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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Institutional Change And Innovation System Transformation: A Tale Of Two Academies, Maria Karaulova, Oliver Shackleton, Weishu Liu, Abdullah Gok, Philip Shapira
Institutional Change And Innovation System Transformation: A Tale Of Two Academies, Maria Karaulova, Oliver Shackleton, Weishu Liu, Abdullah Gok, Philip Shapira
Philip Shapira
This paper investigates interactions between institutional adaptation and the transformation of science and innovation systems by analysing change and adjustment in post-socialist science academies. Two leading examples are examined: the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS). A heuristic framework of institutional change markers is applied to the analysis of nanotechnology research in both countries. We draw on bibliometric sources, interviews and secondary sources. We find that while the two Academies share a common past as the dominant research agents in their respective systems, their current positions and trajectories now differ. The nanotechnology case shows …
Modernizing Small Manufacturers In Japan: The Role Of Local Public Technology Centers, Philip Shapira
Modernizing Small Manufacturers In Japan: The Role Of Local Public Technology Centers, Philip Shapira
Philip Shapira
Japan's hundreds of thousands of manufacturing enterprises not only provide high-quality inputs to large Japanese companies, but also are becoming innovators and growth generators in their own right. In addition to help from larger customers, small Japanese companies can call upon an array of public support mechanisms including about 170 local Kohsetsushi examination and technology centers which provide research, testing, training, and guidance for firms with under 300 employees. With their intensive geographical coverage, broad range of technical services, and nominal fees, these centers offer small Japanese firms a readily available and effective source of assistance to improve their manufacturing …