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Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™
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- Keyword
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- Runoff (7)
- North Korea (3)
- Deforestation (2)
- Drought propagation (2)
- Groundwater (2)
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- Hydrological model (2)
- LEAM (2)
- Regression model (2)
- Streamflow (2)
- Urban growth (2)
- Baseflow (1)
- Carabidae (1)
- Climate (1)
- Climate change (1)
- Climate change impact (1)
- Climate change; statistical downscaling; runoff; uncertainty; Canada (1)
- Dissolved Oxygen (1)
- Drought (1)
- Drought index (1)
- Effect trait (1)
- Forest (1)
- Fragmentation (1)
- Functional trait (1)
- GIS (1)
- Geographically weighted regression (1)
- Great Lakes basin (1)
- Green infrastructure (1)
- HSPF (1)
- Heat stress (1)
- High capacity wells (1)
Articles 1 - 21 of 21
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Effects Of Climate, Basin Characteristics, And High-Capacity Wells On Baseflow In The State Of Wisconsin, United States, Susan A. Borchardt, Woonsup Choi, Jinmu Choi
Effects Of Climate, Basin Characteristics, And High-Capacity Wells On Baseflow In The State Of Wisconsin, United States, Susan A. Borchardt, Woonsup Choi, Jinmu Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
When it comes to water resources management, it is critical to understand the factors that affect baseflow processes. Declines in baseflow due to increased use of the groundwater from unconfined aquifers is well documented, but that is not the case for confined aquifers. Furthermore, since the groundwater basin size and shape can be different than the surface water basin, the use of the surface basin to determine well withdrawal rates can affect baseflow and be problematic. This study used the variables determined to be related to baseflow variability (precipitation, temperature, drainage class, available storage, land use, and slope) and the …
Strong Trait Correlation And Phylogenetic Signal In North American Ground Beetle (Carabidae) Morphology, Jacob D. Stachewicz, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Austin Koontz, Hillary Woolf, William D. Pearse, Amanda S. Gallinat
Strong Trait Correlation And Phylogenetic Signal In North American Ground Beetle (Carabidae) Morphology, Jacob D. Stachewicz, Nicholas M. Fountain-Jones, Austin Koontz, Hillary Woolf, William D. Pearse, Amanda S. Gallinat
Geography Faculty Articles
Functional traits mediate species’ responses to, and roles within, their environment and are constrained by evolutionary history. While we have a strong understanding of trait evolution for macrotaxa such as birds and mammals, our understanding of invertebrates is comparatively limited. Here, we address this gap in North American beetles with a sample of ground beetles (Carabidae), leveraging a large-scale collection and digitization effort by the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON). For 154 ground beetle species, we measured seven morphological traits, which we placed into a recently developed effect–response framework that characterizes traits by how they predict species’ effects on their …
Human Influences And Decreasing Synchrony Between Meteorological And Hydrological Droughts In Wisconsin Since The 1980s, Woonsup Choi, Susan Ann Borchardt, Jinmu Choi
Human Influences And Decreasing Synchrony Between Meteorological And Hydrological Droughts In Wisconsin Since The 1980s, Woonsup Choi, Susan Ann Borchardt, Jinmu Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
Hydrological droughts are important for agriculture and other human activities such as navigation and groundwater pumping, so it is necessary to understand their characteristics at various temporal and spatial scales. This study aims to examine the characteristics of hydrological droughts and their propagation from meteorological droughts across Wisconsin. Hydrological droughts were identified for twenty-four U.S. Geological Survey streamflow monitoring sites using the 20th percentile threshold level for each calendar day. Meteorological droughts were identified in the same way using daily precipitation data. Drought events of both types were identified for the period from 1980 to 2018, and the drought in …
Impacts Of Climate Change And Urban Expansion On Hydrologic Ecosystem Services In The Milwaukee River Basin, Feng Pen, Woonsup Choi
Impacts Of Climate Change And Urban Expansion On Hydrologic Ecosystem Services In The Milwaukee River Basin, Feng Pen, Woonsup Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
Land use/land cover (LULC) and climate changes could affect water quantity and quality and thus hydrologic ecosystem services (ES). However, studies of these impacts on hydrologic ES are limited by the current methods and techniques. We attempted to find out how the LULC and climate changes impact hydrologic ES at different temporal scales so that decision-makers can easily understand hydrologic ES variations for guiding management plans. In this study, we analyzed the impacts of LULC and climate changes on hydrologic ES in the Milwaukee River basin, USA with a conceptual modeling framework for hydrologic ES. The model framework was applied …
Changes In The Extent And Distribution Of Urban Land Cover In The Democratic People's Republic Of Korea (North Korea) Between 1987 And 2010, Sangjun Kang, Jinmu Choi, Hyejin Yoon, Woonsup Choi
