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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Effects Of Particle Size Distribution And Composition On Rheological Properties Of Dark Chocolate, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler May 2007

Effects Of Particle Size Distribution And Composition On Rheological Properties Of Dark Chocolate, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler

Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Control of chocolate viscosity is vital to its quality and production cost, and directly influenced by solids particle size distribution (PSD) and composition. Effects of PSD and composition on rheological properties of molten dark chocolate were investigated by varying PSD [D90 (90% finer than this size) of 18, 25, 35 and 50 lm], fat 25, 30 and 35% and lecithin (0.3 and 0.5%) using a shear rate-controlled rheometer. PSD, fat and lecithin content significantly affected all rheological parameters, with significant interaction among factors. Increasing particles size gave significant reductions in Casson plastic viscosity, Casson yield value, yield stress, apparent viscosity …


Response Surface Methodology For Studying The Effect Of Processing Conditions On Some Nutritional And Textural Properties Of Bambara Groundnuts (Voandzei Subterranea) During Canning, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Agnes Simpson Budu, Alan Bullock Merson May 2007

Response Surface Methodology For Studying The Effect Of Processing Conditions On Some Nutritional And Textural Properties Of Bambara Groundnuts (Voandzei Subterranea) During Canning, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Agnes Simpson Budu, Alan Bullock Merson

Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

The response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design for K=3 was used to study the combined effect of blanching, soaking and sodium hexametaphosphate salt concentration on moisture, ash, leached solids, phytates, tannins and hardness of bambara groundnut during canning. Regression models were developed to predict the effects of the processing parameters on the studied indices. Significant interactions were observed between all the factors with high regression coefficients (64.4-82.6%). Blanching and soaking of the seeds prior to canning led to increases in moisture content and leached solids, while significant decreases were observed for phytates, tannins and hardness of the canned …


Factors Influencing Rheological And Textural Qualities In Chocolate - A Review, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler Apr 2007

Factors Influencing Rheological And Textural Qualities In Chocolate - A Review, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Alistair Paterson, Mark Fowler

Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Chocolate, a complex emulsion, is a luxury food that during consumption evokes a range of stimuli that activate pleasure centres of the human brain. Central to chocolate quality is an appropriate melting behaviour so that products are solid at ambient temperature and on ingestion melt to undergo dissolution in oral saliva, with a final assessment of texture after phase inversion. Particle size distribution and ingredient composition play important roles in shaping its rheological behaviour and sensory perception but are poorly understood. With opportunities for improvements in quality possible through improved and more transparent supply chain management, plant breeding strategies and …


Influence Of Spontaneous Fermentation On Some Quality Characteristics Of Maize-Based Cowpea-Fortified Nixtamalized Foods, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh, Agnes Simpson Budu, Esther Sakyi-Dawson, Justice Asomaning Jan 2007

Influence Of Spontaneous Fermentation On Some Quality Characteristics Of Maize-Based Cowpea-Fortified Nixtamalized Foods, Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa, Samuel Sefa-Dedeh, Agnes Simpson Budu, Esther Sakyi-Dawson, Justice Asomaning

Professor Emmanuel Ohene Afoakwa

Spontaneous fermentation has been identified to improve the quality characteristics of foods derived from them. When combined with cowpea fortification and nixtamalization, it is expected to improve the nutritional, functional, physico-chemical and sensory qualities of maize based foods thereby improving the qualities as well as broadening the food processing techniques in sub-Saharan Africa. This study was therefore aimed at investigating the influence of spontaneous fermentation on the functional, physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of maize-based cowpeafortified nixtamalized foods. A 3x3x2 factorial experiment with fermentation time (0, 24, 48 h), cowpea (0, 10 and 20%) and alkaline treatment (nixtamalized and nonnixtamalized maize) …