Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Microcredit And Survival Microenterprises: The Role Of Market Structure, P.V. Viswanath

Faculty Working Papers

Poverty remains a pervasive problem all over the world, but the problem is worst in underdeveloped areas like Africa. While microfinance is supposed to address this problem through the promotion of viable businesses, it has not been very successful in helping survival microenterprises, i.e., businesses that the very poor with limited human capital have access to, in sectors with low barriers to entry and selling undifferentiated products. In this paper, I examine the role of market structure in mediating the impact of micro-lending to such survival enterprises. While there have been many evaluations of microfinance institutions (MFIs), there have been …

Disaster And Recovery: The Effects Of Post-Disaster Aid On Economic Development, Joshua M. Drouin

Steeplechase: An ORCA Student Journal

The effects of aid on economic development is topic typically studied from the perspective of corruption and allocative efficiency. We examine aid to less developed nations from a different viewpoint; assuming aid reaches the intended recipients, does it actually benefit them? We utilize Indonesia and the 2004 earthquake and tsunami as a natural experiment to observe the influx of aid, and compare the regions development before and after the disaster. By establishing a baseline before the disaster, and utilizing a new start point after the destruction, we can gauge the reconstruction efforts and observe whether aid is beneficial or harmful. …

The Power Of A Promise: Education And Economic Renewal In Kalamazoo, Michelle Miller-Adams

Michelle Miller-Adams

In the first comprehensive account of the Kalamazoo Promise, Michelle Miller-Adams addresses both the potential and challenges inherent in place-based universal scholarship programs and explains why this unprecedented experiment in education-based economic renewal is being emulated by scores of cities and towns around the nation.

Can Local Actors Foster A More Inclusive And Sustainable Model Of Economic Development? The Role Of Business Improvement Areas In The “New” Industrial Policy, Matias De Dovitiis, Juan Gomez, Rafael Gomez

Osgoode Hall Law Journal

A growing body of evidence links differing managerial practices, specifically ones addressing environmental sustainability and the management of people, to variations in performance observed across firms and countries. Firms (and by extension jurisdictions) that invest in better environmental policies (sustainability) and that empower workers (inclusivity) tend to outperform, over the long run, those that do not. Despite the gains associated with these inclusive and sustainable management techniques, large differences in the adoption of even the most basic management practices persist. We premise this article on an institution that can lower the costs of gaining best practice knowledge and help in …

Cbn Real Sector Financing For Inclusive Growth And Economic Development., Mudashiru A. Olaitan

Bullion

The fall in crude oil in the international market has expose Nigeria's vulnerability to external shocks and overdependence on a mono-product economy thereby presenting the opportunity for Nigeria to diversify its economy away from oil into agriculture, manufacturing services and other non-oil sectors. This paper examines the need to support key sectors that are drivers of growth and to also upscale its developmental finance initiatives targeted at economic growth, deepening of deepening of credit delivery to the real sector. The paper highlighted focal areas and the interventions by CBN in these areas to include Agricultural sector; Infrastructure; Manufacturing sector; MSMEs …

Deficit Financing, Price And Economic Stability In Nigeria: A Bound Testing Approach., Ali Danjuma Umaru

Bullion

This research work empirically examines the impact of deficits finance on price and economic stability in Nigeria using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL)/Bound testing approach from 1980-2016. Total deficit financed externally and a disaggregated domestic source which includes CBN, Deposit Money Banks and Non-Bank Public were used as proxies for deficit financing while inflation rates and GDP were captured for price and economic stability respectively. The bound testing analysis which was carried out in a two differently specified models show no cointegration between deficit finance and inflation, while that of deficit finance and economic stability nexus reveals the existence of a …

Female Labour Force Participation And Economic Development In Labour Abundant Countries: Evidence From Sri Lanka, Prathi Seneviratne

Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Female labour force participation remains low across much of the developing world despite robust economic growth and structural change. Cross-country studies provide contradictory conclusions, while there is little analysis at the country and regional levels. This paper examines the microeconomic determinants of female participation using rich household survey data from Sri Lanka, where participation is low for its level of economic development. It finds household income, secondary education and fertility to lower participation rates. Participation has increased with economic growth, and a decomposition analysis reveals rising education, falling fertility, and weakening income effects to be the main contributors. However, growth …

Business Development And Entrepreneurship On The Navajo Reservation, Sierra Hoffer

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

In this paper, I explore the underdevelopment of the business sector on the Navajo reservation. I investigate why the Navajo reservation continues to be economically depressed and find that institutions unique to the reservation create barriers that disincentivize formal business development. I first conducted a literature review on general barriers to entrepreneurship. Second, I reviewed the institutional analysis of the Navajo reservation to understand how institutions affect potential entrepreneurs. Next, I summarized a three-phased entrepreneurship training program on the reservation. Finally, I assessed the results of the program and how it was effected by barriers to business development.

