Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Influences On Growth: Development Beyond Conventional Wastewater Infrastructure, Kendrick J. Curtis

Doctoral Dissertations

Wastewater treatment has long had a powerful restraining influence on land use patterns in the United States. The limited availability of central sewers confined intense property development to the sewered areas of cities and towns. The drawbacks associated with septic systems restrained even moderate-density development in areas with inappropriate soils. The advent of decentralized wastewater systems abolished these restraints, however. This technology made it possible to develop land at even high densities with no regard for the proximity of sewers and little for soil quality. This presented an opportunity for developers to pursue projects wherever attractive conditions prevailed. It also …

The Kozolec: Material Culture, Identity, And Social Practice In Slovenia, Toby Martin Applegate

Masters Theses

This research investigates the intersections of national identity, representation, and material culture in the Republic of Slovenia. The subject of the thesis, the kozolec, is a freestanding farm implement, usually made of wood, used to dry hay as fodder for animals and, occasionally, corn for human and animal consumption. It is found on the landscape of Slovenia, a small alpine country that was formerly part of Yugoslavia. The kozolec has been romanticized as being indicative of “where” Slovenia is. It has also been cast aside as a symbol marking the Slovene landscape for both representational and practical reasons.

This thesis …

On The Trail Of Fine Ale: The Role Of Factor Conditions In The Location Of Craft Breweries In The United States, James Daniel Baginski

Masters Theses

Since their origin in the late 1970s, craft breweries have diffused throughout the United States, greatly changing American perceptions of beer in the process. The manner in which craft breweries have spread throughout the nation has not been ubiquitous; at all scales of analysis, a great deal of variation exists. Some areas are far more developed than others in terms of the number of craft breweries present. The data indicate that, while population does play a role in influencing the development of craft breweries, other sociological and demographic conditions also appear to be of great importance in explaining the spatial …

Fire History Of Gum Swamp And Black Pond In Eastern Tennessee, U.S.A., From Macroscopic Sedimentary Charcoal, Alisa Lynn Hass

Masters Theses

Eastern Tennessee and Great Smoky Mountains National Park are biological hotspots in which settlement by Native Americans and Euro-Americans dramatically changed the landscape through land clearance and changes in fire occurrence. I present two local fire histories using macroscopic sedimentary charcoal, one from a highly managed area and one from private agricultural land. Gum Swamp (35°35' N 83°50' W) is a pond located in Cades Cove, Great Smoky Mountains National Park that experiences seasonal drying. The 0.94 m sediment profile extends to about 425 cal yr BP, based on an AMS radiocarbon date on charcoal fragments at mid-depth in the …

Gis Data And Geoprocess Modeling For Hydrologic Network Conservation Analysis In A Green Infrastructure Plan, Andrew Lorenz Wunderlich

Masters Theses

As urban sprawl swallows the areas around cities, planners are looking for alternative methods of development that help to protect and preserve the environment, enhance the lives of residents, and help reduce the skyrocketing costs of maintaining sprawling infrastructure. Green Infrastructure (GI) planning principles have gained in popularity due to their holistic nature and ability to balance preservation and development. A GI plan seeks to identify the critical “green” infrastructure in an area (the environmental resources that we rely on for clean air and water) and proposes complementary development strategies. One plan component of particular interest is the analysis of …

Estimating Potential Economic Net Carbon Flux From U.S. Agriculture Using A High Resolution, Integrated, Socioeconomic-Biogeophysical Model, Chad M. Hellwinckel

Doctoral Dissertations

Estimation of the carbon abatement potential of a national carbon market upon U.S. agricultural lands is needed by climate analysts, policymakers, and carbon market brokers. A high resolution, integrated, socioeconomic-biogeophysical model is developed in this research by linking the economics of land management with spatial data on soils and land use. The economic component of the model functions at the county level with biophysical data at the sub-county level of resolution.

The model is used to estimate changes in net carbon flux induced by incentives for conservation tillage on nine major crops. The economic potential reduction in net carbon flux …

Capturing Pre-Evacuation Trips And Associative Delays: A Case Study Of The Evacuation Of Key West, Florida For Hurricane Wilma, Melany Strike Noltenius

Doctoral Dissertations

The time it takes for the residents to evacuate an area is calculated as an evacuation time estimate (ETE). In theory, these time estimates are calculated based on a number of inputs, including clearance time, the impact of traffic management techniques, and the time for the public to prepare to evacuate (Dow, 2000). Evacuation models can calculate clearance times, as well as incorporate the temporal impact of traffic management techniques, like contra-flow traffic. However, these models do not include delays associated with pre-evacuation trips. Because these trips are not well represented in hurricane evacuation models, the evacuation time estimate may …

Testing The Usefulness Of Pine Stomata As A Proxy In Lake Sediment Cores From Low-Latitude Environments, Brock Andrew Remus

Masters Theses

Paleoecological research, using lake cores to reconstruct past climatic and anthropogenic changes, is a burgeoning field in the circum-Caribbean. The Dominican Republic’s Las Lagunas region is being studied for this purpose using many proxies. One possible proxy for study there is pine stomata. Concentrations of pine stomata in lake sediments have been used in high-latitude and alpine locations to reconstruct tree-line movement and stand invasion, but have never been used in low-latitude environments.

