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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Malaria Control In The Tennessee Valley Authority: Health, Ecology, And Metanarratives Of Development, Eric Carter
Malaria Control In The Tennessee Valley Authority: Health, Ecology, And Metanarratives Of Development, Eric Carter
Eric D. Carter
Starting in the 1930s, the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) created a globally influential model of regional development through centralized planning of massive public works to re-engineer social and natural systems in impoverished areas. TVA invested heavily in malaria control, since its own reservoirs created perfect breeding grounds for malaria-carrying anopheles mosquitoes. Eventually, both the TVA and malaria control would become key elements in an influential metanarrative in which an American ideology of 'technological modernism' dominated international development in the post-World War II era, until modern environmentalism and other social movements undermined the assumptions and goals of this ideology. This paper …
Environmental Justice 2.0: New Latino Environmentalism In Los Angeles, Eric D. Carter
Environmental Justice 2.0: New Latino Environmentalism In Los Angeles, Eric D. Carter
Eric D. Carter
This paper presents the results of ethnographic research conducted with several environmental justice (EJ) organisations in Latino communities of Los Angeles, California. Traditional EJ politics revolves around research and advocacy to reduce discriminatory environmental exposures, risks, and impacts. However, I argue that in recent years there has been a qualitative change in EJ politics, characterised by four main elements: (1) a move away from the reaction to urban environmental "bads" (e.g. polluting industries) in the city towards a focus on the production of nature in the city; (2) strategies that are less dependent on the legal, bureaucratic, and technical "regulatory …
Some Strategies Towards Mainstreaming Environmental Education In Disaster Risk Reduction In Nigeria, I Y. El-Ladan, L Abdulrashid
Some Strategies Towards Mainstreaming Environmental Education In Disaster Risk Reduction In Nigeria, I Y. El-Ladan, L Abdulrashid
Abuja Journal of Geography and Development
Environmental education (EE) is a long-term process of developing the skills and behaviour necessary to understand and accept the relationships between people, culture and the natural environment. Its aim is to prepare society in practical decision making and to teach environmentally friendly behaviour. Nigerians are increasingly living with risks of a number of human and natural disasters. As the country’s disaster management strategy has shifted from that of post-disaster response, relief and rehabilitation to that of mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in development processes, there are the needs to ensure that Nigerians become aware of disasters, their causes, how to prevent …
In Memoriam, Melvin G. Marcus, 1929-1997, William Graf, Patricia Gober, Anthony Brazel
In Memoriam, Melvin G. Marcus, 1929-1997, William Graf, Patricia Gober, Anthony Brazel
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Saving Water In A Desert City, By W.E. Martin, H.M. Ingram, N.K. Laney, And A.H. Griffin, William Graf
Saving Water In A Desert City, By W.E. Martin, H.M. Ingram, N.K. Laney, And A.H. Griffin, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Downstream Changes In Stream Power In The Henry Mountains, Utah, William Graf
Downstream Changes In Stream Power In The Henry Mountains, Utah, William Graf
William L. Graf
Total stream power does not necessarily increase systematically in the downstream direction because of the conflicting influences of channel slope, width, and depth. Historical records and field data for arroyo systems of the northern Henry Mountains, south-central Utah, show that total stream power decreased in the downstream direction during a deposition period before 1896 and increased downstream during an erosion period thereafter. When total stream power declined in the downstream direction, channels were small and meandering, and the ten-year flood exceeded channel capacity, resulting in overbank deposition of sediment. After an especially erosive flood in 1896, total stream power increased …
The Geography Of Geomorphologists In The United States, J. Costa, William Graf
The Geography Of Geomorphologists In The United States, J. Costa, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Dry Lands: Man And Plants, By R. Adams, M. Adams, A. Willens, And A. Willens, William Graf
Dry Lands: Man And Plants, By R. Adams, M. Adams, A. Willens, And A. Willens, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Science, Public-Policy, And Western American Rivers, William Graf
Science, Public-Policy, And Western American Rivers, William Graf
William L. Graf
Effective science and well-informed public policy are the avenues to successful management of environmental resources. A critical review of geomorphology, hydrology, and public policy as employed in the management of the river resources of the western United States shows that the endeavours have been poorly connected to each other. Before about 1930, river management disregarded scientific input, while during the New Deal era federal support for river research stimulated a symbiotic relationship between science and policy. Renewed federal funding for research and the emergence of increasingly sophisticated theory and data for rivers during the 1950-1970 period enhanced the connection between …
Streams, Slopes, And Suburban Development, William Graf
Streams, Slopes, And Suburban Development, William Graf
William L. Graf
The percent of available relief in the form of free-face slope and the percent of valley width as floodplain change systematically throughout drainage networks in response to changes in network position. The energy level and discharge of streams at the bases of slopes may be assessed by means of a cumulative stream-ordering system wherein the stream order is directly related to discharge. Investigations of several small drainage basins on the rim of the Denver Basin, Colorado, by means of field measurements, interpretation of aerial photography, and operation of a computer model provide data that indicate that the distribution of near-channel …
