwood

No abstract provided.

Teaching Grammar And The Need To Ensure That Techniques Match Grammatical Structures, Arshad Abd Samad

Arshad Abd Samad

The teaching of grammar has always been bogged down by the issue of whether it should be taught explicitly or implicitly. The history of language teaching has seen numerous pendulum swings from teaching grammar explicitly to a more discovery or implicit teaching of grammar and back to didactic, teacher fronted approaches. We are aware of the Grammar Translation Method, the Direct Method, the Audiolingual Method, and more recently the Communicative Approach – all of which presented grammar either explicitly or implicitly to varying degrees. Writing recently, however, DeKeyser (2005) bemoans the lack of a serious and concerted effort to teach …

Perception Of Gestural Overlap And Self-Organizing Phonological Contrasts, Alexei Kochetov

Alexei Kochetov

No abstract provided.

Language Socialization And The Linguistic Anthropology Of Education, Betsy R. Rymes

Betsy Rymes

To understand how the field of Language Socialization has developed with respect to the Linguistic Anthropology of Education, this entry traces the connections between these categorizations of research from their current coinage to their roots in linguistic anthropology as a whole.

Automated Diagnostic Writing Tests: Why? How?, Elena Cotos, Nick Pendar

Elena Cotos

Diagnostic language assessment can greatly benefit from a collaborative union of computer-assisted language testing (CALT) and natural language processing (NLP). Currently, most CALT applications mainly allow for inferences about L2 proficiency based on learners’ recognition and comprehension of linguistic input and hardly concern language production (Holland, Maisano, Alderks, & Martin, 1993). NLP is now at a stage where it can be used or adapted for diagnostic testing of learner production skills. This paper explores the viability of NLP techniques for the diagnosis of L2 writing by analyzing the state of the art in current diagnostic language testing, reviewing the existing …

Automatic Identification Of Discourse Moves In Scientific Article Introductions, Elena Cotos, Nick Pendar

Elena Cotos

This paper reports on the first stage of building an educational tool for international graduate students to improve their academic writing skills. Taking a text-categorization approach, we experimented with several models to automatically classify sentences in research article introductions into one of three rhetorical moves. The paper begins by situating the project within the larger framework of intelligent computer-assisted language learning. It then presents the details of the study with very encouraging results. The paper then concludes by commenting on how the system may be improved and how the project is intended to be pursued and evaluated.

Phonological Inference And Word Recognition: Evidence From Korean, Joe Pater, Shinsook Lee

Joe Pater

Gaskell and Marslen-Wilson (1996) use data from cross-modal priming to show that word recognition involves phonological inference: listeners more readily recognize a word that is changed from its canonical form if that change is conditioned by a phonological process. Subsequent research has questioned whether word recognition does in fact involve phonological inference, based on evidence that perceptual compensation for assimilation can involve universal, rather than language-specific mechanisms (Gow 2003) and on evidence that changes are accepted even outside of the context in which they are phonologically conditioned (Wheeldon and Waksler 2004). We present new evidence for phonological inference based on …

The Serial Interaction Of Stress And Syncope, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

Many languages respect the generalization that some or all unstressed vowels are deleted. This generalization proves elusive in classic Optimality Theory, however. The source of the problem is classic OT’s parallel evaluation, which requires that the effects of stress assignment and syncope be optimized together. This article argues for a version of OT called Harmonic Serialism, in which the effects of stress assignment and syncope can and must be evaluated sequentially. The results are potentially applicable to other domains where process interaction is best understood in derivational terms.

The Gradual Path To Cluster Simplification, John J. Mccarthy

John J. McCarthy

When a medial consonant cluster is simplified by deletion or place assimilation, the first consonant is affected, but never the second one: /patka/ becomes [paka] and not *[pata]; /panpa/ becomes [pampa] and not [panta]. This article accounts for that observation within a derivational version of Optimality Theory called Harmonic Serialism. In Harmonic Serialism, the final output is reached by a series of derivational steps that gradually improve harmony. If there is no gradual, harmonically improving path from a given underlying representation to a given surface representation, this mapping is impossible in Harmonic Serialism, even if it would be allowed in …

Prácticas De Lectoescritura En Los Exvotos, Maria Eugenia De Luna Villalón

Maria Eugenia De Luna Villalón

Prácticas de Lectoescritura en los Exvotos Abstract Maria Eugenia de Luna University of Western Ontario mdelunav@uwo.ca En este trabajo estudio las prácticas de lectoescritura en los exvotos, su producción y usos, tomando en cuenta que las prácticas de lectoescritura nos ayudan a tener una mejor idea del concepto de cómo se unen en la práctica la escritura y la lectura con las estructuras sociales. Un exvoto es un documento lleno de información tanto visual como narrativa y gracias a estos se puede decir que se tienen un acervo histórico popular, donde a través de los siglos podemos ver ilustrados y …

Leer Y Escribir En Español: Una Manera De Mantener La L1 De Inmigrantes Mexicanos En Canadá, Maria Eugenia De Luna Villalón

Maria Eugenia De Luna Villalón

No abstract provided.