In this thesis I present results of analyses of Pinus occidentalis Swartz (Hispaniolan pine or West Indian pine) stomata concentrations in lake-sediment cores from two lakes in …

Holocene Fire History At Laguna Martínez, Costa Rica, Based On High-Resolution Macroscopic Charcoal Analysis Of An 8400 Cal Yr Bp Sediment Record, Jason Elliott Graham

Masters Theses

Macroscopic charcoal proxy records from sediment profiles from lakes and swamps provide valuable information on the role of fire in the world’s varied ecosystems. Macroscopic charcoal is not normally transported long distances, making it a good indicator of local fire history. This study focused on the macroscopic charcoal in an 8400 cal yr BP sediment record from Laguna Martínez, located in northwestern Costa Rica on the Pacific slope of the Miravalles volcano. Prior study of pollen assemblages in the Martínez sediment core revealed the earliest evidence of maize agriculture in Costa Rica at about 5500 cal yr BP. I sampled …

Changing Geography Of China’S International Air Transport Served By Chinese Airlines, Xumei Liu

Masters Theses

This research examines international air transport served by Chinese airlines from 1990 to 2004. Specifically, this research examines how the spatial patterns of air transport networks changed during this period. Particular attention was given to the competition among the three major hubs designated by the Civil Aviation Administration of China: Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. This paper also measured regional differences denoted by air transport as well as the impacts of several significant incidents on China’s international air transport.

Data were obtained from a series of China Transportation and Communication Yearbooks (1990-2004). Each yearbook compiles airline statistics of routes, number of …

Crossing The Rubicon: The Demise Of Segregation And The Origins Of Divergence In South Africa And The American South, Kyle Thomas Rector

Doctoral Dissertations

South Africa and the American South have long shared historical and socioeconomic commonalities. Of these similarities, their histories of governmentally-mandated racial segregation are what most often led people to draw comparisons between the two areas. Likewise, South Africa and the American South for much of the 20th century were considered atypical or exceptional when compared to their geographically proximate neighbors. Hence, research by Fredrickson, Cell, Sparks, and others identify how these two areas, though halfway around the globe from one another, have mirrored and impacted one another.

With the demise of governmentally-mandated segregation in both areas, it is worth asking …

Land Use-Transportation Interaction: Lessons Learned From An Experimental Model Using Cellular Automata And Artificial Neural Networks, Steve R. Ahrens

Masters Theses

Land use and transportation interact to produce large urban concentrations in most major cities that create tremendous sprawl, noise, congestion, and environmental concerns. The desire to better understand this relationship has led to the development of land use–transport (LUT) models as an extension of more general urban models. The difficulties encountered in developing such models are many as local actions sum to form global patterns of land use change, producing complex interrelationships. Cellular automata (CA) simplify LUT model structure, promise resolution improvement, and effectively handle the dynamics of emergent growth. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can be used to quantify the …

The Impact Of Historic Logging On Woody Debris Distribution And Stream Morphology In The Great Smoky Mountains National Park, North Carolina-Tennessee, Christopher M. Morris

Masters Theses

In the early 1900s, large sections of the Great Smoky Mountains were intensively logged. Since then, most locations have been allowed to naturally become forest-covered again, resulting in areas of secondary growth and old growth forest. To determine whether differences in large woody debris (LWD) loading and channel morphology persist today, I measured LWD, channel widths and depths, and channel bed sediments of streams in old and secondary growth forest in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park. LWD pieces in streams in old growth had larger mean diameters and lengths compared to LWD in streams in secondary growth forest. Streams …

Predicting And Analyzing Gentrification In Atlanta, Georgia, Jonathan M. Law

Masters Theses

First viewed as an aberration by some when it began to occur in inner cities, the process of gentrification is now common and even significant in U.S. cities, as it runs counter to the urban sprawl that plagues most of them. Gentrification can have far-reaching effects, as it usually involves rising property values and changes in ethnic make-up, and sometimes gives rise to concerns over displacement of original residents and affordable housing. In the context of a broad literature on gentrification which has failed to produce much agreement on its causes or how it works, this research attempts, utilizing census …