A Cumulative Stream-Ordering System, William Graf
A Cumulative Stream-Ordering System, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
The Geography Of American Field Geomorphology, William Graf
The Geography Of American Field Geomorphology, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Mining And Channel Response, William Graf
Mining And Channel Response, William Graf
William L. Graf
Gold and silver mining activities in the Central City District, Colorado, caused severe disruption of the landscape. Central City is typical of mountain mining towns with clearly defined periods of discovery and settlement, bonanza, investment, development, and, finally, decline. Arroyos and gullies developed on many valley floors as responses to increases in channel tractive force from 1 dyne before settlement to 8 dynes during the mining period. The spatial distribution of energy and force has been substantially altered by human activities. Threshold values of erosive force were surpassed in response to changes in general basin vegetation cover, valley floor vegetation, …
Quantitative Analysis Of Pinedale Landforms, Beartooth Mountains, Montana And Wyoming, William Graf
Quantitative Analysis Of Pinedale Landforms, Beartooth Mountains, Montana And Wyoming, William Graf
William L. Graf
The spatial distribution of terminal moraines in alpine valleys can be quantitatively described using distance/regression models. Surface parameters indicative of age may also be numerically analyzed. Evaluation of postglacial modification of valley sides between terminal moraines provides an additional indicator of relative age of valley segments. Analysis of the geomorphology of alpine features in the upper Rock Creek drainage in the southeastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana, shows that glaciers in this area deposited evidence of two Bull Lake, four Pinedale, and two Neo glacial advances.
The Geomorphology Of The Glacial Valley Cross Section, William Graf
The Geomorphology Of The Glacial Valley Cross Section, William Graf
William L. Graf
Several alpine valley systems in the southeastern Beartooth Mountains, Montana and Wyoming, have been examined using techniques similar to methods of stream system analysis. The general equation y = a x**b is the most adequate mathematical model for the cross valley profile; b values range between 1.5 and 2.0, indicating a parabolic form. As intensity of erosion increases in the glacial valley system, the b value also increases, indicating relatively deeper and narrower valley cross sections. The law of stream numbers, the law of stream lengths, and the bifurcation ratio, derived from fluvial geomorphology, are also applicable in glacial geomorphology.
Geographic Geomorphology In The 80'S, William Graf, Stanley Trimble, Terrence Toy, John Costa
Geographic Geomorphology In The 80'S, William Graf, Stanley Trimble, Terrence Toy, John Costa
William L. Graf
The geomorphic sciences will continue to be dynamic in the coming decade. Among other developments, there is a trend toward increased dependence on field reserch, more realistic expectations from reserch tools, a resurgence of interest in man-land relations with a renewed dependence on the historical approach, a reinvestigation of morphogenetic regions, study of planetary surfaces other than earth's, and involvement with applied problems, as well as cooperation and collaboration with scientists in related fields. The greatest need is the development of connections between academic and nonacademic geographers at all levels.
15th Annual Geomorphology Symposium, William Graf
15th Annual Geomorphology Symposium, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Cirques As Glacier Locations, William Graf
Cirques As Glacier Locations, William Graf
William L. Graf
A comparison between the 319 cirques that contain glaciers and a sample of 240 empty cirques in the Rocky Mountains shows that in the present climatic situation, landforms are strong factors in determining the locations of glaciers. An optimum glacier location is a large cirque facing northeast, with a planimetric shape of width greater than length, high steep walls, a pass located to the windward, and a peak to the southwest. Glaciers survive in the present climatic conditions because of a geomorphic feedback system, whereby glaciers are protected by cirque forms that owe their morphology to glacial processes.
Fluvial Dynamics Of Th-230 In The Church Rock Event, Puerco River, New-Mexico, William Graf
Fluvial Dynamics Of Th-230 In The Church Rock Event, Puerco River, New-Mexico, William Graf
William L. Graf
The largest accidental surface release of radioactive materials in the United States occurred 16 July 1979, when a uranium tailings pond collapsed near Church Rock, New Mexico, releasing 378,500 m3 of liquids and 1000 mg of solids into the Puerco River. The resulting flood wave distributed radioactive thorium-230 through an 80-km reach of the river. A detailed analysis of 48 km of the entrenched channel shows that radionuclide concentrations in stream-bed sediments fluctuated irregularly with increasing distance from the source of contamination instead of declining exponentially as might be expected from hydraulic and geographic theory. Hydraulic calculations at 154 cross-sections …
In The Critical Zone: Geography At The U.S. Geological Survey, William Graf
In The Critical Zone: Geography At The U.S. Geological Survey, William Graf
William L. Graf
Geography is again becoming an integral part of the premier natural-science agency of the federal government. Geographic research emphasizes the surface of the earth, a portion of the earth system that the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) defines as the “critical zone.” Although geography was part of the USGS from the creation of the agency, in recent years geography in the agency has largely been limited to topographic mapping. Recently, the USGS and an advisory committee of the National Research Council (NRC) reviewed the role of geography at the Survey. The committee's report, along with ongoing decision-making in the federal government, …
Lake Powell: Virgin Flow To Dynamo, By L.D. Potter And C.L. Drake, William Graf
Lake Powell: Virgin Flow To Dynamo, By L.D. Potter And C.L. Drake, William Graf
William L. Graf
No abstract provided.