Changes In The Extent And Distribution Of Urban Land Cover In The Democratic People's Republic Of Korea (North Korea) Between 1987 And 2010, Sangjun Kang, Jinmu Choi, Hyejin Yoon, Woonsup Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
Largely due to data unavailability, the spatial pattern of urban growth in North Korea has been rarely studied. This study explored urban changes in North Korea and provided their plausible causes. The present study used satellite-based land cover datasets produced by the government of South Korea to examine the extent and distribution of urban land cover in North Korea between the late 1980s (1987-1989) and late 2000s (2008-2010) at the municipal level. Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) was calculated for two ten-year intervals and the spatial autocorrelation of UEII values was examined. Major findings from the study are summarized as …
Climate Change And Nighttime Heat Stress: Tales Of Two Cities In The U.S. Midwest, Woonsup Choi
Climate Change And Nighttime Heat Stress: Tales Of Two Cities In The U.S. Midwest, Woonsup Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
This study explores nighttime heat stress in two Midwestern regions in the United States, encompassing the cities of Minneapolis and Milwaukee. Daily minimum temperature data were obtained from the MACAv2-METDATA dataset at a 4-km resolution. Data were downloaded both for the historical (1950- 2005) and RCP (Representative Concentration Pathways) 4.5 (2006-2099) simulations from 11 global climate models. MODIS land cover data at a 5'x5' resolution were used to delineate urban and non-urban areas. Heat stress was indicated by the occurrence of hot nights in two ways. First, the number of days with daily minimum temperatures above 300 K (27°C) was …
Meteorological And Streamflow Droughts: Characteristics, Trends And Propagation In The Milwaukee River Basin, Woonsup Choi, Hi-Ryong Byun, Claudio Cassardo, Jinmu Choi
Meteorological And Streamflow Droughts: Characteristics, Trends And Propagation In The Milwaukee River Basin, Woonsup Choi, Hi-Ryong Byun, Claudio Cassardo, Jinmu Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
This study examined meteorological and streamflow droughts for the period 1951-2006 using the Milwaukee River basin in Wisconsin as the study area in an effort to improve the understanding of drought propagation. Specifically, this study aimed to answer the following research questions: (1) What are the temporal trends of meteorological and streamflow droughts identified by drought indicators? (2) How do the drought indicators manifest drought propagation? Meteorological droughts were identified using the Effective Drought Index (EDI), and streamflow droughts were identified using a threshold-level approach. The intensity and duration of both types of drought were found to have decreased over …
Effects Of Urban Imperviousness Scenarios On Simulated Storm Flow, Feng Pen, Woonsup Choi, Jinmu Choi
Effects Of Urban Imperviousness Scenarios On Simulated Storm Flow, Feng Pen, Woonsup Choi, Jinmu Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
The amount and distribution of impervious surfaces are important input parameters of hydrological models, especially in highly urbanized basins. This study tests three different methods to input impervious surface area information to a semi-distributed hydrological model in order to examine their effects on storm flow. The three methods being evaluated include: (1) a constant value for impervious surfaces in the entire urban area, (2) constant values of imperviousness for commercial and residential land uses, respectively, and (3) different imperviousness for the residential land use in each subbasin. Storm flow of the Milwaukee River Basin in southeastern Wisconsin (USA) was modeled …
Hydrological Impacts Of Warmer And Wetter Climate In Troutlake And Sturgeon River Basins In Central Canada, Woonsup Choi, S. J. Kim, M. Lee, K. Koenig, P. Rasmussen
Hydrological Impacts Of Warmer And Wetter Climate In Troutlake And Sturgeon River Basins In Central Canada, Woonsup Choi, S. J. Kim, M. Lee, K. Koenig, P. Rasmussen
Geography Faculty Articles
The impact of climate change on water availability in two river basins located in central Canada is investigated. Several statistical downscaling methods are used to generate temperature and precipitation scenarios from the third-generation Canadian Coupled General Circulation Model, forced with different emission scenarios. The hydrological model SLURP is used to simulate runoff. All downscaling methods agree that temperature will increase with time and that precipitation will also increase, although there is considerably more uncertainty in the magnitude of precipitation change. The study concludes that the change in total annual precipitation does not necessarily translate into similar changes in runoff. The …
Characteristics Of Deforestation In The Democratic People’S Republic Of Korea (North Korea) Between The 1980s And 2000s, Woonsup Choi, Sangjun Kang, Jinmu Choi, Joseph James Larsen, Chungweon Oh
Characteristics Of Deforestation In The Democratic People’S Republic Of Korea (North Korea) Between The 1980s And 2000s, Woonsup Choi, Sangjun Kang, Jinmu Choi, Joseph James Larsen, Chungweon Oh
Geography Faculty Articles
