Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Northeast Indiana Entrepreneurial Opportunity Survey Analysis, Ziona Austrian, Merissa Piazza, Eli Auerbach, Sunjoo Park, Joan Chase

Ziona Austrian

This survey report is associated with "Northeast Indiana Regional Analysis: Demographics, Economy, entrepreneurship and Innovation"

Northeast Indiana Entrepreneurial Opportunity Survey Analysis, Ziona Austrian, Merissa Piazza, Eli Auerbach, Sunjoo Park, Joan Chase

Ziona Austrian

This survey report is associated with "Northeast Indiana Regional Analysis: Demographics, Economy, entrepreneurship and Innovation"

Advancing Individual And Societal Development At The Community Level: Role Of Ngo Microcredit And Leadership Training, Denise Lucy, Jayati Ghosh, Edward Kujawa

Denise Lucy

In many countries throughout the world micro-credit loans are utilized to empower women by seeking to reduce the poverty of families and communities. Originally Non-governmental organizations’ (NGO) microcredit programs focused on funding women’s businesses. In so doing, NGOs encourage and support women’s empowerment leading to community building, as well as to advancing women’s individual gender equity. This descriptive study is based upon interviews of 100 women who participated in microcredit loan programs run by a Bangladeshi NGO, entitled, Nari Uddog Kendra (NUK). The case study examines the participation and impact of NUK’s business development and leadership training programs. The study …

Reversing Ethiopia's Intellectual Capital Flight, Asayehgn Desta

Asayehgn Desta

Recently, the Ethiopian Government drafted a five year plan (2010 to 2015) to achieve the country’s economic growth. When Ethiopia’s Growth and Transformation plan was analyzed in light of the new growth theory and traced historically in terms of the push and pull factors that contributed to the flight of skilled Ethiopians to more advanced countries, it was found that over the years Ethiopia has funded the education of its nationals only to see them contributing to the growth of developed countries. Being stripped of skilled human capital, leaving it ill prepared to face globalization and survive in the new …

Alternatives To Local Content, Abel A. Kinyondo, Ivar Kolstad

Abel Alfred Kinyondo

This paper suggests that an optimal local content policy in the context of flawed institutions is a more minimal one than those typically pursued by developing countries with recently discovered petroleum reserves. We argue that local content requirements need to be seen as a public expenditure question: such requirements increase multinationals’ costs and hence reduce the taxes that can be extracted from these companies. There are thus opportunity costs in imposing local content requirements, since the forgone taxes could be used in other ways to improve development prospects. Such requirements can also exacerbate key problems of patronage and rent-seeking.

The Informal Sector As A Path To Expanding Opportunities, Colin C. Williams

Colin C Williams

In The Aftermath Of The Financial Crisis Of 2008: What Have We Learned?, Luisa Blanco, Michael Crouch

Luisa Blanco

In the aftermath of the financial crisis and economic recession of 2008, it is important to reflect not only on its causes, but also on specific policies that can help countries to move towards sustained economic growth. This publication provides a compendium of lectures that intend to do this. The focus of the discussion is around the U.S. (first two chapters) and Latin America (last chapter), which enhances our understanding of the forces at play and the necessary policies that need to be implemented in different regions of the world. Dr. Lee Ohanian points to the strange differences between the …

Uk Communications Provider Consumer Switching Experience Report 2015, Lissa Coffey

LissaCoffey

Notes On The Seminar On African Economic Outlook 2015, Held On The 8th Of October 2015 At The House Of The Estates Of Finland, J. G. A. Saviranta

Akseli Saviranta

The following document presents summarised key notes from the United Nations University – World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) seminar titled “African Economic Outlook 2015 – Unlocking the potential of local economies for inclusive growth”. The seminar presented the 2015 report titled “African Economic Outlook 2015 – Regional Development and Spatial Inclusion”, produced by the African Development Bank, the OECD Development Centre, and the United Nations Development Programme. The African Development Bank, UNU-WIDER, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Finland were the co-organisers of the Seminar.

The Impact Of Research And Development On Economic Growth And Productivity In The U.S. States: Online Appendix, Luisa Blanco, James Prieger, Ji Gu

Luisa Blanco

This online appendix accompanies the article forthcoming in the Southern Economic Journal. This appendix contains additional information on the data and methodology used in the article, as well as results from additional and supplementary estimations.