Mercury Transport In Stream Sediments Of The Colorado Plateau, William Graf
Mercury Transport In Stream Sediments Of The Colorado Plateau, William Graf
William L. Graf
Field, documentary, and laboratory analyses show that geomorphic processes are a central component in explaining the origins and transportation of the 2,200 kg of mercury annually deposited in Lake Powell in Arizona and Utah. Almost all the mercury in the lake is derived from weathering of natural source rocks in the lake's 279,000 km2 drainage area and delivered in fluvial sediments. Of the mean annual mercury input to the lake, 40 percent comes from a single tributary, the Green River. The Colorado River contributes 40 percent of the water to the lake, but only 6 percent of the mercury. Local …
Issues Concerning Phreatophyte Clearing, Revegetation, And Water Savings Along The Gila River, Arizona, William Graf, Duncan Patten, Bonnie Turner
Issues Concerning Phreatophyte Clearing, Revegetation, And Water Savings Along The Gila River, Arizona, William Graf, Duncan Patten, Bonnie Turner
William L. Graf
A detailed analysis of the published results of the U. S. Geological Survey Phreatophyte Project conducted in the area of interest for the Corps of Engineers Camelsback Dam study provides the following results. It appears that the figure of 18.53 inches per year for water savings from phreatophyte clearing along the Gila River in southeast Arizona should not be used for predicting potential water salvage because of large sampling errors, measurement errors, and the inherent variability of the natural processes of evapotranspiration. An extensive literature review shows that no dependable values are available for the Gila River project area. It …
Resources, The Environment, And The American Experience, William Graf
Resources, The Environment, And The American Experience, William Graf
William L. Graf
This paper represents an attempt to trace the development of the change in American attitudes toward resources and the environment and to analyze past, present, and future trends in resource development and environmental protection.
Protocols For Characterizing Aeolian Mass-Flux Profiles, Jean Ellis, Bailiang Li, Eugene Farrell, Douglas Sherman
Protocols For Characterizing Aeolian Mass-Flux Profiles, Jean Ellis, Bailiang Li, Eugene Farrell, Douglas Sherman
Jean Taylor Ellis
No abstract provided.
Assessing The Impacts Of An Organic Restoration Structure On Boat Wakes, Jean Ellis
Assessing The Impacts Of An Organic Restoration Structure On Boat Wakes, Jean Ellis
Jean Taylor Ellis
No abstract provided.
Measuring The Transport Of Aeolian Sand With A Microphone System, Jean Ellis, Rebecca Morrison, Barry Priest
Measuring The Transport Of Aeolian Sand With A Microphone System, Jean Ellis, Rebecca Morrison, Barry Priest
Jean Taylor Ellis
No abstract provided.
Coherent Structures And Aeolian Saltation, Jean Ellis
Coherent Structures And Aeolian Saltation, Jean Ellis
Jean Taylor Ellis
Aeolian sand transport models, widely employed by coastal scientists and managers, assume temporal and spatial homogeneity within the saltation field. This research questions that assumption by demonstrating that the saltation field is event-driven, therefore indicating that the saltation field is not temporally steady. The findings from this research may explain a portion of the conclusions from previous studies that indicated inequalities between model-estimated and field-measured aeolian sand transport. The relationship between unsteadiness in a turbulent wind field and pulses in a sand transport field was investigated on a beach near Shoalhaven Heads, New South Wales, Australia. Microphone-based saltation sensors, “miniphones,” …
Effects Of Sampling Frequency On Wave Characterization, Jean Ellis, Douglas Sherman
Effects Of Sampling Frequency On Wave Characterization, Jean Ellis, Douglas Sherman
Jean Taylor Ellis
No abstract provided.
A Coastal Environment Field And Laboratory Activity For An Undergraduate Geomorphology Course, Jean Ellis, Paul Rindfleisch
A Coastal Environment Field And Laboratory Activity For An Undergraduate Geomorphology Course, Jean Ellis, Paul Rindfleisch
Jean Taylor Ellis
A field and laboratory exercise for an undergraduate geomorphology class is described that focuses on the beach. The project requires one day of fieldwork and two laboratory sessions. In the field, students measure water surface fluctuations (waves) with a pressure sensor, survey beach profiles, collect sediment samples, and observe the beach state. In the laboratory, students wash and dry sediments, complete a grain size analysis, and determine sediment volumes. Students produce a report that includes analysis of wave data and beach profiles and a discussion of their findings.