There has been a significant lack of land cover change studies in relation to deforestation in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea). The purpose of this study is to characterise deforestation in North Korea through land cover change trajectory and spatial analysis. We used three 30-m gridded land cover data sets for North Korea representing the conditions of the late 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, respectively, as well as a digital elevation model. We examined the land cover trajectories during the two decades, i.e. which land cover became which at the pixel level. In addition, we calculated topographic characteristics …
Air Temperature Variability In Illinois Based On Weather Station Records And The North American Regional Reanalysis From 1979 To 2006, Woonsup Choi, Anke Petra Maria Keuser, Stefan Becker
Air Temperature Variability In Illinois Based On Weather Station Records And The North American Regional Reanalysis From 1979 To 2006, Woonsup Choi, Anke Petra Maria Keuser, Stefan Becker
Geography Faculty Articles
Spatial and temporal near-surface air temperature 21 variabilities and trends were analyzed for 30 locations in Illinois based on annual data derived from station records and the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset from 1979 to 2006. A high correlation was found between the two datasets regarding interannual variability at most locations. Temperatures were generally higher at urban stations than non-urban stations while non-urban NARR data points showed higher temperatures than urban data points. The differences in medians were not statistically significant in either dataset. Significant positive temperature trends were found in the majority of the weather stations and in …
Impacts Of Climate Change And Urban Growth On The Streamflow Characteristics Of The Milwaukee River (Wisconsin, Usa), Woonsup Choi, Feng Pen, Changshan Wu
Impacts Of Climate Change And Urban Growth On The Streamflow Characteristics Of The Milwaukee River (Wisconsin, Usa), Woonsup Choi, Feng Pen, Changshan Wu
Geography Faculty Articles
Hydrological impact studies of climate change increasingly take land use changes into account. However, the Midwestern USA is still understudied in this context. This study investigated the impacts of potential climate change and urban growth on the streamflow characteristics of the Milwaukee River located in southeastern Wisconsin. The Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) was set up for the catchment and calibrated against observed streamflow data. The calibrated HSPF model was run with a series of climate and urban growth scenarios generated from nine global climate models (GCMs) and a land use simulation model, respectively. The outcomes from the GCMs, statistically downscaled …
High Capacity Wells And Baseflow Decline In The Wolf River Basin, Northeaster Wisconsin (Usa), Susan A. Borchardt, Woonsup Choi, Weon Shik Han
High Capacity Wells And Baseflow Decline In The Wolf River Basin, Northeaster Wisconsin (Usa), Susan A. Borchardt, Woonsup Choi, Weon Shik Han
Geography Faculty Articles
The baseflow of the Wolf River (drainage area of 1,200 km2) in northeastern Wisconsin (USA) has declined by over 30% during the last thirty years, whereas climatic, land cover, and soil characteristics of the basin have remained unchanged. Because groundwater basins do not always coincide with surface water basins, estimating groundwater discharge to streams using variables only pertinent to the surface water basin can be ineffective. The purpose of this study is to explain the decline in the baseflow of the Wolf River by developing a multiple regression model. To take into account variables pertaining to the groundwater basin, withdrawal …
Urbanization And Rainfall-Runoff Relationships In The Milwaukee River Basin, Woonsup Choi, Kathryn Nauth, Jinmu Choi, Stefan Becker
Urbanization And Rainfall-Runoff Relationships In The Milwaukee River Basin, Woonsup Choi, Kathryn Nauth, Jinmu Choi, Stefan Becker
Geography Faculty Articles
To understand the changing rainfall-runoff relationship, the study examined climate and streamflow data in the Milwaukee River Basin in southeastern Wisconsin, of which four catchments with different degrees of urbanization were selected for analysis. This study analyzed temperature, precipitation, and streamflow data with a range of statistical methods, including the Mann-Kendall test, double-mass technique, and quantile regression. Runoff ratios and extreme flow indices were higher in more urbanized catchments. Catchments with long-term data (>40 years) showed significantly increasing runoff ratios and slopes in double mass curves. Overall, there are signs of changes in the rainfall-runoff relationship, but how much …
Regionalization Of Hydrologic Response In The Great Lakes Basin: Considerations Of Temporal Scales Of Analysis, Jonathan Martin Kult, Lauren M. Fry, Andrew D. Gronewold, Woonsup Choi
Regionalization Of Hydrologic Response In The Great Lakes Basin: Considerations Of Temporal Scales Of Analysis, Jonathan Martin Kult, Lauren M. Fry, Andrew D. Gronewold, Woonsup Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
Methods for predicting streamflow in areas with limited or nonexistent measures of hydrologic response commonly rely on regionalization techniques, where knowledge pertaining to gauged watersheds is transferred to ungauged watersheds. Hydrologic response indices have frequently been employed in contemporary regionalization research related to predictions in ungauged basins. In this study, we developed regionalization models using multiple linear regression and regression tree analysis to derive relationships between hydrologic response and watershed physical characteristics for 163 watersheds in the Great Lakes basin. These models provide an empirical means for simulating runoff in ungauged basins at a monthly time step without implementation of …
