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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

What Code-Mixed Dps Can Tell Us About Gender, Elena Valenzuela, Joyce Bruhn De Garavito, Ewelina Barski, Maria De Luna Villalón, Ana Faure, Yolanda Pangtay, Alma Ramírez Trujillo, Sonia Reis Oct 2011

What Code-Mixed Dps Can Tell Us About Gender, Elena Valenzuela, Joyce Bruhn De Garavito, Ewelina Barski, Maria De Luna Villalón, Ana Faure, Yolanda Pangtay, Alma Ramírez Trujillo, Sonia Reis

Ewelina Barski, PhD

There has been a growing interest in the examination of the steady state of simultaneous bilinguals. An understanding of what leads to the possible weaknesses in the grammar of early bilinguals can contribute to our understanding of the possible causes of the apparent characteristic ‘failures’ in second language acquisition (Montrul 2008). Spanish has a gender feature for nouns (Carroll 1989) and gender agreement for determiners and adjectives. Problems with the acquisition of gender marking on the noun and/or with gender agreement are well-known in the L2 literature (Hawkins 1998; Fernández–Garcia 1999; Franceschina 2001; Bruhn de Garavito and White 2002; White …


What Code-Mixed Dps Can Tell Us About Gender, Elena Valenzuela, Joyce Bruhn De Garavito, Ewelina Barski, Maria De Luna Villalón, Ana Faure, Yolanda Pangtay, Alma Ramírez Trujillo, Sonia Reis Jun 2010

What Code-Mixed Dps Can Tell Us About Gender, Elena Valenzuela, Joyce Bruhn De Garavito, Ewelina Barski, Maria De Luna Villalón, Ana Faure, Yolanda Pangtay, Alma Ramírez Trujillo, Sonia Reis

Joyce Bruhn de Garavito

There has been a growing interest in the examination of the steady state of simultaneous bilinguals. An understanding of what leads to the possible weaknesses in the grammar of early bilinguals can contribute to our understanding of the possible causes of the apparent characteristic ‘failures’ in second language acquisition (Montrul 2008). Spanish has a gender feature for nouns (Carroll 1989) and gender agreement for determiners and adjectives. Problems with the acquisition of gender marking on the noun and/or with gender agreement are well-known in the L2 literature (Hawkins 1998; Fernández–Garcia 1999; Franceschina 2001; Bruhn de Garavito and White 2002; White …


Tzachi Zamir, Ethics And The Beast: A Speciesist Argument For Animal Liberation, Robert C. Jones Nov 2009

Tzachi Zamir, Ethics And The Beast: A Speciesist Argument For Animal Liberation, Robert C. Jones

Robert C. Jones, PhD

No abstract provided.


Regional Response To A Statewide Renewable Energy Standard: Status And Trends Of Wind Energy Development In West Michigan, Erik Edward Nordman Nov 2009

Regional Response To A Statewide Renewable Energy Standard: Status And Trends Of Wind Energy Development In West Michigan, Erik Edward Nordman

Erik Edward Nordman

This project used integrated assessment to explore and analyze regional response to Michigan’s renewable portfolio standard (RPS). The RPS required electric providers to generate ten-percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2015. Wind was identified as a primary source of renewable energy, and much of the state’s wind resources are concentrated in the West Michigan coastal zone. About 28 percent of the state’s planned wind generation capacity is located in the four-county study area. Local governments vary in their current regulations for siting utility-scale wind farms, as well as in their attitudes toward them. The region has significant offshore …


Improvement And Growth Of Local Productive Systems From Identity, Selfsufficiency, Federico Del Giorgio Solfa, Luciana Mercedes Girotto Nov 2009

Improvement And Growth Of Local Productive Systems From Identity, Selfsufficiency, Federico Del Giorgio Solfa, Luciana Mercedes Girotto