I conclude …

Weak Law V Strong Ties: An Empirical Study Of Business Investment, Law And Political Connections In China, Wei Zhang, Ji Li

Research Collection Yong Pung How School Of Law

Based on a large-scale survey of Chinese entrepreneurs, our study explores how institutions (formal and informal) influence investment decisions made by private companies. The study finds that, consistent with the conventional view, a more effective legal system is correlated with short-term general investment, and that the judiciary is important mainly because of its restraint over the state. The role of effective courts, however, diminishes when private entrepreneurs consider making long-term investment. We find a positive association between the entrepreneurs’ political backgrounds and their R&D investment, suggesting that Chinese courts, in spite of decades of reform, are not yet viewed as …

Tax Credits As A Tool Of State Economic Development Policy, Howard J. Wall

Center for Applied Economics

Tax credits come in many forms and serve an array of purposes, although economic development is central to their existence. Although tax credits come in many forms, they all share a basic structure: They are provided to a private entity for a specific project, usually to enhance the entity’s ability to obtain financing. The holder of a tax credit can apply it against his or her tax liabilities according to its redemption value, its redemption date, and other rules governing the credit.

This paper summarizes the findings in the economics literature on the effectiveness of state tax credits in spurring …

An Overlapping-Generations Model Of Firm Heterogeneity In Economic Development, Yu Chen, Haiwen Zhou

Economics Faculty Publications

We study firm heterogeneity in economic development in an overlapping-generations general equilibrium model in which manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition. Individuals differ in their productivities in the manufacturing sector and choose to become entrepreneurs or workers. The model is surprisingly tractable. In the steady state, an increase in the entry barrier in the manufacturing sector or an increase in the percentage of income spent on the agricultural good decreases the wage rate, but the level of output in the manufacturing sector does not necessarily decrease. An increase in the degree of patience of an individual increases the steady state …

Desarrollo Regional Y Análisis Del Sector Lácteo En La Sabana De Bogotá. Un Estudio De Caso Para Alpina S.A. Y Alquería En El Período De 2010 – 2015, Abel Felipe Jaramillo Torres, Jesús David Mendoza Lozano, Daniel Felipe Sánchez López

Economía

Empresas del sector lácteo en la Sabana Centro (departamento de Cundinamarca) como Alpina SA y Alquería sonprotagonistas en la economía regional, principalmente porque son fuentes generadoras de empleo y participan en las cadenas productivas, mediante la interacción con pequeños y medianos productores de leche y sus derivados . A su vez, trabajan de manera conjunta y mantienen una relación cercana con el sector público, lo que se espera promueva el crecimiento y la sostenibilidad de las empresas, así como mejora el nivel de desarrollo de los municipios. Se hace una juiciosarevisión de la teórica económica que propone Marshall de distritos …

The Economic Impact Of City-County Consolidations: A Synthetic Control Approach, Joshua Hall, Josh Matti, Yang Zhou

Economics Faculty Working Papers Series

Although more rapid development is a primary motivation behind city-county consolidations, few empirical studies explore the impact of consolidation on economic development. No studies look at government consolidation in the United States using modern causal inference methods. We use the synthetic control method (SCM) to examine the long-term impact of city-county consolidations on per capita income, population, and employment. The results from the three cases explored indicate that consolidation does not guarantee development and actually can have negative effects. Additionally, consolidation can deepen the urban-rural divide by accelerating the decline of rural populations relative to those of urban areas. The …

Ginning Up Economic Growth? Evaluating The Effects Of County-Level Alcohol Sales, Nathan Smith

MPA/MPP/MPFM Capstone Projects

The academic literature on the topic of legal alcohol sales is vast; from the effects on crime to population health outcomes. The economic development impact of alcohol sales, however, remains relatively unexplored. This research examines county-level data from the State of Arkansas between the years 2009 and 2014 in a cross-sectional time-series regression analysis to determine whether economic development benefits exist that can be attributed either directly or indirectly to legal alcohol sales. Ultimately, this study finds that alcohol sales are positively and significantly related with food service and accommodation employment as well as higher per capita personal income.