The Impact Of Research And Development On Economic Growth And Productivity In The Us States, Luisa Blanco, James Prieger, Ji Gu

Luisa Blanco

We estimate the impact of R&D on TFP and output in the private sector at the state level in the US from 1963 to 2007. R&D has a large effect on both output and TFP at the state level in the long run. The R&D elasticity in a state averages 0.056 to 0.143, implying returns to state GDP from R&D spending of 83% to 213%. There are also positive R&D spillovers, with 77% of the total returns accruing to other states. The R&D elasticities are either stable or increase slightly after 1993. The effects of R&D are dependent on the …

Crime, Institutions And Sector-Specific Fdi In Latin America, Luisa Blanco, Isabel Ruiz, W. Charles Sawyer, Rossitza Wooster

Luisa Blanco

In this article, we explore how crime and institutions affect the flow of capital in the form of foreign direct investment (FDI) to Latin American and Caribbean countries in the primary, secondary and tertiary sectors during the 1996-2010 period. We use three different variables related to violent crime: homicides, crime victimization, and an index of organized crime. We find that there is a correlation between the institutional and crime variables, where the significance of institutional variables tends to disappear when the crime variables are added to the model. We find that higher crime victimization and organized crime are associated with …

Decomposing Ldc Inequality, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] At the present time, there is great interest among development economists in the problem of economic inequality in less developed countries (LDCs). Studies of the determinants of inequality follow either of two general approaches. The more traditional approach is associated with names like Kuznets (1963), Chenery and associates (1960, 1968, 1975), Adelman and Morris (1973), Ahluwalia (1976) and Chiswick (1971). These studies share a common methodology, consisting basically of looking at a cross-section of countries, and (1) measuring the degree of inequality in each, (2) measuring other characteristics of each country (e.g., level of GNP, its rate of growth, …

Changing Labor Market Conditions And Economic Development In Hong Kong, The Republic Of Korea, Singapore, And Taiwan, China, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

In the newly industrializing economies (NIEs) of Hong Kong, the Republic of Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan (China), the entire working population has benefited from labor market institutions. The East Asian NIEs attained and maintained generally full employment, improved their job mixes, raised real earnings, and lowered their rates of poverty. This article reaches two principal conclusions. First, labor market conditions continued to improve in all four economies in the 1980s at rates remarkably similar to their rates of aggregate economic growth. Second, labor market repression was not a major factor in the growth experiences of these economies in the 1980s. …

Higher Education And Income Distribution In A Less Developed Country, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] The primary purpose of this paper is to empirically test among both the intra- and the inter-generational version of these three hypotheses for higher (i.e. post-secondary) levels of education for one less developed country, Kenya. A secondary purpose is to investigate other economic aspects of spending on higher education, most notably the question of horizontal equity in school finance. Before proceeding, a methodological point is in order. There is no consensus in the public economics literature on what is a suitable criterion for assessing the equitability of a fiscal programme. At least three criteria may be distinguished (the terminology …

The Dynamics Of Poverty, Inequality And Economic Well-Being: African Economic Growth In Comparative Perspective, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

Two hundred and fifty million Africans (about 45% of the population) are poor. In rural areas, where most Africans live, there is, alas, a 'poor majority'. Rural poverty rates range from 37% in Madagascar and 41% in Kenya to 88% in Zambia and 94% in Ghana (Table 1). It is hard to imagine an issue in development economics that is of greater importance to humankind than the effects of economic growth on poverty and economic well-being. Yet there is remarkably little consensus on this vitally important issue, as illustrated by the following two polar positions: New patterns of growth will …

Changes In Poverty And Inequality In Developing Countries, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

This paper presents new data on poverty, inequality, and growth in those developing countries of the world for which the requisite statistics are available. Economic growth is found generally but not always to reduce poverty. Growth, however, is found to have very little to do with income inequality. Thus the "economic laws" linking the rate of growth and the distribution of benefits receive only very tenuous empirical support here.

Income Distribution In Developing Economies: Conceptual, Data, And Policy Issues In Broad-Based Growth, Gary S. Fields

Gary S Fields

[Excerpt] The aim of economic development is to raise the standard of living of a country's people, especially its poor. Economic growth, particularly when broadly based, is a means to that end. 'Underdevelopment' can be defined as a state of severely constrained choices. When one is choosing from among an undesirable set of alternatives, the outcome will itself be undesirable. Standards of living will be low. If standards of living are to be improved, people must have a better set of alternatives from which to choose. 'Economic development' is the process by which the constraints on choices are relaxed. Based …

Social Hierarchies And Public Distribution Of Food In Rural India, Deepankar Basu, Debarshi Das

Deepankar Basu

In this paper, we develop a simple model that shows that consumption of PDS food grains is significantly different between rich and poor households in states where the PDS functions relatively well; in places where the PDS is non-functional, the difference is not significant. Using household-level data from three recent thick rounds of the consumption expenditure survey (2004-2005, 2009-2010 and 2011-2012), we find evidence in support of the predictions from the model. This suggests that one way to make the PDS functional is to make it more accessible to poor and underprivileged households.