Federico Del Giorgio Solfa

This paper intends to begin the discussion of a new territorial development perspective. According to Boisier, the concept of territorial development is understood as one related to the idea of container, rather than content. Therefore, it is understood that, even though every portion of the earth surface is territory, not all territories are important from a developmental perspective. The aforementioned author differentiates among: “natural territory”, composed by natural elements free from any human intervention; "equipped territory" or “intervened territory”, where man has already built transport systems, infrastructure and even extractive production activities; and "organized territory", characterized by a community with …


Quantifying Nitrogen Cycling On Surface Mined Lands Using Natural Delta 15n Abundances And Fungal Relationships: An Exploratory Study, Alice Jones, Stephanie Jarvis, James Fox, Harold Rowe Oct 2009

Quantifying Nitrogen Cycling On Surface Mined Lands Using Natural Delta 15n Abundances And Fungal Relationships: An Exploratory Study, Alice Jones, Stephanie Jarvis, James Fox, Harold Rowe

Alice Jones

The use of isotopes to measure the role of mycorrhizal fungi in cycling nitrogen between soil and plants is applied to a reclaimed surface mine to illustrate the impact of surface mining on soil nutrient cycling in a terrestrial ecosystem. Isotopic relationships between soil, plants, and fungi were examined for a ~10 year old pitch pine reclaimed valley fill in Breathitt County, KY and for an undisturbed mixed mesophytic forest in Letcher County, KY. A quantitative inventory of sporocarps present, their size and substrate was performed at each site. Isotopic signatures of fungal and presumed substrate samples, dominant foliage samples …


Metals Analysis As A Tool For Understanding Headwater Health And Stream Processes In The Southern Appalachian Coal Region: An Exploratory Analysis, Alice Jones, Lee Powell, James Fox Sep 2009

Metals Analysis As A Tool For Understanding Headwater Health And Stream Processes In The Southern Appalachian Coal Region: An Exploratory Analysis, Alice Jones, Lee Powell, James Fox

Alice Jones

Major and trace metal analysis was applied to four coal-country headwater streams to better understand the fate of metals in headwater streams affected by mining over time and to determine headwater health. The study watersheds were located in southeastern Kentucky and consisted of an active mine site, a site mined prior to the passage of the Surface Mine Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 (SMCRA), a post-SMCRA reclaimed mine site, and an undisturbed forest control site. Dissolved water metals and suspended sediment metals were sampled at each source, middle, and outlet. Samples were analyzed on an ICP-OES, and spatial trends …


Budgeting Soil Carbon In The Clean Coal Discussion: Elemental And Isotopic Measurements And Modeling Of Soil Carbon Uptake On Reclaimed Mining Sites, Alice Jones, Peter Acton, James Fox, Harry Rowe, Darren Martin, Elliott Campbell Sep 2009

Budgeting Soil Carbon In The Clean Coal Discussion: Elemental And Isotopic Measurements And Modeling Of Soil Carbon Uptake On Reclaimed Mining Sites, Alice Jones, Peter Acton, James Fox, Harry Rowe, Darren Martin, Elliott Campbell

Alice Jones

While recent research has focused on the use of carbon capture and sequestration technology feasibility, less focus has been placed upon terrestrial carbon storage affected by coal mining in the context of the clean coal debate. Recent research has shown that the initial disturbance of soil and above-ground carbon pools caused by surface coal mining methods can produce a significant carbon loss from the terrestrial ecosystem, thus increasing the coal carbon footprint of coal. However there is a lack of information regarding the uptake of CO (sub 2) on reclaimed mining sites during re-growth and re-establishment of the soil carbon …


The Microbial Pool And Soil Carbon Cycling On Reclaimed Surface Mine Sites, Alice Jones, Guy Evans, James Fox Sep 2009

The Microbial Pool And Soil Carbon Cycling On Reclaimed Surface Mine Sites, Alice Jones, Guy Evans, James Fox