Accounting Research, Richard Buttny

Richard Buttny

No abstract provided.

Lexical Representation Of Second Language Words: Implications For Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition And Use, Ana I. Schwartz, Li-Hao Yeh, Moira P. Shaw

Ana I Schwartz

The goal of the present study was to examine whether cross-language activation of a bilingual’s native language influences the processing of lexical ambiguity within a second language. Highly proficient Spanish-English bilinguals performed a semantic verification task in which sentence frames were followed by the presentation of the final word of the sentence (the prime word). Participants then decided whether a follow-up target word was related to the meaning of the sentence. On critical trials the sentences ended in a semantically ambiguous word that was either a cognate with Spanish (e.g., novel), or a noncognate control matched on frequency and length …

Cross-Language Mediated Priming: Effects Of Context And Lexical Relationship, Ana I. Schwartz, Ana B. Areas Da Luz Fontes

Ana I Schwartz

We examined how linguistic context influences the nature of bilingual lexical activation. We hypothesized that in single-word context, form-related words would receive the strongest activation while, in sentence context, semantically related words would receive the strongest activation. Spanish-English bilinguals performed a semantic verification task on English target words preceded by a prime. On critical trials, the prime and target words were paired based either on a form-mediated relationship through the native language (L1), [e.g., bark (barco): BOAT] (Experiment 1) or on a semantically-mediated relationship [e.g., boat (barco): BARK] (Experiment 2). The prime word was presented either in isolation or after …

Using Cognates To Investigate Cross-Language Competition In Second Language Processing, Gretchen Sunderman, Ana I. Schwartz

Ana I Schwartz

No abstract provided.

Exceptions Encoded At The Segmental Level, Michal Temkin Martinez

Michal Temkin Martinez

This paper discusses the need for including treatment of exceptions as segmental-level phenomena in the theory as evidenced from exceptional cases to spirantization in Modern Hebrew. A prespecification approach is used to provide an Optimality Theoretic account for words containing both regularly spirantizing and exceptional segments. Previous word-level analyses fail to account for such forms by dealing with exceptions as whole-word phenomena, allowing only words in which segments are either exceptions or regularly alternating.

Phonetics In Phonology: Evidence From Scottish Gaelic Preaspiration [Poster], Ian D. Clayton

Ian D. Clayton

No abstract provided.

How To Sluice In The Wh-In-Situ Language Malagasy, Ileana Paul, Eric Potsdam

Ileana Paul

No abstract provided.

La Syntaxe, La Morphologie Et La Phonologie De La Réduction Dans Les Titres, Ivan Chow, Volha Kharytonava, Mikalai Kliashchuk, Ileana Paul

Ileana Paul

Le présent article examine le cas de la réduction dans les titres de journaux avec les données de plusieurs langues. Nous constatons qu’il existe plusieurs types de réduction: la réduction syntaxique, morphophonologique, et la réduction phonétique. Nous faisons un survol des différents types et nous laissons pour la recherche future une analyse plus détaillée des structures.

The Linguistic Similarities Of Spanish Heritage And Second Language Learners, Andrew Lynch

Andrew Lynch

This article addresses the situation of lower-proficiency heritage language learners of Spanish in terms of their linguistic similarities to second language learners. The analysis highlights grammatical and lexical features in the oral discourse of Spanish heritage and second language learners at intermediate and advanced levels of study, establishing common linguistic ground between the two groups. Given the similarities, the article emphasizes the current need for courses designed to accommodate lower-proficiency heritage learners, integrating principles and aspects of second language acquisition theory and pedagogy.

Brain Bases Of Individual Differences In Cognition, Chantel Prat, Marcel Just

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.

A Decrease In Brain Activation Associated With Driving When Listening To Someone Speak, Marcel Just, Timothy Keller, Jacquelyn Cynkar

Marcel Adam Just

No abstract provided.