Forest Cover Changes In North Korea Since The 1980s, Sangjun Kang, Woonsup Choi
Forest Cover Changes In North Korea Since The 1980s, Sangjun Kang, Woonsup Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
North Korea used to have abundant forest stocks but underwent substantial deforestation and degradation of forest in recent decades. This study examined morphological changes of forest cover in North Korea between the 1980s and 2000s. Land cover data based on Landsat TM imagery were obtained as images from the Republic of Korea’s Ministry of Environment. The images were processed and used for the Morphological Spatial Pattern Analysis and network analysis. MSPA classified the forest cover into morphological classes such as core, islet, bridge, perforation, edge, loop, and branch. The network analysis identified individual networks of forest, each of which represents …
Early Summer Dissolved Oxygen Characteristics In Restored Streams In Seoul, Casey Thoenen, Woonsup Choi, Jinmu Choi
Early Summer Dissolved Oxygen Characteristics In Restored Streams In Seoul, Casey Thoenen, Woonsup Choi, Jinmu Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
Abstract : This paper presents an evaluation of stream restoration projects in Seoul with a focus on dissolved oxygen. Five test sites across four streams were measured for dissolved oxygen (DO) in late May to early June in 2012 and compared against a set of minimum and maximum thresholds. Only one test site, Hwarang-cheon, showed measurements below 6 mg/l DO. Towards the upper limit, the Hwarangcheon site was the only tested stream which was not at risk of DO supersaturation. The Danghyeon-cheon site had the highest probability of supersaturation, with DO saturation exceeding 130% expected 86.5% of the time. When …
Snowmelt Runoff Modeling: Limitations And Potential For Mitigating Water Disputes, Jonathan Kult, Woonsup Choi, Anke Petra Maria Keuser
Snowmelt Runoff Modeling: Limitations And Potential For Mitigating Water Disputes, Jonathan Kult, Woonsup Choi, Anke Petra Maria Keuser
Geography Faculty Articles
No abstract provided.
A Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Groundwater Level Changes In Relation To Urban Growth And Groundwater Recharge Potential For Waukesha County, Wisconsin, Woonsup Choi, Ulrike Galasinski, Sung-Jin Cho, Chul-Sue Hwang
A Spatio-Temporal Analysis Of Groundwater Level Changes In Relation To Urban Growth And Groundwater Recharge Potential For Waukesha County, Wisconsin, Woonsup Choi, Ulrike Galasinski, Sung-Jin Cho, Chul-Sue Hwang
Geography Faculty Articles
The main objective of this study was to spatially and temporally analyze groundwater level changes using geographic information systems and spatial analysis with respect to urban development, groundwater water withdrawal, and groundwater recharge potential. The study focused on Waukesha County in southeastern Wisconsin, where urban development has been accelerating while groundwater has been declining during the last several decades. We analyzed data about groundwater withdrawal, groundwater level, land use/land cover, and precipitation utilizing correlation analysis, Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), land-use change analysis, and map overlay. As a result, we found that (1) Urban areas increased faster in areas with high …
Subbasin Characteristics And Hydrological Response To Anticipated Urbanisation, Woonsup Choi
Subbasin Characteristics And Hydrological Response To Anticipated Urbanisation, Woonsup Choi
Geography Faculty Articles
This study investigated the relationship between the hydrological response of a river basin to anticipated urbanisation and its subbasin characteristics by applying a hydrological model (HSPF) with land use scenarios generated by an urban growth model (LEAM). The hydrological model was set up and run for the Kishwaukee River basin in northeastern Illinois, USA. The results show that the subbasin size and imperviousness were found to be more correlated to runoff changes than slope. However, no basin characteristics have significant relationships with percent changes in any hydrological variables due largely to the effects of upstream subbasins. When the effects of …
Calibration Of Land Use Change Drivers In Support Of Dynamic Urban Growth Modeling, Woonsup Choi, Zhanli Sun
Calibration Of Land Use Change Drivers In Support Of Dynamic Urban Growth Modeling, Woonsup Choi, Zhanli Sun
Geography Faculty Articles
The Land use Evolution and impact Assessment Model (LEAM) is a cellular urban dynamics model designed to simulate changing landscapes over space and time. One of the challenging problems in the LEAM model is calibrating the model results, and this study presents a step to calibration. The probability of land use change in each cell is determined by various factors including a cell’s proximity to development attractors, which are physical features that promote residential and commercial developments. This study presents a way to calculate a cell’s proximity to development attractors and converting the proximity to relative probability to help with …