Alice Jones

The southern Appalachian region is an important source of coal resources. The wide scale practice of surface mining in this region leads to the landscape-scale removal of surface material and soils, a large carbon reservoir and important component of the carbon cycle. To date, few scientific studies have examined the development of the soil carbon cycle on post-reclamation mine sites in this region. In particular, development of the microbial pool and its role in carbon cycling in post-reclamation mine soils remains poorly understood. This study measured microbial biomass and soil respiration, as well as bulk soil total organic carbon, total …


Review: The Limits Of Boundaries: Why City-Regions Cannot Be Self-Governing, By Andrew Sancton, Christopher D. Gore Aug 2009

Review: The Limits Of Boundaries: Why City-Regions Cannot Be Self-Governing, By Andrew Sancton, Christopher D. Gore

Christopher D Gore

No abstract provided.


Land Degradation Detection Using Geo-Information Technology For Some Sites In Iraq, Ayad Mohammed Fadhil Aug 2009

Land Degradation Detection Using Geo-Information Technology For Some Sites In Iraq, Ayad Mohammed Fadhil

Prof. Dr. Ayad M. Fadhil Al-QUraishi

No abstract provided.


Controlling Influenza A (H1n1) In China: Bayesian Or Frequentist Approach, Dejian Lai, Chiehwen Ed Hsu Jul 2009

Controlling Influenza A (H1n1) In China: Bayesian Or Frequentist Approach, Dejian Lai, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

In this article we discuss two approaches to controlling the newly identified influenza A (H1N1) via Bayesian and frequentist statistical reasoning. We reviewed the measures implemented in China as an example to illustrate these two approaches. Since May 2009, China has deployed strict controlling mechanisms based on the strong prior Bayesian assumption that the origin of influenza A (H1N1) was from outside China and as such strict border control would keep the virus from entering China. After more than two months of hard work by Chinese health professionals and officials, the number of confirmed influenza A (H1N1) has increased steadily …


A Proposed Architecture For Emergency Response Systems Based On Digital Earth, Dapeng Li Jul 2009

A Proposed Architecture For Emergency Response Systems Based On Digital Earth, Dapeng Li

Dapeng Li

No abstract provided.


A Microwave Digestion Method For The Extraction Of Phytoliths From Herbarium Specimens, Jeffrey Parr, V Dolic, Graham Lancaster, William Boyd Jul 2009

A Microwave Digestion Method For The Extraction Of Phytoliths From Herbarium Specimens, Jeffrey Parr, V Dolic, Graham Lancaster, William Boyd

Jeffrey Parr

The extraction of phytoliths from herbarium and/or fresh plant material to obtain a suite of comparative reference samples is an essential component of palaeobotanical studies for the accurate interpretation of fossil phytolith assemblages. A number of established methods have been employed to extract phytoliths from plant material including dry ashing and acid digestion. However, while these methods produce good results, they can be time consuming and have the potential to produce results with some cross-contamination if not monitored closely. In this study, we trial an alternative method using microwave digestion, and compare the results to those produced using a conventional …


Soil Carbon Sequestration In Phytoliths, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan Jul 2009

Soil Carbon Sequestration In Phytoliths, Jeffrey Parr, Leigh Sullivan

Jeffrey Parr

The role of the organic carbon occluded within phytoliths (referred to in this text as ‘PhytOC‘) in carbon sequestration in some soils is examined. The results show that PhytOC can be a substantial component of total organic carbon in soil. PhytOC is highly resistant to decomposition compared to other soil organic carbon components in the soil environments examined accounting for up to 82% of the total carbon in well-drained soils after 1000 years of organic matter decomposition. Estimated PhytOC accumulation rates were between 15 and 37% of the estimated global mean long-term (i.e. on a millenial scale) soil carbon accumulation …


A Comparative Analysis Of Wet And Dry Ashing Techniques For The Extraction Of Phytoliths From Plant Material, Jeffrey Parr, Carol Lentfer, William Boyd Jul 2009

A Comparative Analysis Of Wet And Dry Ashing Techniques For The Extraction Of Phytoliths From Plant Material, Jeffrey Parr, Carol Lentfer, William Boyd