An Evaluation Of Competitive Industrial Structure And Regional Manufacturing Employment Change., Joshua Drucker

Joshua Drucker

Dificultades En La Ejecución De Proyectos De Inversión Pública, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

¿Por qué es tan difícil la ejecución de los proyectos de inversión pública en el Paraguay? Es la pregunta que trata de resolver esta presentación, la cual fue realizada ante el auditorio del XVIII Seminario Nacional de Presupuesto Público.

Clase 1-Desarrollo Económico-Concepto De Desarrollo, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Introducción al Desarrollo. Se hace un repaso sobre la evolución histórica, el desarrollo del capitalismo y el surgimiento de las desigualdades entre naciones y a nivel de la sociedad. En esta clase se muestra la complejidad del concepto de desarrollo derivada de su condición dinámica y normativa, así como la diferencia respecto al concepto de crecimiento económico.

Tópicos De Macroeconomía Respuestas Del Examen Final, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

No abstract provided.

Nature, Extent, Causes And Issues In Agricultural Distress, Srijit Mishra

Srijit Mishra

This paper explains the nature and extent of distress in Indian agriculture by analytically separating the issues therein into two interrelated domains—the agricultural and the agrarian—the former being about production and the latter about distribution; the former about the farm and the latter about the farmer; the former about the inadequacies and inappropriateness of the agricultural developmental programmes, and the latter about the livelihood of the people involved in or dependent upon agrarian activities. In this broader thinking farmers’ suicides and indebtedness become symptoms of a larger malaise. Drawing on our understanding of farmers’ suicides, we show some interrelated demand-side …

Cruzar El Río Sintiendo Las Piedras. Trece Historias De Éxito, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

En el periodo 1980-1998 el ingreso por habitante del Paraguay creció a una tasa anual promedio de 1,1%. En esas condiciones, un paraguayo medio debía esperar 65 años para ver sus ingresos duplicarse. Sin embargo, las reformas económicas parciales iniciadas en el año 2003 contribuyeron a que el ingreso por habitante crezca a un promedio anual de 2,8% en el periodo 2003 y 2014, lo que ayudó a recortar el plazo de duplicación del ingreso por habitante a tan solo 25 años ¿Cómo se logra este tipo de resultados? ¿Esas reformas son suficientes para sostener el crecimiento de largo plazo? …

Instituciones Y Crecimiento Económico, Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Francisco Carlos Ruiz Diaz

Según los economistas, la receta para lograr el crecimiento sostenido es ahorrar más, invertir más en capital físico y humano, innovar e incorporar nuevas tecnologías, entre otros. Sin embargo, la pregunta que debemos hacernos es ¿Por qué algunos países invierten más que otros? ¿Por qué algunos países innovan más que otros? La respuesta más reciente a dichas preguntas se relaciona con la calidad institucional. Según Acemoglu, Jhonson y Robinson, las instituciones tienden a alentar o desalentar a los agentes económicos a invertir o a esforzarse en innovar y acumular capital humano. Países con buena calidad institucional tienden a crecer más …

Guía General De Escuelas Y Corrientes De Pensamiento Económico., Sergio A. Berumen

Sergio A. Berumen

Guía general de las principales Escuelas y corrientes de Pensamiento Económico. Se hace una descripción por grupos y épocas. Este material docente es de libre acceso, favor de citarlo como sigue: SERGIO A. BERUMEN [2015]. "Guía General de Escuelas y Corrientes de Pensamiento Económico", Lecciones de Economía para No Economistas, ESIC, Business & Marketing School, 2ª edición, Madrid. ISBN. 978-84-15986-86-7. sergio.berumen@urjc.es

General Guide Of Schools Of Economic Thought, Sergio A. Berumen

Sergio A. Berumen

This educational material is freely accessible. Please quote it in the following way: SERGIO A. BERUMEN [2015]. "General Guide To Schools Of Economic Thought", Lecciones de Economía para No Economistas, ESIC, Business & Marketing School, 2nd edition, Madrid. ISBN. 978-84-15986-86-7. sergio.berumen@urjc.es

Public Actors In Private Markets: Toward A Developmental Finance State, Robert Hockett, Saule Omarova

Saule T. Omarova

The recent financial crisis brought into sharp relief fundamental questions about the social function and purpose of the financial system, including its relation to the “real” economy. This Article argues that, to answer these questions, we must recapture a distinctively American view of the proper relations among state, financial market, and development. This programmatic vision – captured in what we call a “developmental finance state” – is based on three key propositions: (1) that economic and social development is not an “end-state” but a continuing national policy priority; (2) that the modalities of finance are the most potent means of …

Greece's Banking Sector Options, Warren Coats

Warren Coats

A review of the new Greek government's choices in its negotiations with its creditors, with a focus on the banking sector.