Jeffrey Parr

Two methods are commonly used for the extraction of phytoliths from plant material to be used as reference in the analysis of archaeological phytolith samples: (1) spodograms or dry ashings; and (2) acid digestions or wet ashing. It has been suggested that these techniques may modify the resultant samples in different ways. Dry ashing, in particular, has been implicated as a cause of shrinkage and warping in phytolith assemblages when incineration occurs at ≥450°C. The results of a morphometric comparative analysis between the dry ashing and wet ashing methods do not support these claims. This study establishes that differences in …


Using Palaeobotanical Techniques To Guide Peatland Restoration. A Case Study From Byron Bay, Australia, Kathryn Taffs, Jeffrey Parr, Keith Bolton Jul 2009

Using Palaeobotanical Techniques To Guide Peatland Restoration. A Case Study From Byron Bay, Australia, Kathryn Taffs, Jeffrey Parr, Keith Bolton

Jeffrey Parr

No abstract provided.


Whether To Get An H1n1 Vaccination Or Not?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

Whether To Get An H1n1 Vaccination Or Not?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

In this interview Dr. Hsu provided public health informatics expertise to answer why or why not to receive H1N1 vaccination.


Swine Flu Myths - Experts Debunk Four Common Myths About Swine Flu, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

Swine Flu Myths - Experts Debunk Four Common Myths About Swine Flu, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

To date, no evidence has been found to link eating or handling pork to contracting swine flu. As the cases of the new swine flu virus continue to rise, so too do the misconceptions about the illness. "By eating pork or handling pork products you won't [contract] H1N1," said Ed Hsu, an associate professor of health informatics at the University of Texas Health Science Center and a contributor to ABC News's OnCall+ Swine Flu site. "There is no scientific evidence or literature or any studies that suggest that one contracts H1N1 virus through eating pork or handling pork products." Additionally, …


Should I Wear A Mask To Protect Myself From The Flu?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

Should I Wear A Mask To Protect Myself From The Flu?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

It depends. If you already have H1N1 virus infection, you are recommended to wear a mask just to prevent yourself from spreading the virus to others.


Can One Get H1n1 Flu (Swine Flu) From Eating Pork?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

Can One Get H1n1 Flu (Swine Flu) From Eating Pork?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

there is no literature (study) suggesting that human being would get swine flu by eating pork or handling raw pork. Usually, if you prepare or cook your pork/meat product above temperature 70C (160F) the temperature could kill most of the germs and viruses, including h1n1 virus


Swine Flu Vs. Bird Flu: Which Is The Greater Pandemic Threat? New Research Hints At Why Swine Flu Overshadows Bird Flu In Pandemic Potential, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

Swine Flu Vs. Bird Flu: Which Is The Greater Pandemic Threat? New Research Hints At Why Swine Flu Overshadows Bird Flu In Pandemic Potential, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Ed Hsu, associate professor of public health informatics at the University of Texas School of Health Information Sciences and School of Public Health, agreed. "This study renders potential explanations for why Avian Flu virus does not effectively transmit from human to human -- an important indicator for raising pandemic level." Take, for example, the virulence of bird flu. Despite the relative paucity of human cases of bird flu among humans, Hsu said, 258 people have died since 2003 as a result of the bird flu virus -- a case fatality rate of more than 60 percent. "Once [bird flu] viruses …


Megafauna Demography And Late Quaternary Climatic Change In Australia: A Predisposition To Extinction, Steve Webb May 2009

Megafauna Demography And Late Quaternary Climatic Change In Australia: A Predisposition To Extinction, Steve Webb

Steve Webb

Arguments about the extinction of Australia's megafauna have largely rested on anthropogenic factors consequent upon the arrival of humans there, and have lacked any appreciation of the possibilities of climate/environmental changes taking place during the late Quaternary. Moreover, the status of the megafauna at the extinction and in the period leading up to it has largely been ignored. This article assesses the species that existed during the late Quaternary, their continental dispersal, the likely impact of negative climate change during that time and the effect this had on their demography and variety. These factors are discussed together with a synthesis …


2 Billion Infected? Who Stokes Swine Flu Fear, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

2 Billion Infected? Who Stokes Swine Flu Fear, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

One could reasonably question the reliability of WHO's statement of mass infection," he said. "By making such statement without strong backing WHO may risk putting its accountability on the line. "I think that WHO could serve the world health better by providing a more evidence-based, sensible 'benchmark' of H1N1 infection," said Ed Hsu, associate professor of public health informatics at the University of Texas School of Health Information Sciences and School of Public Health. He argued that the 2 billion figure, based on past pandemics, does not take into account recent public health improvements. Moreover, his own research has suggested …


Swine Flu Likely To Return To U.S. Next Winter - Experts Can't Predict Whether It Will Be More Virulent Or Not, Chiehwen Ed Hsu May 2009

Swine Flu Likely To Return To U.S. Next Winter - Experts Can't Predict Whether It Will Be More Virulent Or Not, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

explained C. Ed Hsu, an associate professor of public health informatics at the University of Texas School of Health Information Sciences at Houston and associate director of health informatics at the Center for Biosecurity and Public Health Preparedness at the University of Texas School of Public Health. "How and when the flu spreads is dependent on other factors as well: the fitness and efficiency of the virus itself along with its innate ability to replicate; the susceptibility of the host; and the environment, which includes not only the weather, but also human behavior (for example, groups of people confined together …


Flu Experts Debate Potential Number Of H1n1 Infections Worldwide, Chiehwen Ed Hsu Apr 2009

Flu Experts Debate Potential Number Of H1n1 Infections Worldwide, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

According to ABC News. "I think that WHO could serve the world health better by providing a more evidence-based, sensible 'benchmark' of H1N1 infection," said Ed Hsu, associate professor of public health informatics at the University of Texas School of Health Information Sciences and School of Public Health. Hsu said that while the WHO's estimates are grounded in historic data, they fail to consider improvement in public health, and his research shows signs that the numbers of swine flu infections in the U.S. are stabilizing. "One could reasonably question the reliability of WHO's statement of mass infection," Hsu said. "By …


Protecting The Young From Pandemic Flu., Chiehwen Ed Hsu Apr 2009

Protecting The Young From Pandemic Flu., Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

whether these past findings will be borne out with this new virus have yet to be seen, warns Ed Hsu, associate professor at the University of Texas School of Health Information Sciences and School of Public Health. "We may need another week until the H1N1 outbreak runs the full course of its incubation and infectivity period," he said. "By this weekend we should have enough data to make some meaningful inferences from worldwide distribution of the disease, including susceptibility or vulnerability by age over time."


Cautious Optimism On Swine Flu?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu Apr 2009

Cautious Optimism On Swine Flu?, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

"I'm cautiously optimistic that we will begin seeing a decline in swine flu cases by mid-May or in a couple of weeks," said C. Ed Hsu, director of Preventive Health Informatics and SpaTial Analysis at the University of Texas Health Science Center


Swine Flu -- Answers To Your Questions., Chiehwen Ed Hsu Apr 2009

Swine Flu -- Answers To Your Questions., Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Ed Hsu from the University of Texas predicts a rise in cases over the next week followed by a sharp decline thereafter: “Based on the analysis of the SARS data … and our analysis of worldwide H5N1 data, if the trends hold true for H1N1 [swine flu], we will see substantial increase …next week through early May. However, again if the trends hold true, we can also reasonably expect the cases will go down dramatically beginning the week after (i.e., week of 5/3). Note that the rise in cases in next week is normal and expected …Next week will be …


Public Health Informatics Perspective On Swine Flu, Chiehwen Ed Hsu Apr 2009

Public Health Informatics Perspective On Swine Flu, Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Chiehwen Ed Hsu

Despite the action being taken by national and international health organizations, some infectious disease experts, including Ed Hsu, say it is far too early to fear the worst -- a global flu pandemic.